Large language models in cancer: potentials, risks, and safeguards.

This review examines the use of large language models (LLMs) in cancer, analysing articles sourced from PubMed, Embase, and Ovid Medline, published between 2017 and 2024. Our search strategy included terms related to LLMs, cancer research, risks, safeguards, and ethical issues, focusing on studies that utilized text-based data. 59 articles were included in the review, categorized into 3 segments: quantitative studies on LLMs, chatbot-focused studies, and qualitative discussions on LLMs on cancer.

Influence of mothers' and frontline health workers' knowledge, attitude, and practices on infant and young child feeding and child nutrition: a cross-sectional study in aspirational districts of Assam, India.

The knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of mothers and frontline health workers (FLWs) regarding optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) are essential for mitigating undernutrition and associated morbidities among under-five children. The study assessed the KAP of mothers (of children aged 0-60 months) and FLWs regarding recommended IYCF practices, the association of mother's KAP with their demographic characteristics and children's nutritional outcomes, and the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 0-60 months in five high-focus districts of Assam. Data were collected from 389 mothers, 456 children, and 138 FLWs using a standard method.

Measurable residual disease and posttransplantation gilteritinib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated AML.

BMT CTN 1506 ("MORPHO"; NCT02997202) was a randomized phase 3 study of gilteritinib compared to placebo as maintenance therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key secondary endpoint was to determine the impact on survival of pre- and/or post-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD), as determined using a highly sensitive assay for FLT3-ITD mutations. Generally, gilteritinib maintenance therapy was associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) for participants with detectable peri-HCT MRD, whereas no benefit was evident for those lacking detectable MRD.

Formulation and evaluation of the effective microorganisms in sewage treatment.

Effective microorganisms pose a great potential in wastewater treatment. In the present study, effective microorganisms' formulations were developed using different organic substrates that support the growth of more beneficial microorganisms for sewage treatment. Based on the metagenomic analysis and biochemical profile information, the fish waste-based effective microorganisms' formulation was identified as the effective formulation.

Activation of glutamine synthetase (GS) as a new strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other GS-related diseases.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain. Hypoactive GS causes depressive behaviors. Under chronic stress, GS has no change in expression, but its activity is decreased due to nitration of tyrosine (Tyr).

Morphology and Phylogenetic Analysis of Henneguya sp. Infecting the Orange-Spotted Snakehead (Channa Aurantimaculata) from Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: Henneguya sp. is a crucial myxosporean parasite known to cause milky flesh or tapioca disease in the freshwater fish population, leading to heavy mortality. Studies to investigate its host range and to monitor their prevalence in wild and aquacultured fish are necessary.

Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-TIGIT or an oncolytic virus in resectable stage IIIB-D melanoma: a phase 1/2 trial.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapies have shown antitumor activity in melanoma. Substudy 02C of the global, rolling-arm, phase 1/2, adaptive-design KEYMAKER-U02 trial is evaluating neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) alone or in combination, followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab, for stage IIIB-D melanoma. Here we report results from the first three arms: pembrolizumab plus vibostolimab (anti-TIGIT), pembrolizumab plus gebasaxturev (coxsackievirus A21) and pembrolizumab monotherapy.

Database of soil properties incorporating organic content from roots and soil organisms for regional slope stabilisation.

The effectiveness of using vegetation to reinforce slopes is influenced by the soil and vegetation characteristics. Hence, this study pioneers the construction of an extensive soil database using random forest machine learning and ordinary kriging methods, focusing on the influence of plant roots on the saturated and unsaturated properties of residual soils. Soil organic content, which includes contributions from both soil organisms and roots, functions as a key factor in estimating soil hydraulic and mechanical properties influenced by vegetation roots.

Sleep quality and coping styles among nurses working in tertiary cancer institutions: a mixed-method study.

Introduction: Providing nursing care is a challenging job which may lead to serious effects on sleep quality, thereby leading to lower work productivity and reduced job satisfaction. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to adopt effective and adaptive coping strategies to deal with day-to-day stress and to improve sleep.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the sleep quality of nurses and the coping styles employed by them to deal with the stressors at the workplace.

Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses Version 2019: Proportion of Malignancy by Class and Subclass-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bosniak classification version 2019 (v2019) was a major revision to version 2005 (v2005) that defined cystic renal mass subclasses based on wall or septa features. To determine the proportion of malignancy within cystic renal masses stratified by Bosniak classification v2019 class and feature-based subclass. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched on July 24, 2023 for studies published in 2019 or later that reported cystic renal masses that underwent renal-mass CT or MRI, were assessed using Bosniak v2019, and had a reference standard (histopathology indicating benignity or malignancy or ≥5-year imaging follow-up indicating benignity).

Solid-State Photoswitching of Hydrazones Based on Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer.

The development of new photochromic systems is motivated by the possibility of controlling the properties and functions of materials with high spatial and temporal resolution in a reversible manner. While there are several classes of photoswitches operating in solution, the design of systems efficiently operating in the solid state remains highly challenging, mainly due to limitations related to confinement effects. Triaryl-hydrazones represent a relatively new subclass of bistable hydrazone photoswitches exhibiting efficient / photochromism in solution.

Bio-Orchestration of Cellular Organization and Human-Preferred Sensory Texture in Cultured Meat.

For cultured meat to effectively replace traditional meat, it is essential to develop scaffolds that replicate key attributes of real meat, such as taste, nutrition, flavor, and texture. However, one of the significant challenges in replicating meat characteristics with scaffolds lies in the considerable gap between the stiffness preferred by cells and the textural properties desired by humans. To address this issue, we focused on the microscale environment conducive to cell growth and the macro-scale properties favored by humans.

Soybean2035: A decadal vision for soybean functional genomics and breeding.

Soybean, the fourth most important crop in the world, uniquely serves as a source of both plant oil and plant protein for the world's food and animal feed. Although soybean production has increased approximately 13-fold over the past 60 years, the continually growing global population necessitates further increases in soybean production. In the past, especially in the last decade, significant progress has been made in both functional genomics and molecular breeding.

RSV Vaccine with Nanoparticle-Based Poly-Sorbitol Transporter (PST) Adjuvant Improves Respiratory Protection Against RSV Through Inducing Both Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes symptoms similar to a mild cold for adults, but in case of infants, it causes bronchitis and/or pneumonia, and in some cases, mortality. Mucosal immunity within the respiratory tract includes tissue-resident memory T (T) cells and tissue-resident memory B (B) cells, which provides rapid and efficient protection against RSV re-infection. Therefore, vaccine strategies should aim to generate mucosal immune responses.

Deep Learning Calculation and Application of Axle Loads in Highway Sensor Data.

Axle load data and traffic survey data are both important outputs of highway sensors. This study targets highways and ordinary national and provincial highways, seeking to calculate axle load spectrum and equivalent axle times across the network. There is often an association in the spatial extent of traffic survey data and axle load detection data in highway networks.

Effect of Process Parameters on Nano-Microparticle Formation During Supercritical Antisolvent Process Using Mixed Solvent: Application for Enhanced Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Telmisartan Through Particle-Size Control Based on Experimental Design.

This study investigates the impact of supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process parameters on the particle formation of telmisartan, a poorly water-soluble drug. A fractional factorial design was employed to examine the influence of the SAS process parameters, including solvent ratio, drug solution concentration, temperature, pressure, injection rate of drug solution, and CO₂ flow rate, on particle formation. Solid-state characterizations of the SAS process particles using XRD and FT-IR confirmed their amorphous nature.

Discovery of Isograndidentatin D, a Novel Phenolic Glycoside, and Anti- Phenolics from Twigs.

Anderss (Salicaceae), commonly referred to as Korean willow, is native to East Asia, particularly Korea and China, and it has been used in traditional Korean folk medicine for its potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. In our ongoing research efforts to discover biologically new natural products, phytochemical analysis on an ethanolic extract of twigs yielded the isolation and identification of ten phenolic compounds (-), including a newly discovered phenolic glycoside () named isograndidentatin D, isolated via HPLC purification. The structure of compound was determined through extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral data analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS).

Traditional Knowledge, Use, and Management of Among the Mijikenda Community in Kilifi, Kenya.

Although Lam. (Moringaceae) is a multipurpose tree with remarkable nutritional and therapeutic benefits, it is undervalued and neglected in Kenya, as the local people associate it with famine and poverty. The present study aims to assess and document the traditional knowledge on use and management as well as production constraints of the species among the Mijikenda community in Kilifi County, Kenya.

Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Plasma-Treated Perfluorooctanesulfonate Containing Water Using In Vitro Bioassays.

The contamination of ground and surface waters with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is of major concern due to their potential adverse effects on human health. The carbon-fluorine bond makes these compounds extremely stable and hardly degradable by natural processes. Therefore, methods for PFAS removal from water are desperately needed.

Comparison of Two Chelator Scaffolds as Basis for Cholecystokinin-2 Receptor Targeting Bimodal Imaging Probes.

: Dual-modality probes, combining positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorescence imaging (FI) capabilities in a single molecule, are of high relevance for the accurate staging and guided resection of tumours. We herein present a pair of candidates targeting the cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R), namely [Ga]Ga-CyTMG and [Ga]Ga-CyFMG. In these probes, the SulfoCy5.