Blood-based epigenome-wide association study and prediction of alcohol consumption.

Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for multiple diseases. It is typically assessed via self-report, which is open to measurement error through recall bias. Instead, molecular data such as blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) could be used to derive a more objective measure of alcohol consumption by incorporating information from cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites known to be linked to the trait.

Removal of Antibiotics in Breeding Wastewater Tailwater Using Microalgae-Based Process.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) are commonly detected antibiotic species in breeding wastewater, and microalgae-based antibiotic treatment technology is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for its removal. This study evaluated the effects of CIP and OTC on Scenedesmus sp. in the breeding wastewater tailwater and the removal mechanisms of antibiotics.

Racial and ethnic enrollment disparities in clinical trials leading to FDA approvals for gynecologic malignancies.

Background: Black women and other minorities have higher age adjusted incidence risk for cervical and endometrial cancer than White women. However, the extent of racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trial enrollment among studies performed mainly in North America and Europe for gynecologic malignancy is unknown.

Objective: This study analyzed enrollment rates by race/ethnicity in trials that led to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for gynecological cancers from 2010 to 2024.

Isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism identification based on international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 codes and imaging reports.

Background: Isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (issPE) is a commonly encountered diagnosis. Although the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes are used for research, their validity for identifying issPE is unknown. Moreover, issPE diagnosis is challenging, and the findings from radiology reports may conflict with those from expert radiologists.

Anticancer diiron aminocarbyne complexes with labile N-donor ligands.

The novel diiron amine complexes [FeCp(CO)(NHR')(μ-CO){μ-CN(Me)(Cy)}]CFSO [R' = H, 3; Cy, 4; CHCHNH, 5; CHCHNMe, 6; CHCH(4-CHOMe), 7; CHCH(4-CHOH), 8; Cp = η-CH, Cy = CH = cyclohexyl] were synthesized in 49-92 % yields from [FeCp(CO)(μ-CO){μ-CN(Me)(Cy)}]CFSO, 1a, using a straightforward two-step procedure. They were characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of 7 was confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 3-8 and the acetonitrile adducts [FeCp(CO)(NCMe)(μ-CO){μ-CN(Me)(R)}]CFSO (R = Cy, 2a; Me, 2b; Xyl = 2,6-CHMe, 2c) were assessed for their water solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient and stability in physiological-like solutions.

Prediction of main pancreatic duct involvement in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms on magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the measurement of main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter on MRI for predicting MPD involvement in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN).

Methods: This retrospective study included 595 patients with surgically confirmed IPMN who underwent preoperative MRI from 2015 to 2022. Three independent readers measured the maximum MPD diameter on two-dimensional axial and coronal T2-weighted imaging.

A-kinase anchor protein 12 promotes oligodendrogenesis and cognitive recovery in carbon monoxide therapy for traumatic brain injury.

Therapeutic drug development for central nervous system injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), presents significant challenges. TBI results in primary mechanical damage followed by secondary injury, leading to cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. Our recent study demonstrated the potential of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) to improve TBI recovery by enhancing neurogenesis.

Revisiting the Metabolism of Donepezil in Rats Using Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Molecular Networking.

: Although donepezil, a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, has been in use since 1996, its metabolic characteristics remain poorly characterized. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the in vivo metabolism of donepezil using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) based on a molecular networking (MN) approach integrated with a non-targeted metabolomics approach. : After the oral administration of donepezil (30 mg/kg) in rats, urine, feces, and liver samples were collected for LC-HRMS analysis.

The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential.

Lung cancer remains a major global health problem because of its high cancer-related mortality rate despite advances in therapeutic approaches. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major subtype of lung cancer, is more amenable to surgical intervention in its early stages. However, the prognosis for advanced NSCLC remains poor, owing to limited treatment options.

()-Glucosciadopitysin, a New Biflavonoid Glycoside from the Leaves of and Osteogenic Activity of Bioflavonoids.

The leaves of have been used in treating freckles and effectively reducing cough and sputum in folk medicines. Recently, investigations into the correlation between ginkgo leaves and the proliferative activity of osteogenic differentiation have been conducted. However, bioactive compounds that enhance osteogenesis or exhibit osteoporosis prevention from have not been fully identified.

Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies.

Cytokine-mediated inflammation is increasingly recognized for playing a vital role in the pathophysiology of a wide range of brain disorders, including neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental problems. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause neuroinflammation, alter brain function, and accelerate disease development. Despite progress in understanding these pathways, effective medicines targeting brain inflammation are still limited.

Geometry-Based Synchrosqueezing S-Transform with Shifted Instantaneous Frequency Estimator Applied to Gearbox Fault Diagnosis.

This paper introduces a novel geometry-based synchrosqueezing S-transform (GSSST) for advanced gearbox fault diagnosis, designed to enhance diagnostic precision in both planetary and parallel gearboxes. Traditional time-frequency analysis (TFA) methods, such as the Synchrosqueezing S-transform (SSST), often face challenges in accurately representing fault-related features when significant mode closely spaced components are present. The proposed GSSST method overcomes these limitations by implementing an intuitive geometric reassignment framework, which reassigns time-frequency (TF) coefficients to maximize energy concentration, thereby allowing fault components to be distinctly isolated even under challenging conditions.

Optimized Airborne Millimeter-Wave InSAR for Complex Mountain Terrain Mapping.

The efficient acquisition and processing of large-scale terrain data has always been a focal point in the field of photogrammetry. Particularly in complex mountainous regions characterized by clouds, terrain, and airspace environments, the window for data collection is extremely limited. This paper investigates the use of airborne millimeter-wave InSAR systems for efficient terrain mapping under such challenging conditions.

Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Pesticides in Soil Based on Electronic Nose.

The rapid detection of petroleum hydrocarbons and organic pesticides is an important prerequisite for precise soil management. It is also a guarantee for soil quality, environmental safety, and human health. However, the current rapid detection methods are prone to sample matrix interference, complex development processes, short lifespan, and low detection accuracy.

Design, Synthesis, and Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of ()-5-Benzylidene-2-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)thiazol-4(5)-one Analogs: In Vitro and In Vivo Insights.

Fifteen compounds (-) constructed on a hybrid structure combining a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl template and a 2-aminothiazol-4(5)-one scaffold were designed and synthesized as potential novel anti-tyrosinase substances. Two compounds ( and ) showed more potent inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase than kojic acid, and the inhibitory activity of (IC value: 1.60 μM) was 11 times stronger than that of kojic acid.

Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Prefabricated Steel-Concrete Composite I-Beams Under Negative Bending Moment: Comparative Study.

The issues of numerous steel beam components and the tendency for deck cracking under negative bending moment zones have long been challenges faced by traditional composite I-beams with flat steel webs. This study introduces an optimized approach by modifying the structural design and material selection, specifically substituting flat steel webs with corrugated steel webs and using ultra-high-performance concrete for the deck in the negative bending moment zone. Three sets of model tests were conducted to compare and investigate the influence of deck material and web forms on the bending and crack resistance of steel-concrete composite I-beams under a negative bending moment zone.

A Study on the Effect of Nickel-Plated Graphite Content on the Microstructure and Properties of AlZn/Nickel-Plated Graphite Composite Cold Spray Coatings.

Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in the busbar structures of electrolytic aluminum production. However, they are prone to corrosion and wear damage during use, leading to a decline in current-transmission efficiency and potentially causing safety issues. To repair damaged aluminum busbars, this paper explores the feasibility of using cold spraying technology for surface restoration.

Bending Performance of Diamond Lattice Cylindrical Shells.

The Diamond lattice cylindrical shell (Diamond LCS) was proposed by a mapping approach based on the triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). The finite element models were built and their accuracy was verified by experimental results. Parameter studies were carried out to investigate the effect of geometric and loading parameters on the bending properties of the Diamond LCSs by the finite element model.

Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between the vaccine formulation and the recipient's immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists in individual and population responses to vaccination, and these differences remain the focus of the ongoing research.

The Cell Polarity Protein MPP5/PALS1 Controls the Subcellular Localization of the Oncogenes and in Liver Cancer.

The oncogenes yes-associated protein () and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif () are potent liver oncogenes. Because gene mutations cannot fully explain their nuclear enrichment, we aim to understand which mechanisms cause activation in liver cancer cells. The combination of proteomics and functional screening identified numerous apical cell polarity complex proteins interacting with YAP and TAZ.

Phlorofucofuroeckol-A: A Natural Compound with Potential to Attenuate Inflammatory Diseases Caused by Airborne Fine Dust.

: Persistent exposure to airborne fine dust (FD) particles contributing to air pollution has been linked to various human health issues, including respiratory inflammation, allergies, and skin diseases. We aimed to identify potential seaweed anti-inflammatory bioactive reagents and determine their effects on systemic inflammatory responses induced by FD particles. : While exploring anti-inflammatory bioactive reagents, we purified compounds with potential anti-inflammatory effects from the seaweed extracts of , , and .

Characterization of Broad Spectrum Bacteriophage vB ESM-pEJ01 and Its Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Shiga Toxin-Producing in Green Juice.

Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) infections have increased in humans, animals, and the food industry, with ready-to-eat (RTE) food products being particularly susceptible to contamination. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains has rendered the current control strategies insufficient to effectively control STEC infections. Herein, we characterized the newly isolated STEC phage vB_ESM-pEJ01, a polyvalent phage capable of infecting and species, and assessed its efficacy in reducing STEC in vitro and food matrices.

Standardization of the Agar Plate Method for Bacteriophage Production.

The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the urgent need for alternative treatments such as bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Phage therapy offers a targeted approach to combat bacterial infections, particularly those resistant to conventional antibiotics. This study aimed to standardize an agar plate method for high-mix, low-volume phage production, suitable for personalized phage therapy.

Cathelicidins: Opportunities and Challenges in Skin Therapeutics and Clinical Translation.

Cathelicidins are a group of cationic, amphipathic peptides that play a vital role in the innate immune response of many vertebrates, including humans. Produced by immune and epithelial cells, they serve as natural defenses against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In humans, the cathelicidin LL-37 is essential for wound healing, maintaining skin barrier integrity, and combating infections.

Comparison of Long-Term Antibody Titers in Calves Treated with Different Conjunctival and Subcutaneous S19 Vaccines.

Brucellosis is still the most common zoonosis worldwide despite advanced technology and animal husbandry. Since there is still no effective vaccine for humans, it is crucial to control the disease in ruminants through eradication and vaccination. Although some countries around the world have achieved this circumstance, every country aims to become free of Brucellosis through vaccination, animal movements, and various eradication measures.