Intrascrotal extratesticular arteriovenous malformation.

We describe a case of intrascrotal-extratesticular arteriovenous malformation in an adult that presented as a hard scrotal mass mimicking post-traumatic hematoma. This is the first reported case of an arteriovenous malformation at the intrascrotal-extratesticular region.

Effects of BCG revaccination on asthma.

In a study conducted 1 year ago, we found that Th1 immune enhancement following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination effectively suppressed human asthma. To investigate whether revaccination would further improve lung function, BCG vaccine was given again. Current lung function tended to improve in the Repeated BCG group (n = 9), but not in the Single BCG group (previously the placebo group) (n = 11), compared with that 1 year ago.

Cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord injuries.

Unlabelled: Endotracheal intubation usually causes transient hypertension and tachycardia. We investigated whether the cardiovascular responses to intubation change as a function of the time elapsed in patients with spinal cord injury. One-hundred-six patients with traumatic complete spinal cord injury were grouped into acute and chronic groups according to the time elapsed (less than and more than 4 wk after injury) and into those with quadriplegia and paraplegia according to the level of injury (above C7 and below T5): acute quadriplegia, n = 26; chronic quadriplegia, n = 27; acute paraplegia, n = 24; and chronic paraplegia, n = 29.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system: clinico-pathological study.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a new entity among malignant pediatric brain tumors. This study was performed to investigate the clinicopathologic and cytogenetic features of the tumor. Five cases from a series of the brain tumors were studied.

Endoneurial microangiopathy of sural nerve in experimental vacor-induced diabetes.

The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is multifactorial. This study investigated microangiopathic changes of endoneurial vessels of sural nerve in Vacor-induced diabetic rats. Experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: acute (80 mg/kg, once), chronic diabetic (8 mg/kg, 14 times), and control.

Peak expiratory flow rate underestimates severity of airflow obstruction in acute asthma.

Background: Several investigators have demonstrated a considerable disagreement between FEV1 and PEFR to assess the severity of airflow obstruction. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the discrepancy between the two measurements affects the assessment in the severity of acute asthma.

Methods: Thirty-five consecutive asthma patients measured both FEV1 and PEFR at 0, 1hr, 1, 3, 5, 7 days of an emergency room admission using a spirometer and a Ferraris PEFR meter.

Enhanced Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity in experimental ureteral obstruction.

Whether the postobstructive diuresis can in part be related to an altered regulation of Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally obstructed of their ureters. Control group was with sham ureteral obstruction.

Fetal axillary cystic hygroma detected by prenatal ultrasonography: a case report.

Fetal cystic hygroma is a rare developmental congenital anomaly of the lymphatic system, characterized by the formation of a multilocular, variable sized cystic mass. Most of cystic hygromas are found in the neck and other rare locations include axilla, mediastinum, and limbs. There are many papers about cystic hygroma colli, but there are only a few papers about fetal axillary cystic hygroma and no domestic papers.

Caffeine decreases the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and the type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger in rat kidney.

1. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the renal effects of caffeine. 2.

Altered expression of vascular natriuretic peptide receptors in experimental hypertensive rats.

1. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the regulation of vascular natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR) is related to the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). 2.

Intradural anastomoses between the accessory nerve and the posterior roots of cervical nerves: their clinical significance.

This study was performed to identify the anastomoses between the accessory nerve and the posterior roots of cervical nerves below the level of C1 segment, and to evaluate their clinical significance. One hundred spinal cord sides of Koreans were studied under the surgical microscope. In order to trace the posterior root of a cervical nerve after anastomosis with the accessory nerve, or the bridging fibers between the accessory nerve and the cervical posterior roots, the accessory nerves with the posterior roots and the bridging fibers were stained with osmium tetroxide.

Antioxidant effect of melatonin in human retinal neuron cultures.

This study investigates whether the neurohormone melatonin can prevent the retinal neuronal injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured human retinal neuronal cells. Cultures of human retinal neuronal cells established from a variety of donors were grown to 14 days and then subjected to experimental hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO)-induced injury. Intracellular production of ROS by administration of HX/XO was confirmed by flow cytometry; the ROS resulted in both apoptotic and necrotic pattern of cell death in the retinal neuron cultures.

Fas mediates apoptosis in steroid-induced myopathy of rats.

Recently, apoptotic cell death has been reported in differentiated skeletal muscle, where apoptosis was generally assumed not to occur. To investigate whether apoptosis may contribute to the steroid-induced myopathy, rats treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for 9 days were sacrificed for detecting apoptosis by in situ end-labelling (ISEL) and DNA electrophoresis in soleus muscles. Immunohistochemical stainings of Fas antigen and p53 protein were performed to examine whether apoptosis-related proteins were present in the myopathy.

Calcium/calmodulin kinase II activity of hippocampus in kainate-induced epilepsy.

This study investigated calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activity related to long-standing neuronal injury of the hippocampus in kainate (KA)-induced experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic seizure was induced by injection of KA (1 microg/microL) dissolved in phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.

Focal pulmonary uptake during Tc-99m myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and origin of abnormal focal pulmonary uptake during myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging (MSPECT).

Methods: For evaluation of chest pain, 790 men and 581 women (mean age, 56 +/- 13 years) underwent MSPECT. All of them received adenosine for pharmacologic stress and Tc-99m tetrofosmin (TF, n = 817) or Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI, n = 554) for myocardial perfusion imaging.

p53 mutation and epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression in glioblastoma.

Recent molecular studies indicate two different genetic pathways leading to the development of glioblastoma; final progression of astrocytoma and de novo formation. To define the mutual relationships of cytogenetic changes in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, molecular histopathologic alterations of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were evaluated by single stranded conformational polymorphion, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical stains in 15 primary and 21 secondary glioblastomas. Mutations in p53 gene and positive immunoreactivity to p53 protein (DO1) were more prevalent in secondary glioblastomas than in primary glioblastomas.

Altered renal expression of aquaporin-2 water channels in rats with experimental two-kidney, one clip hypertension.

The present study was aimed at examining the regulation of aquaporin (AQP)-2 water channels in the kidney in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension. Rats were made 2K1C hypertensive for 6 weeks, and their expression of AQP2 channel proteins was determined in the clipped and contralateral kidneys. To examine the upstream affecting AQP2 channels, adenylyl cyclase activity was also determined.

Delayed interval delivery in multiple gestations.

Two multiple pregnancies with delayed delivery after expulsion of dead fetus are presented. Case 1: A woman with a twin pregnancy and one intrauterine fetal death at 20 weeks' gestation delivered a dead fetus at 27 weeks' gestation. She delivered a healthy male infant weighing 2430 g at 33 weeks' gestation (42 d after the delivery of the first twin).

Malignant phyllodes tumor of the prostate.

Phyllodes tumor of the prostate is rare. We have recently experienced a case of phyllodes tumor of the prostate in a 57-year-old man who complained of urinary retention for 1 year. The epithelial components were positive reactivity for prostate specific antigen.