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Respiratory responses to cold water immersion: neural pathways, interactions, and clinical consequences awake and asleep.

J Appl Physiol (1985)

June 2006

Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, St. Michael's Bldg., University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, and Portsmouth Hospitals National Health Service Trust, UK PO1 2DT.

The ventilatory responses to immersion and changes in temperature are reviewed. A fall in skin temperature elicits a powerful cardiorespiratory response, termed "cold shock," comprising an initial gasp, hypertension, and hyperventilation despite a profound hypocapnia. The physiology and neural pathways of this are examined with data from original studies.

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