Single-Nucleus and Spatial Transcriptomics Revealing Host Response Differences Triggered by Mutated Virus in Severe Dengue.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes various disease manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic state to severe, life-threatening dengue. Despite intensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the abnormal host responses and severe disease symptoms caused by evolved DENV strains is not fully understood. First, the spatial structure of mutant DENV was compared via in silico molecular modeling analysis.

The Development of Animal Models for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection and Enhanced RSV Disease.

The development of immunoprophylactic products against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has resulted in notable advancements, leading to an increased demand for preclinical experiments and placing greater demands on animal models. Nevertheless, the field of RSV research continues to face the challenge of a lack of ideal animal models. Despite the demonstration of efficacy in animal studies, numerous RSV vaccine candidates have been unsuccessful in clinical trials, primarily due to the lack of suitable animal models.

Panobinostat Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice via Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Related Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease mediated by T helper cells, which is characterized by neuroinflammation, axonal or neuronal loss, demyelination, and astrocytic gliosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are noted for their roles in easing inflammatory conditions and suppressing the immune response. Panobinostat, an HDACi, is now being used in treating multiple myeloma.

Why does GLP-1 agonist combined with GIP and/or GCG agonist have greater weight loss effect than GLP-1 agonist alone in obese adults without type 2 diabetes?

Obesity is a chronic condition demanding effective treatment strategies, among which pharmacotherapy plays a critical role. As glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long-term weight management in adults with obesity, liraglutide and semaglutide have great weight loss effect through reducing food intake and delaying gastric emptying. The emergence of unimolecular polypharmacology, which utilizes single molecules to simultaneously target multiple receptors or pathways, marked a revolutionary improvement in GLP-1-based obesity pharmacotherapy.

Effect of high sensitivity C-reactive protein on uric acid-related cardiometabolic risk in patients with coronary artery disease-a large multicenter prospective study.

Although serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic outcome, but it remains unclear which patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) benefit the most from SUA lowering therapy (ULT). The association of SUA level, systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear. The current study is aimed to examine whether SUA-associated cardiometabolic risk is modulated by systemic inflammation in CAD patients.

N6-methyladenosine RNA modification promotes Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus infection.

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV), a novel bunyavirus primarily transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis, induces severe disease with a high mortality rate. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent internal chemical modification in eukaryotic mRNA that has been reported to regulate viral infection. However, the role of m6A modification during SFTSV infection remains elusive.

Small cell lung cancer with liver metastases: from underlying mechanisms to treatment strategies.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents an aggressive neuroendocrine (NE) tumor within the pulmonary region, characterized by very poor prognoses. Druggable targets for SCLC remain limited, thereby constraining treatment options available to patients. Immuno-chemotherapy has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic strategy for extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC), yet it fails to confer significant efficacy in cases involving liver metastases (LMs) originating from SCLC.

Electrical impedance tomography guided positive end-expiratory pressure titration in critically ill and surgical adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been used to titrate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). This study aims to develop a comprehensive view of the efficacy and long-term prognosis of EIT-guided PEEP compared to other conventional approaches in various clinical scenarios, including patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (hARF) and patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.

Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, from inception to July 30, 2023 (ARDS/hARF) and October 5, 2023 (surgery).

Identification of BMVC-8C3O as a novel Pks13 inhibitor with anti-tuberculosis activity.

Given the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), there is an urgent demand in developing novel anti-TB medications with highly effective, safe, and utilize innovative mechanisms of action. Blocking the mycolic acid synthesis pathway is well-established to be a significant strategy in developing anti-TB drugs, and Pks13 was identified as a crucial enzyme in this process. Importantly, the modes of action of recognized Pks13 inhibitors differ from traditional anti-TB medications, highlighting Pks13 as a potential and promising target in drug development within TB treatment.

SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Heart Failure: A Model-Based Meta-Analysis.

Aims: This study aimed to quantify the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a therapeutic approach for heart failure.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to collect pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) data on empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin. Population pharmacokinetic models were developed separately for each drug, along with PK/PD turnover models for SGLT2 inhibitors, to describe the time course of NT-proBNP and simulate its changes over 52 weeks.

A Study on the Inflammatory Response of the Brain in Neurosyphilis.

Neurosyphilis (NS) is a clinical condition caused by infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by Treponema pallidum (Tp) that can lead to asymptomatic meningitis and more serious neurological diseases, such as dementia and blindness. However, current studies on the pathogenesis of NS are limited. Here, through the integration analysis of proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics, Toll-like/NF-κB signaling is identified as the key pathway involved in CNS damage caused by Tp.

Development of a predictive model for systemic lupus erythematosus incidence risk based on environmental exposure factors.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by a loss of immune tolerance, affecting multiple organs and significantly impairing patients' health and quality of life. While hereditary elements are essential in the onset of SLE, external environmental influences are also significant. Currently, there are few predictive models for SLE that takes into account the impact of occupational and living environmental exposures.

An injectable epoxidized soybean oil/gelatin-based photothermal biogel with remarkable rapid hemostasis capability for wound repair.

The development of wound dressings with rapid hemostasis, antibacterial activity without the addition of antibiotics and on-demand removability that effectively avoid secondary damage to the wound during replacement still faces significant challenges. Herein, injectable epoxidized soybean oil/gelatin-based photothermal biogel with outstanding tissue adhesion, on-demand removability, shape-adaptability, and antibacterial performance is prepared as a removable wound dressing for wound repair. The biogel is composed of two types of hydrophilic/hydrophobic three-dimensional network structures, which interweave together through dynamic imine bonds, coordination bonds and numerous hydrogen bonds to synergistically improve injectability, self-healing, tissue adhesion, and compressive performance of the biogel.

Bridging the gap: advancing gender equality in medical research.

Introduction: Gender inequality in medical research persists globally, hindering scientific innovation and social equity. Despite incremental progress, women remain underrepresented in authorship, funding, and leadership roles. This review explores the extent of gender disparities, their impact, and strategies to advance equity in the field.

48-Year clinical experience and genetic analysis of pediatric primary hyperparathyroidism from a single center in China.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the clinical and genetic features and change of clinical spectrum of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children and adolescents.

Methods: The clinical and follow-up data of 74 pediatric patients (onset age ≤ 18 years) with PHPT during 1975-2022 were retrospectively analyzed. For comparison, patients were divided into four subgroups according to their time of diagnosis.

Identification of FBLL1 as a neuron-specific RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase mediating neuronal differentiation.

2'-O-methylation is one of the most prevalent RNA modifications found in different RNA types. However, the identities of enzymes participating in the transfer of methyl groups are not well defined. To date, fibrillarin (FBL) is the only known small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) 2'-O-methyltransferase.

Glycomic profiling of parathyroid neoplasms via lectin microarray analysis.

Purpose: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Diagnosis of PC is often difficult in clinical practice and efficient diagnostic markers are still needed for differential diagnosis. Aberrant glycosylations of glycoproteins were identified with lectin microarray in various cancers, while relevant information is lacking in PC.