Effect of Electronic Health Record Reminders for Routine Immunizations and Immunizations Needed for Chronic Medical Conditions.

Background: Immunization reminders in electronic health records (EHR) provide clinical decision support (CDS) that can reduce missed immunization opportunities. Little is known about using CDS rules from a regional immunization information system (IIS) to power local EHR immunization reminders.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of EHR reminders using regional IIS CDS-provided rules on receipt of immunizations in a low-income, urban population for both routine immunizations and those recommended for patients with chronic medical conditions (CMCs).

Quantitative EEG-Based Seizure Estimation in Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of seizure burden in patients with super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) by using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG).

Methods: EEG recordings from 69 patients with SRSE (2009-2019) were reviewed and annotated for seizures by three groups of reviewers: two board-certified neurophysiologists using only raw EEG (gold standard), two neurocritical care providers with substantial experience in qEEG analysis (qEEG experts), and two inexperienced qEEG readers (qEEG novices) using only a qEEG trend panel.

Results: Raw EEG experts identified 35 (51%) patients with seizures, accounting for 2950 seizures (3,126 min).

Trends in the Use of Minimally Invasive Adnexal Surgery in the United States.

Objective: To examine the utilization of minimally invasive adnexal surgery, including ovarian cystectomy and oophorectomy, among women with benign gynecologic diseases and compare the associated morbidity and mortality of minimally invasive and open surgery.

Methods: Women with benign ovarian pathology who underwent an ovarian cystectomy or oophorectomy from 2016 through 2018 in the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample and Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases were included. Patients with a diagnosis of gynecologic malignancy or concurrent hysterectomy were excluded.

Cholesterol efflux capacity and its association with prevalent metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic population (Dallas Heart Study).

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by adiposity and atherogenic dyslipidemia consisting of elevated triglyceride and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels however, cholesterol concentration alone does not reflect HDL functionality. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) captures a key anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL; studies linking CEC to MetS have yielded inconsistent findings and lacked racial/ethnic diversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CEC and MetS in a large multi-ethnic population utilizing two different CEC assays interrogating overlapping but distinct reverse cholesterol transport pathways.

Latent Class Analysis Reveals COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Subgroups with Differential Responses to Corticosteroids.

Two distinct subphenotypes have been identified in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the presence of subgroups in ARDS associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unknown. To identify clinically relevant, novel subgroups in COVID-19-related ARDS and compare them with previously described ARDS subphenotypes. Eligible participants were adults with COVID-19 and ARDS at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

Hearing Loss and Incident Dementia: Claims Data From the New York SPARCS Database.

Objective: Age-related hearing loss (HL) may be a risk factor for incident dementia. The objective was to use population-based claims data from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) to establish if HL is associated with incident dementia.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID).

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards.

Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lefamulin.

Lefamulin (Xenleta) has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). It may be taken intravenously or orally and has activity against a broad range of pulmonary pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Chlamydophila pneumonia, as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Lefamulin has an adverse effect profile that is similar to other antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat CABP.

Bariatric and metabolic endoscopy: impact on obesity and related comorbidities.

The global obesity pandemic is among the most significant public health crises today. Furthermore, obesity remains a major risk factor for many weight-related comorbid conditions including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and cancer. Endoscopic bariatric therapies are currently on the rise as a new tool in the fight against the obesity epidemic, offering patients an alternative to more invasive surgery and a more effective option than diet and lifestyle modifications.

Early Mobilization during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiopulmonary Failure in Adults: Factors Associated with Intensity of Treatment.

Early mobilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-supported patients is increasingly common, but it remains unknown whether there are factors predictive of achieving higher intensity mobilization among those able to participate in physical therapy. Additionally, data regarding the safety and feasibility of early mobilization with femoral cannulation, particularly ambulation, are sparse. To determine whether there are factors associated with achieving out-of-bed versus in-bed physical therapy in ECMO-supported patients participating in physical therapy, and whether mobilization with femoral cannulation is safe and feasible.

Diagnostic Coding of Elder Mistreatment: Results From a National Database of Medicare Advantage and Private Insurance Patients, 2011-2017.

Health care providers may play an important role in detection of elder mistreatment, which is common but underrecognized. We used the Health Care Cost Institute insurance claims database to describe elder mistreatment diagnosis among Medicare Advantage (MA) and private insurance patients in the United States from 2011 to 2017. We used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding to identify cases, examining the impact of transition from ICD-9 (Ninth Revision) to ICD-10 (Tenth Revision), which occurred in October 2015 and added 14 new codes for "suspected" mistreatment.

Tumor subtype defines distinct pathways of molecular and clinical progression in primary prostate cancer.

BACKGROUNDMolecular characterization of prostate cancer (PCa) has revealed distinct subclasses based on underlying genomic alterations occurring early in the natural history of the disease. However, how these early alterations influence subsequent molecular events and the course of the disease over its long natural history remains unclear.METHODSWe explored the molecular and clinical progression of different genomic subtypes of PCa using distinct tumor lineage models based on human genomic and transcriptomic data.

Educational Value of Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Ear Surgery.

Objective: To compare the educational value of endoscopic ear surgery versus microscopic ear surgery among medical students.

Methods: Medical students anonymously completed a cross-sectional survey immediately after observing endoscopic or microscopic ear surgery. A Likert scale (1 = worst, 5 = best) was used to analyze variables across 3 domains including: (1) area of interest visibility, (2) optical quality, (3) education and understanding.

Measurable residual disease as a biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia: theoretical and practical considerations.

Several methodologies that rely on the detection of immunophenotypic or molecular abnormalities of the neoplastic cells are now available to quantify measurable ("minimal") residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the perfect MRD test does not (yet) exist, the strong association between MRD and adverse patient outcomes has provided the impetus to use measures of MRD as biomarker in the routine care of AML patients and during clinical trials. MRD test results may inform the selection of postremission therapy in some patients but evidence supporting the use of MRD as predictive biomarker is still limited.

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of CD19-selected cells: Utility in detecting disease in post-therapy samples of B-cell neoplasms.

Context: The detection of low-level persistent or relapsed B-cell neoplasms, particularly post-therapy, can be challenging, often requiring multiple testing modalities.

Objective: Here we investigate the utility of CD19-based selection of neoplastic B-cells (CD19S) as an enrichment strategy to improve the detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities in post-therapy samples of B-cell neoplasms, especially those with low-level disease.

Design: In a cohort largely comprised of post-therapy B-ALL and CLL samples, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on CD19-selected cells (CD19S FISH) in 128 specimens from 88 patients, and on non-selected cells (NS FISH) in a subset of cases.

Pediatric Ambulatory Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Inpatient pediatric central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) cause morbidity and increased health care use. Minimal information exists for ambulatory CLABSIs despite ambulatory central line (CL) use in children. In this study, we identified ambulatory pediatric CLABSI incidence density, risk factors, and outcomes.

Metformin-induced weight loss in patients with or without type 2 diabetes/prediabetes: A retrospective cohort study.

It is unknown whether weight loss outcomes differ with metformin monotherapy in patients with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM)/prediabetes (PreDM). In this retrospective study, 6- or 12-month weight loss outcomes were compared in 222 patients with or without T2DM/preDM who completed metformin monotherapy. Average weight loss was similar between groups, euglycemic vs.

Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID-19 Data From The Laryngoscope.

Objectives: During a public health crisis, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer-review process. This review reports and analyzes The Laryngoscope's publication trends and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, before the COVID-19 pandemic, and during previous pandemics.

Methods: Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope) was performed.

American Neurotology Society, American Otological Society, and American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Foundation Guide to Enhance Otologic and Neurotologic Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

: This combined American Neurotology Society, American Otological Society, and American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation document aims to provide guidance during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) on 1) "priority" of care for otologic and neurotologic patients in the office and operating room, and 2) optimal utilization of personal protective equipment. Given the paucity of evidence to inform otologic and neurotologic best practices during COVID-19, the recommendations herein are based on relevant peer-reviewed articles, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 guidelines, United States and international hospital policies, and expert opinion. The suggestions presented here are not meant to be definitive, and best practices will undoubtedly change with increasing knowledge and high-quality data related to COVID-19.

Author Correction: FOXA1 mutations alter pioneering activity, differentiation and prostate cancer phenotypes.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Worldwide Diagnostic Reference Levels for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Findings From INCAPS.

Objectives: This study sought to establish worldwide and regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable administered activities (AAAs) for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Background: Reference levels serve as radiation dose benchmarks to compare individual laboratories against aggregated data, helping to identify sites in greatest need of dose reduction interventions. DRLs for SPECT MPI have previously been derived from national or regional registries.