Sexual Health and Sexual Quality of Life Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury in Latin America.

Background: Sexual changes are an area of primary concern for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their partners, but the topic has gone largely unexplored in the research literature.

Objectives: This study examined how individuals with SCI in Latin America experience their sexuality and what issues they and their partners face in this area.

Methods: A total of 248 individuals with SCI from Latin America completed an online 60-item survey regarding sexuality.

Community selected strategies to reduce opioid-related overdose deaths in the HEALing (Helping to End Addiction Long-term ) communities study.

Unlabelled: The Helping End Addictions Long Term (HEALing) Communities Study (HCS) seeks to significantly reduce overdose deaths in 67 highly impacted communities in Kentucky (KY), Massachusetts (MA), New York (NY), and Ohio (OH) by implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) to reduce overdose deaths. The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA) organizes EBP strategies under three menus: Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND), Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), and Safer Prescribing and Dispensing Practices (SPDP). The ORCCA sets requirements for strategy selection but allows flexibility to address community needs.

Gradient boosting decision-tree-based algorithm with neuroimaging for personalized treatment in depression.

Introduction: Pretreatment positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may identify biomarkers for predicting remission (absence of depression). Yet, no such image-based biomarkers have achieved clinical validity. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of remission using machine learning (ML) with pretreatment FDG-PET/MRS neuroimaging, to reduce patient suffering and economic burden from ineffective trials.

A Survey of Behavioral Health Care Providers on Use and Barriers to Use of Measurement-Based Care.

Objective: Despite robust evidence for efficacy of measurement-based care (MBC) in behavioral health care, studies suggest that adoption of MBC is limited in practice. A survey from Blue Cross-Blue Shield of North Carolina was sent to behavioral health care providers (BHCPs) about their use of MBC, beliefs about MBC, and perceived barriers to its adoption.

Methods: The authors distributed the survey by using professional networks and snowball sampling.

Earlier Sexual Debut and Exchange Sex among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan.

Limited research has examined prevalence rates and associations related to exchange sex behaviors among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to examine associations between earlier sexual debuts and lifetime exchange sex behaviors among Kazakhstani MSM. Using data from a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention trial, we conducted a secondary analysis of self-reported data from 766 adult cisgender MSM in Kazakhstan, who completed structured screening interviews.

Coping Strategies and Symptoms of Mental Health Disorders Among People with HIV Initiating HIV Care in Cameroon.

Little is known about the coping strategies used among people with HIV (PWH), especially in sub-Saharan Africa, and the extent to which adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies are associated with symptoms of mental health disorders. We interviewed 426 PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon and reported the prevalence of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, overall and by presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Log binominal regression was used to estimate the association between each type of coping strategy (adaptive or maladaptive) and symptoms of each mental health disorder, separately.

Examining Stigmatizing Beliefs about PrEP Use among Black Sexual Minority Men: A Test of Explanatory Mechanisms.

Stigma often is cited as a barrier to the uptake and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV among Black sexual minority men (SMM). Socialized gender norms (i.e.

Mental Health, ART Adherence, and Viral Suppression Among Adolescents and Adults Living with HIV in South Africa: A Cohort Study.

We followed adolescents and adults living with HIV aged older than 15 years who enrolled in a South African private-sector HIV programme to examine adherence and viral non-suppression (viral load > 400 copies/mL) of participants with (20,743, 38%) and without (33,635, 62%) mental health diagnoses. Mental health diagnoses were associated with unfavourable adherence patterns. The risk of viral non-suppression was higher among patients with organic mental disorders [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.

The Pilot Test of a Cross-Systems Behavioral Health Treatment Referral and Linkage Intervention for Youth on Probation.

Despite high rates of substance use, youth involved in the juvenile justice system are unlikely to be linked to the treatment services they need. Family Connect is a flexible, family-focused, linkage intervention developed to address multilevel barriers and increase youth engagement in care through the introduction of a linkage specialist. We describe the components of Family Connect and present findings from the intervention pilot test comparing 18 youth-caregiver dyads to 95 historical controls on referral, attending intake and initiating treatment.

Associations of Neighborhood Opportunity and Social Vulnerability With Trajectories of Childhood Body Mass Index and Obesity Among US Children.

Importance: Physical and social neighborhood attributes may have implications for children's growth and development patterns. The extent to which these attributes are associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories and obesity risk from childhood to adolescence remains understudied.

Objective: To examine associations of neighborhood-level measures of opportunity and social vulnerability with trajectories of BMI and obesity risk from birth to adolescence.

Comorbidity and healthcare utilization in patients with treatment resistant depression: A large-scale retrospective cohort analysis using electronic health records.

Background: Medical comorbidity and healthcare utilization in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) is usually reported in convenience samples, making estimates unreliable. There is only limited large-scale clinical research on comorbidities and healthcare utilization in TRD patients.

Methods: Electronic Health Record data from over 3.

Resting-State Connectivity and Response to Psychotherapy Treatment in Adolescents and Adults With OCD: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: Cortical-subcortical hyperconnectivity related to affective-behavioral integration and cortical network hypoconnectivity related to cognitive control have been demonstrated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); the study objective was to examine whether these connectivity patterns predict treatment response.

Methods: Adolescents (ages 12-17) and adults (ages 24-45) were randomly assigned to 12 sessions of exposure and response prevention (ERP) or stress management therapy (SMT), an active control. Before treatment, resting-state connectivity of ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC), cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, and subcortical regions was assessed with functional MRI.

COVID-19 complications among patients with opioid use disorder: a retrospective cohort study across five major NYC hospital systems.

Background And Aims: Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) suffer disproportionately from COVID-19. To inform clinical management of OUD patients, research is needed to identify characteristics associated with COVID-19 progression and death among this population. We aimed to investigate the role of OUD and specific comorbidities on COVID-19 progression among hospitalized OUD patients.

Fentanyl withdrawal: Understanding symptom severity and exploring the role of body mass index on withdrawal symptoms and clearance.

Background And Aims: Fentanyl is a highly lipophilic mu opioid receptor agonist, increasingly found in heroin and other drug supplies, that is contributing to marked increases in opioid-related overdose and may be complicating treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). This study aimed to measure the influence of body mass index (BMI) on fentanyl withdrawal and clearance.

Design, Setting, Participants: This secondary analysis, from a 10-day inpatient study on the safety and efficacy of sublingual dexmedetomidine for opioid withdrawal, includes participants with OUD (n = 150) recruited from three sites in New York, New Jersey and Florida, who were maintained on oral morphine (30 mg four times per day) for 5 days before starting study medication.

Past Experiences and Anticipated Futures in the Lives of Transgender and Nonbinary People.

Transgender and nonbinary people's life experiences are highly heterogenous and shaped by broader structural and cultural forces. We analyze experiences identified on lifeline interviews from 87 transgender and nonbinary adults in Atlanta, New York City, and San Francisco. We find that the type, timing, and relative importance of these experiences varied across categories.

Prediction Tool for Individual Outcome Trajectories Across the Next Year in First-Episode Psychosis in Coordinated Specialty Care.

Importance: In coordinated specialty care (CSC) settings for people with a first episode of psychosis, the development of reliable, validated individual-level prediction tools for key outcomes may be informative for shared clinician and client decision-making.

Objective: To develop an individual-level prediction tool using machine-learning methods that predicts a trajectory of education/work status or psychiatric hospitalization outcomes over a client's next year of quarterly follow-up assessments. Additionally, to visualize these predictions in a way that is informative to clinicians and clients.

Mass murders involving firearms and other methods in school, college, and university settings: Findings from the Columbia Mass Murder Database.

While mass murders involving academic settings, especially using firearms, are of grave, growing public concern, identifying consistent patterns to aid prevention has proved challenging. Although some characteristics, such as male sex, have been routinely associated with these events, another hypothesized risk factor, severe mental illness, has been less reliably predictive. We isolated cases of mass murder perpetrated at least in part at schools, colleges, and universities from the Columbia Mass Murder Database (CMDD) and categorized them by location (within or outside of the US), and whether firearms were used.

Cannabis use selectively modulates circulating biomarkers in the blood of schizophrenia patients.

Cannabis use disorder is frequent in schizophrenia patients, and it is associated with an earlier age of onset and poor schizophrenia prognosis. Serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2AR) have been involved in psychosis and, like Akt kinase, are known to be modulated by THC. Likewise, endocannabinoid system dysregulation has been suggested in schizophrenia.

Selfie Videos to Reduce Stigma and Increase Treatment Seeking Among Youths: Two Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: Confronting stigma early in life could enhance treatment seeking. In two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one focused on psychosis and the other on adolescent depression, the efficacy and equivalence of brief social contact-based videos were evaluated and compared with a control condition. The outcomes of interest were changes in illness-related stigma and treatment-seeking intention.

Under-representation of key demographic groups in opioid use disorder trials.

Background: The extent to which clinical trials of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are representative or not is unknown. Some patient characteristics modify MOUD effectiveness; if these same characteristics differ in distribution between the trial population and usual-care population, this could contribute to lack of generalizability-a discrepancy between trial and usual-care effectiveness. Our objective was to identify interpretable, multidimensional subgroups who were prescribed MOUD in substance use treatment programs in the US but who were not represented or under-represented by clinical trial participants.

Hearing Loss Among People With Schizophrenia: Implications for Clinical Practice.

Objective: The authors characterized hearing loss among individuals diagnosed as having schizophrenia to inform provision of routine behavioral health services to this population.

Methods: Audiometry data collected between October 2019 and December 2021 from 84 community-dwelling adults with schizophrenia and 81 age-matched participants without the condition were analyzed. Rates of hearing loss were identified within groups and across age decades (20-50 years).

National trends in metabolic risk of psychiatric inpatients in the United States during the atypical antipsychotic era.

Although the cardiometabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics have been well-described in clinical samples, less is known about the longer-term impacts of these treatments. We report rates of metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of U.S.

Coding mechanisms for diagnosis timing in the International Classification of Diseases, Version 11.

Background: Diagnoses that arise after admission are of interest because they can represent complications of health care, acute conditions arising de novo, or acute decompensation of a chronic comorbidity occurring during the hospital stay. Three countries in the world have adopted diagnosis timing codes for a number of years. Their experience demonstrates the feasibility and utility of associating an International Classification of Diseases, Version 9 or International Classification of Diseases, Version 10 diagnostic code with information on diagnosis timing, either as part of a diagnostic field or as a separate field.

Religiosity and Stigmatization Related to Mental Illness Among African Americans and Black Immigrants: Cross-Sectional Observational Study and Moderation Analysis.

Stigma about mental illness is a known barrier to engagement in mental health services. We conducted an online cross-sectional study, aiming to estimate the associations between religiosity and mental illness stigma among Black adults ( n = 269, ages 18-65 years) in the United States. After adjusting for demographic factors (age, education, and ethnicity), respondents with higher attendance at religious services or greater engagement in religious activities ( e.