Addressing Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: The Role of Exercise and Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation.

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are highly prevalent conditions, causing over 4 million deaths every year and representing a major source of physical, psychological, and occupational disability [...

Multitarget Effects of Nrf2 Signalling in the Brain: Common and Specific Functions in Different Cell Types.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial regulator of cellular defence mechanisms, essential for maintaining the brain's health. Nrf2 supports mitochondrial function and protects against oxidative damage, which is vital for meeting the brain's substantial energy and antioxidant demands. Furthermore, Nrf2 modulates glial inflammatory responses, playing a pivotal role in preventing neuroinflammation.

Spermidine Enhances Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Young and Aged Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons.

The accumulation of damaged mitochondria has long been considered a hallmark of the aging process. Among various factors, age-related mitochondrial alterations comprise bioenergetic impairments and disturbances in reactive oxygen species (ROS) control, thereby negatively affecting mitochondrial performance and ultimately accelerating aging. Previous studies have revealed that polyamine spermidine appears to exert health-protective and lifespan-promoting effects.

The Effect of Leaf Extract on C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation and Redox Status Under Oxidative Insult.

Skeletal muscle tissue can regenerate after damage through the action of satellite cells, which proliferate as myoblasts when activated. Oxidative stress, marked by high rates of reactive oxygen species (e.g.

Brain-Periphery Axes: The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles-Delivered miRNAs.

Bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs and tissue has been widely documented in physiological and pathological conditions. This communication relies on the bilateral transmission of signaling molecules and substances that circulate throughout the body and reach their target site(s) via the blood and other biological fluids (e.g.

Immune-Inflammatory Response in Lifespan-What Role Does It Play in Extreme Longevity? A Sicilian Semi- and Supercentenarians Study.

Studying models of healthy aging and exceptional longevity is crucial to understanding a possible longevity signature, as most show resistance to age-related diseases. In particular, semi- and supercentenarians are a highly selected group, having survived significant adversities, including the Spanish flu and COVID-19 pandemics, indicating distinctive immune system characteristics. This paper analyzes the inflammatory scores (INFLA-score, Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI)) and Aging-Related Immune Phenotype (ARIP) indicators calculated from the dataset of the DESIGN project, including 249 participants aged 19-111 years, aiming to understand the immune-inflammatory (IMFLAM) role in achieving longevity.

Circadian Regulation in Diurnal Mammals: Neural Mechanisms and Implications in Translational Research.

Diurnal and nocturnal mammals have evolved unique behavioral and physiological adaptations to optimize survival for their day- or night-active lifestyle. The mechanisms underlying the opposite activity patterns are not fully understood but likely involve the interplay between the circadian time-keeping system and various arousal- or sleep-promoting factors, e.g.

Willing but Unable: Moral Distress and Burnout in Italian Veterinarians Working with Companion and Farm Animals.

Veterinarians face ethical challenges during their careers, but despite evidence of work-related stress and burnout in veterinarians, moral distress has been poorly investigated. Using an online survey, professional experience, moral distress, and burnout were investigated in 704 Italian veterinarians caring for companion animals, farm animals, or both. The reliability of the moral distress questionnaire was optimal, and Factor analysis identified four factors for moral distress: I.

Assessment of Replicability and Efforts to Refine an Operant Conditioning Procedure for Larval Zebrafish.

The zebrafish model is rapidly advancing numerous areas of basic and translational research, including toxicology, drug discovery, molecular genetics, genomic research, developmental biology, and the study of human diseases (reviewed in [...

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Clinical Superficial Ovine Caseous Lymphadenitis.

Caseous lymphadenitis is an infectious disease that has a significant economic impact on sheep breeding. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of season, animals' age, sex, body score and shearing on the clinical incidence of caseous lymphadenitis, relapses and abscess location in sheep from Settat province, Morocco. In this longitudinal study, 274 clinically healthy sheep were recruited in six flocks among 1451 inspected sheep and followed during 12 months to cover four seasons.

Embryonic Thermal Programming and Dietary Baicalein Supplementation Post-Hatch: Effects on Broiler Adipose Tissue Deposition.

Optimization of growth performance and fat metabolism in broilers are critical for meat quality and overall production efficiency. This experiment investigated the effects of dietary baicalein supplementation and embryonic heat conditioning (EHC) on the growth performance and adipose tissue metabolism of 10-day old broilers. Fertile eggs were divided into control and EHC groups, with EHC eggs exposed to intermittent heating (39.

Senescent brain cell types in Alzheimer's disease: Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Cellular senescence is a cell state triggered by programmed physiological processes or cellular stress responses. Stress-induced senescent cells often acquire pathogenic traits, including a toxic secretome and resistance to apoptosis. When pathogenic senescent cells form faster than they are cleared by the immune system, they accumulate in tissues throughout the body and contribute to age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration.

Characteristics of older patients undergoing surgery in the UK: SNAP-3, a snapshot observational study.

Background: Frailty and multimorbidity are common in older adults, but the prevalence and interaction of these conditions in surgical patients remain unclear. This study describes the clinical characteristics of a heterogeneous cohort of older UK surgical patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study during 5 days in March 2022, aiming to recruit all UK patients aged 60 yr and older undergoing surgery, excluding minor procedures (e.

High percentage of immune Th1 and Tc1 cells infiltrating visceral adipose tissue in people with obesity.

Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue dysfunction during the obesity onset can lead to increased expression of inflammatory molecules, and consequently to immune cell infiltration. The aim was to deeply characterize the T cells, those infiltrating SAT and VAT, compared to peripheral blood (PB), in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. Forty-two adult individuals were recruited, SAT and VAT samples were collected.

Advances and applications of peripheral optogenetics in animal models.

Peripheral optogenetics is an emerging neuromodulation technique that regulates the activity of the nervous system outside the brain through the expression of photosensitive proteins and the application of photic stimulation. This article reviews recent advances in applying optogenetics to the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, offering a comprehensive understanding of functions and regulatory mechanisms of the peripheral nervous system through the modulation of specific neuronal activities. By showcasing novel opportunities for disease treatment, this technique opens new avenues in the field of psychophysiological research and neural regulation therapy.

Chronic cannabis use differentially modulates neural oscillations serving the manipulate versus maintain components of working memory processing.

The legalization of recreational cannabis use has expanded the availability of this psychoactive substance in the United States. Research has shown that chronic cannabis use is associated with altered working memory function, however, the brain areas and neural dynamics underlying these affects remain poorly understood. In this study, we leveraged magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate neurophysiological activity in 45 participants (22 heavy cannabis users) during a numerical WM task, whereby participants were asked to either maintain or manipulate (i.

Neuronal cell type specific roles for Nprl2 in neurodevelopmental disorder-relevant behaviors.

Loss of function in the subunits of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Rags-1 (GATOR1) complex, an amino-acid sensitive negative regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), is implicated in both genetic familial epilepsies and NDDs (Baldassari et al., 2018). Previous studies have found seizure phenotypes and increased activity resulting from conditional deletion of GATOR1 function from forebrain excitatory neurons (Yuskaitis et al.

Multiple mechanisms of action for an extremely painful venom.

Evolutionary arms races can lead to extremely specific and effective defense mechanisms, including venoms that deter predators by targeting nociceptive (pain-sensing) pathways. The venom of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) is notoriously painful. It has been described as "Explosive and long lasting, you sound insane as you scream.

Recurrent activity propagates through labile ensembles in macaque dorsolateral prefrontal microcircuits.

Human and non-human primate studies clearly implicate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as critical for advanced cognitive functions. It is thought that intracortical synaptic architectures within the dlPFC are the integral neurobiological substrate that gives rise to these processes. In the prevailing model, each cortical column makes up one fundamental processing unit composed of dense intrinsic connectivity, conceptualized as the "canonical" cortical microcircuit.

Parenting: How caregiving experience refines sensory integration.

Pup odors and vocalizations integrate in the auditory cortex. A new study reveals that odor information is relayed to the auditory cortex by the basal amygdala and the activity of this projection enhances sound responses in females with pup experience.

The multi-dimensional stigma of chronic pain: A narrative review.

Accumulating evidence suggests that stigma is a pervasive and pernicious psychosocial phenomenon that affects people living with chronic pain. In this narrative review, we describe the nature of stigma experienced by people with chronic pain and discuss its multifaceted determinants. These determinants include features of pain itself and intersectional factors, including comorbid conditions and social marginalization.

Schizotypal dimensions by migrant status in the general population: An exploratory study.

Migrant status and ethnic minority background have been associated with increased risk for psychosis. However, it remains unclear if such association exists with subclinical forms of psychosis. In two general population samples, totaling 460 subjects, we investigated whether migrant status and/or ethnicity predict self-reported positive, negative and/or disorganized dimensions of psychosis (as measured by the SPQ-B).