Non-invasive volumetric ultrasound localization microscopy detects vascular changes in mice with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and one of the leading causes of death. AD is known to be correlated to tortuosity in the microvasculature as well as decreases in blood flow throughout the brain. However, the mechanisms behind these changes and their causal relation to AD are poorly understood.

Gestalt, Navon and Kanizsa illusion processing in CVI, ADHD, and dyslexia Children with Normal verbal IQ.

Introduction: Global Visual Selective Attention (VSA) is the ability to integrate multiple visual elements of a scene to achieve visual overview. This is essential for navigating crowded environments and recognizing objects or faces. Clinical pediatric research on global VSA deficits primarily focuses on autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Hemorrhagic Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) as a First Presentation of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD): A Case Report and Literature Review.

Here we present a rare case of hemorrhagic longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) as a first presentation of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Even though the patient received aggressive treatment, he showed no significant improvement. Our case highlights the importance of prompt intervention in the case of hemorrhagic myelitis and the diagnostic challenges of hemorrhagic LETM.

Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Calciphylaxis in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Calciphylaxis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that is not yet completely understood. It occurs mainly in patients with chronic kidney disease termed calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) but also affects patients with normal renal function. Although this disease's pathogenesis is unclear, it is associated with the dysregulation of calcium and phosphate and subsequent calcification of peripheral arterioles.

Secondary insults prevalence, co-occurrence and relationship with outcome after severe TBI.

Introduction: Secondary insults due to high intracranial pressure (ICP), low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and impaired cerebral pressure reactivity (PRx) predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Question: What is the prevalence, co-occurrence and prognostic importance of secondary insults due to deranged ICP, CPP or PRx after TBI.

Material And Methods: Severe TBI patients requiring ICP monitoring were included.

ProxiMO: Proximal Multi-operator Networks for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is a technique that derives tissue magnetic susceptibility distributions from phase measurements obtained through Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging. This involves solving an ill-posed dipole inversion problem, however, and thus time-consuming and cumbersome data acquisition from several distinct head orientations becomes necessary to obtain an accurate solution. Most recent (supervised) deep learning methods for single-phase QSM require training data obtained via multiple orientations.

Photodynamic therapy-induced precise attenuation of light-targeted semicircular canals for treating intractable vertigo.

Vertigo is a common symptom of various diseases that affects a large number of people worldwide. Current leading treatments for intractable peripheral vertigo are to intratympanically inject ototoxic drugs such as gentamicin to attenuate the semicircular canal function but inevitably cause hearing injury. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach by precisely targeting the diseased tissue.

Lessons learned in delayed identification of a misplaced electrode array in the vestibule.

To report a case of cochlear implantation with a misplaced electrode array in the vestibule and the causes for the delay in identification. A 23-year-old male with left single-sided deafness underwent cochlear implantation. The intraoperative assessment did not reveal any major red flags of electrode array misplacement.

Jaak Panksepp's primary emotions are associated with Diener's global life satisfaction: How low arousal of the SADNESS/separation distress system could form the core of life satisfaction?

We compared Ed Diener's (SWLS), which was designed as a purely cognitive measure of global life satisfaction, with the , which provides self-report measures of Panksepp's six primary emotions (excluding LUST), in two English-speaking samples: a main sample and a hold-out validation sample. Our data showed robust negative correlations between higher satisfaction with life and lower FEAR, lower SADNESS/Separation Distress, and positive associations (albeit less strong) between higher satisfaction with life and higher PLAY and SEEKING in both samples. The relationships between the SWLS and at least four of Panksepp's primary emotions suggest Diener's SWLS is not purely cognitive and includes a strong affective component.

Who will benefit from vorasidenib? Review of data from the literature and open questions.

The clinical efficacy of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors in the treatment of patients with grade 2 IDH-mutant (mIDH) gliomas is a significant therapeutic advancement in neuro-oncology. It expands treatment options beyond traditional radiation therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, which may lead to significant long-term neurotoxic effects while extending patient survival. The INDIGO study demonstrated that vorasidenib, a pan-mIDH inhibitor, improved progression-free survival for patients with grade 2 mIDH gliomas following surgical resection or biopsy compared to placebo and was well tolerated.

Role of the tumor board when prescribing mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors to patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas, comprising both astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, represent a distinct group of tumors that pose an interdisciplinary challenge. Addressing the needs of affected patients requires close collaboration among various disciplines, including neuropathology, neuroradiology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, neurology, medical oncology, and other relevant specialties when necessary. Interdisciplinary tumor boards are central in determining the ideal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these patients.

How do I prescribe and manage mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant glioma?

Recent interest has been in using mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. This review paper summarizes the indications, side effects, recommended dosing, and management for patients on ivosidenib and vorasidenib.

Financial challenges of being on long-term, high-cost medications.

The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor, vorasidenib, may offer a promising new treatment option for patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. However, the indefinite nature of this targeted therapy raises significant financial concerns. High costs of targeted cancer therapies, often exceeding $150 000 annually, contribute to financial toxicity, characterized by medical debt, income loss, and psychological stress, and place stress on health systems.

Interventions to Reduce Discrimination and Stigma: The State of the Art.

Background: There is a rich literature on the nature of mental health-related stigma and the processes by which it severely affects the life chances of people with mental health problems. However, applying this knowledge to deliver and evaluate interventions to reduce discrimination and stigma in a lasting way is a complex and long-term challenge.

Methods: We conducted a narrative synthesis of systematic reviews published since 2012, and supplemented this with papers published subsequently as examples of more recent work.

Neuroimaging Augments DCD-N Score in Predicting Time from Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Measures to Death Among Potential Organ Donors.

Background: Controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD) is feasible only if circulatory arrest occurs soon after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures (WLSM). When organ recovery cannot proceed because this time interval is too long, there are potential negative implications, including perceptions of "secondary loss" for patients' families and significant resource consumption. The DCD-N score is a validated clinical tool for predicting rapid death following WLSM.

The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Decision on Withdrawal of Life-sustaining Treatments in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Socioeconomic status affects outcomes in cerebrovascular disease, although its role in the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments (WLST) remains uncertain. We aim to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors on outcomes including WLST in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a cohort of consecutive patients with aSAH who were admitted to an academic center from 2016 to 2023.

Sedation Practices in Mechanically Ventilated Neurocritical Care Patients from 19 Countries: An International Cohort Study.

Background: Our objective was to characterize the impact of common initial sedation practices on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration and in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute brain injury (ABI) and to elucidate variations in practices between high-income and middle-income countries.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational data registry of neurocritically ill patients requiring IMV. The setting included 73 intensive care units (ICUs) in 18 countries, with a total of 1,450 patients with ABI requiring IMV.

Impact of Country Income Level on Outcomes in Patients with Acute Brain Injury Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Secondary Analysis of the ENIO Study.

Background: Invasive mechanical ventilation can present complex challenges for patients with acute brain injury (ABI) in middle-income countries (MICs). We characterized the impact of country income level on weaning strategies and outcomes in patients with ABI.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on a registry of critically ill patients with ABI admitted to 73 intensive care units (ICUs) in 18 countries from 2018 to 2020.

Contralateral Neurovascular Coupling in Patients with Ischemic Stroke After Endovascular Thrombectomy.

Background: Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to the process of aligning cerebral blood flow with neuronal metabolic demand. This study explores the potential of contralateral NVC-linking neural electrical activity on the stroke side with cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) on the contralesional side-as a marker of physiological function of the brain. Our aim was to examine the association between contralateral NVC and neurological outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke following endovascular thrombectomy.

Posttranscriptional Control of Neural Progenitors Temporal Dynamics During Neocortical Development by Syncrip.

The development of the mammalian neocortex is precisely regulated by temporal gene expression, yet the temporal regulatory mechanisms of cortical neurogenesis, particularly how radial glial cells (RGCs) sequentially generate deep to superficial neurons, remain unclear. Here, the hnRNP family member Syncrip (hnRNP Q) is identified as a key modulator of superficial neuronal differentiation in neocortical neurogenesis. Syncrip knockout in RGCs disrupts differentiation and abnormal neuronal localization, ultimately resulting in superficial cortical layer defects as well as learning and memory impairments in mice.

The etiology and prevention of early-stage tau pathology in higher cortical circuits: Insights from aging rhesus macaques.

Aging rhesus macaques provide a unique model for learning how age and inflammation drive early-stage pathology in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, and for testing potential therapeutics. Unlike mice, aging macaques have extensive association cortices and inflammatory signaling similar to humans, are apolipoprotein E ε4 homozygotes, and naturally develop tau and amyloid pathology with marked cognitive deficits. Importantly, monkeys provide the unique opportunity to study early-stage, soluble hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), including p-tau217.