Building on the clinical applicability of ctDNA analysis in non-metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma represents one of the solid tumors showing the worst prognosis worldwide, with a high recurrence rate after adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Circulating tumor DNA analysis raised as a promising non-invasive tool to characterize tumor genomics and to assess treatment response. In this study, surgical tumor tissue and sequential blood samples were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics.

An update on endotoxin neutralization strategies in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Introduction: Gram-negative bacterial infections represent still a severe problem of human health care, regarding the increase in multi-resistance against classical antibiotics and the lack of newly developed antimicrobials. For the fight against these germs, anti-infective agents must overcome and/or bind to the Gram-negative outer membrane consisting of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) outer leaflet and an inner leaflet from phospholipids, with additional peripheral or integral membrane proteins (OMP's).

Areas Covered: The current article reviews data of existing therapeutic options and summarizes newer approaches for targeting and neutralizing endotoxins, ranging from in vitro over in vivo animal data to clinical applications by using databases such as Medline.

Correction to: Liquid biopsy in oncology: a consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology.

The article Liquid biopsy in oncology.

Liquid biopsy in oncology: a consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology.

The proportion of cancer patients with tumours that harbour a potentially targetable genomic alteration is growing considerably. The diagnosis of these genomic alterations can lead to tailored treatment at the onset of disease or on progression and to obtaining additional predictive information on immunotherapy efficacy. However, in up to 25% of cases, the initial tissue biopsy is inadequate for precision oncology and, in many cases, tumour genomic profiling at progression is not possible due to technical limitations of obtaining new tumour tissue specimens.

Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions in acute geriatric wards: A systematic review.

Objective: To review the evidence on the effectiveness of specific occupational therapy programs in elderly people hospitalized for acute medical pathology.

Materials And Methods: Relevant randomized clinical trials were selected by searching the main bibliographic databases to evaluate the effectiveness of in-hospital occupational therapy interventions for people aged 65 years and over who were hospitalized for acute medical pathology.

Results: Six studies were finally selected.

Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment in an older population with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-plus study.

This study cross-sectionally examines in the elderly population: (a) the association of type 2 diabetes with executive function (EF); (b) the effect of BMI on both type 2 diabetes and EF; (c) the association between glycaemia control and EF in type 2 diabetes. 6823 older individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome participating in the PREDIMED-PLUS study, were assessed with a battery of cognitive tests and a medical interview. ANOVA showed a significantly worse performance on EF in type 2 diabetes vs.

Cyclodextrin-grafted poly(anhydride) nanoparticles for oral glibenclamide administration. In vivo evaluation using C. elegans.

The aim of this work was to prepare and evaluate cyclodextrins-modified poly(anhydride) nanoparticles to enhance the oral administration of glibenclamide. A conjugate polymer was synthesized by incorporating hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to the backbone of poly(methylvinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) via Steglich reaction. The degree of substitution of anhydride rings by cyclodextrins molecules was calculated to be 4.

The sVEGFR1-i13 splice variant regulates a β1 integrin/VEGFR autocrine loop involved in the progression and the response to anti-angiogenic therapies of squamous cell lung carcinoma.

Background: While lung adenocarcinoma patients can somewhat benefit from anti-angiogenic therapies, patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma (SQLC) cannot. The reasons for this discrepancy remain largely unknown. Soluble VEGF receptor-1, namely sVEGFR1-i13, is a truncated splice variant of the cell membrane-spanning VEGFR1 that has no transmembrane or tyrosine kinase domain.

Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid induces fat loss in C. elegans in an omega-3-independent manner by promoting peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation.

Bioactive compounds, including some fatty acids (FAs), can induce beneficial effects on body fat-content and metabolism. In this work, we have used C. elegans as a model to examine the effects of several FAs on body fat accumulation.

Characterizing Gemcitabine Effects Administered as Single Agent or Combined with Carboplatin in Mice Pancreatic and Ovarian Cancer Xenografts: A Semimechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamics Tumor Growth-Response Model.

In this work, a semimechanistic tumor growth-response model for gemcitabine in pancreatic (administered as single agent) and ovarian (given as single agent and in combination with carboplatin) cancer in mice was developed. Tumor profiles were obtained from nude mice, previously inoculated with KP4, ASPC1, MIA PACA2, PANC1 (pancreas), A2780, or SKOV3×luc (ovarian) cell lines, and then treated with different dosing schedules of gemcitabine and/or carboplatin. Data were fitted using the population approach with Nonlinear Mixed Effect Models 7.

Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Study.

It has been estimated that at least a third of the most common cancers are related to lifestyle and as such are preventable. Key modifiable lifestyle factors have been individually associated with cancer risk; however, less is known about the combined effects of these factors. This study generated a healthy lifestyle index score (HLIS) to investigate the joint effect of modifiable factors on the risk of overall cancers, alcohol-related cancers, tobacco-related cancers, obesity-related cancers, and reproductive-related cancers.

Cancer Immunosurveillance Caught in the Act.

The role of the immune system in the control of cancer formation and progression has been a matter of considerable debate over many years. In this issue of Immunity, Mlecnik et al. (2016) show the importance of immunosurveillance in controlling tumors in a series of microsatellite-instable human colon carcinomas.

The urinary metabolomic profile following the intake of meals supplemented with a cocoa extract in middle-aged obese subjects.

Metabolomics is used to assess the compliance and bioavailability of food components, as well as to evaluate the metabolic changes associated with food consumption. This study aimed to analyze the effect of consuming ready-to-eat meals containing a cocoa extract, within an energy restricted diet on urinary metabolomic changes. Fifty middle-aged volunteers [30.

HCV infection, IFN response and the coding and non-coding host cell genome.

HCV is an ideal model to study how the infected cell is altered to allow the establishment of a chronic infection. After infection, the transcriptome of the cell changes in response to the virus or to the antiviral pathways induced by infection. The cell has evolved to sense HCV soon after infection and to activate antiviral pathways.

Long noncoding RNAs in viral infections.

Viral infections induce strong modifications in the cell transcriptome. Among the RNAs whose expression is altered by infection are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are transcripts with potential to function as RNA molecules.