Heat stress-induced platelet dysfunction is associated with loss of fibrinogen and is improved by fibrinogen supplementation.

Introduction: Heatstroke is a critical heat-related condition characterized by coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction. One of the most severe complications of heatstroke is disseminated intravascular coagulation. This condition manifests as excessive clot formation and bleeding that are primarily due to platelet depletion and dysfunction.

Life expectancy, mortality risks and cause of death in patients with serious mental illness in South East London: a comparison between 2008-2012 and 2013-2017.

Background: People with serious mental illness (SMI) have a significantly shorter life expectancy than the general population. This study investigates whether the mortality rate in this group has changed over the last decade.

Methods: Using Clinical Record Interactive Search software, we extracted data from a large electronic database of patients in South East London.

Hybrid, High-Dose Dual and Bismuth Quadruple Therapies for First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Taiwan: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial.

Introduction: The study aimed to compare the efficacies and safety of 14-day hybrid therapy, 14-day high-dose dual therapy, and 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.

Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized trial, we recruited adult H. pylori -infected patients from 9 centers in Taiwan.

Carnosic acid inhibits reactive oxygen species-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation and ameliorates acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Aims: Infiltration of activated neutrophils into the lungs is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Neutrophilic inflammation, particularly neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is proposed as a useful target for treating ARDS. Carnosic acid (CA) is a food additive; however, its anti-neutrophilic activity in the treatment of ARDS has not been well established.

Effects of Dapagliflozin in Asian Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction in DAPA-HF.

Background: Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Asia exhibit many differences from those in other parts of the world.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, in HFrEF patients in Asia, compared with those elsewhere, enrolled in the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure) trial.

Methods: Patients in New York Heart Association functional class II to IV with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were eligible for the DAPA-HF trial.

Improvement in heat stress-induced multiple organ dysfunction and intestinal damage through protection of intestinal goblet cells from prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol.

Aims: Heat stroke is a life-threatening disorder triggered by thermoregulatory failure. Hyperthermia-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion has been reported to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic immune response that ultimately cause multiple-organ failure and death. Intestinal goblet cells contribute greatly to the formation of mucus barrier, which hinders translocation of gut microorganisms.

Apremilast ameliorates acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting neutrophil-induced oxidative stress.

Background: The pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is attributed to the dysregulation of oxidative stress and neutrophil recruitment. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of apremilast on human neutrophils and assess its efficacy for treating ARDS.

Methods: We analysed superoxide anion generation, integrin expression, and adhesion in activated human neutrophils using spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy.

Response surface model comparison and combinations for remifentanil and propofol in describing response to esophageal instrumentation and adverse respiratory events.

Background: The primary aim of this essay was to explore the best fitting model in remifentanil-propofol combined administrations during esophageal instrumentation (EI) from five distinct response surface models. The secondary aim was to combine the models to give appropriate effect-site drug concentrations (Ces) range with maximal comfort and safety.

Methods: The Greco, reduced Greco, Minto, Scaled C50 Hierarchy and Fixed C50 Hierarchy models were constructed to fit four drug effects: loss of response to esophageal instrumentation (LREI), loss of response to esophageal instrumentation revised (LREIR), intolerable ventilatory depression (IVD) and respiratory compromise (RC).

Impact of the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Score on Clinical Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Receiving P2Y12 Inhibitor Monotherapy.

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) score is used to stratify ischemic and bleeding risk for antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study assessed the association between the DAPT score and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who were treated with P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy.

Methods: A total of 498 ACS patients, with early aspirin discontinuation for various reasons and who received P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after PCI, were enrolled during the period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018.

Posterolateral Complex Reconstruction With Distal Femoral Varus Opening-Wedge Osteotomy for Unstable Neglected Multiligamentous Knee Injury With Valgus Malalignment.

We presented a case of a 25-year-old woman with early posttraumatic degenerative change to the articular cartilage accompanied with valgus malalignment despite receiving anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after a multiligamentous injury sustained 2 years earlier. Rapid deteriorating valgus malalignment may result from chronic instability and intra-articular bone loss. Simultaneous distal femoral varus osteotomy and posterolateral complex reconstruction were performed during a single surgery.

Stereotactic radiosurgery versus active surveillance for asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas: an international, multicenter matched cohort study.

Objective: The optimal management of asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas is not well defined. The aim of this study is to compare the imaging and clinical outcomes of patients with asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas managed either with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or active surveillance.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study involved patients with asymptomatic, skull-based meningiomas.

Structures and therapeutic potential of anti-RBD human monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Administration of potent anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) monoclonal antibodies has been shown to curtail viral shedding and reduce hospitalization in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the structure-function analysis of potent human anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies and its links to the formulation of antibody cocktails remains largely elusive. Previously, we isolated a panel of neutralizing anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies from convalescent patients and showed their neutralization efficacy .

Neurovascular protection by adropin in experimental ischemic stroke through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism.

Adropin is a highly-conserved peptide that has been shown to preserve endothelial barrier function. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a key pathological event in cerebral ischemia. However, the effects of adropin on ischemic stroke outcomes remain unexplored.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for prostate cancer cerebral metastases: an international multicenter study.

Objective: As novel therapies improve survival for men with prostate cancer, intracranial metastatic disease has become more common. The purpose of this multicenter study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of intracranial prostate cancer metastases.

Methods: Demographic data, primary tumor characteristics, SRS treatment parameters, and clinical and imaging follow-up data of patients from nine institutions treated with SRS from July 2005 to June 2020 for cerebral metastases from prostate carcinoma were collected and analyzed.

A comparative study of pancreas transplantation between type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Pancreas transplantation remains the best long-term treatment option to achieve physiological euglycemia and insulin independence in patients with labile diabetes mellitus (DM). It is widely accepted as an optimal procedure for type 1 DM (T1DM), but its application in type 2 DM (T2DM) is not unanimously acknowledged.

Methods: In total, 146 diabetes patients undergoing pancreas transplantation were included in this study.

Tetracycline-levofloxacin versus amoxicillin-levofloxacin quadruple therapies in the second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: The Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report recommends amoxicillin-fluoroquinolone triple or quadruple therapy as a second-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. An important caveat of amoxicillin-fluoroquinolone rescue therapy is poor eradication efficacy in the presence of fluoroquinolone resistance. The study aimed to investigate the efficacies of tetracycline-levofloxacin (TL) quadruple therapy and amoxicillin-levofloxacin (AL) quadruple therapy in the second-line treatment of H.

National surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities to dalbavancin, telavancin, tedizolid, eravacycline, omadacycline and other comparator antibiotics and serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in adults: results from the Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART) programme in 2017-2020.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the trends in serotypes and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) to dalbavancin, telavancin, tedizolid, eravacycline, omadacycline and other comparator antibiotics from 2017-2020 following implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) and during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.

Methods: During the study period, 237 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected from non-duplicate patients, covering 15.

Nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan from 2017 to 2019.

Background/purpose: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia and other invasive diseases, and is a leading cause of mortality in the elderly population. The present study aimed to provide current antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological profiles of S. pneumoniae infections in Taiwan.

To drain or not to drain: the association between residual intraperitoneal gas and post-laparoscopic shoulder pain for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Residual intra-peritoneal gas may be associated with post-laparoscopic shoulder pain (PLSP), which is a frequently and disturbance compliant after surgery. Herein, we aimed to examine whether expiring residual gas via a surgical drain reduces the frequency and intensity of PLSP in the first day after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 448 participants were enrolled in this prospective cohort study.

Effect of aspirin treatment duration on clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with early aspirin discontinuation and received P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy.

Recent clinical trials showed that short aspirin duration (1 or 3 months) in dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy reduced the risk of bleeding and did not increase the ischemic risk compared to 12-month DAPT in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it is unclear about the optimal duration of aspirin in P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of aspirin treatment duration on clinical outcomes in a cohort of ACS patients with early aspirin interruption and received P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy.