Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences.

Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet and training), the biological and genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated with athlete performance and level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having an impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a "complex science," like that of metadata and multi-OMICS profiles.

Ultrasound and elastography in the assessment of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis: A systematic literature review focusing on validation and standardization - WSF Skin Ultrasound Group.

Objective: To summarize the published evidence in the literature on the role of ultrasound and elastography to assess skin involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed within the "Skin Ultrasound Working Group" of the World Scleroderma Foundation, according to the Cochrane Handbook. A search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases from 1/1/1979 to 31/5/2021, using the participants, intervention, comparator and outcomes (PICO) framework.

The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Psoriasis: Results and Insights From the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study.

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory, debilitating, systemic disease with a great impact on healthcare systems worldwide. As targeted therapies have transformed the therapeutic landscape, updated estimates of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) imposed by psoriasis are necessary in order to evaluate the effects of past health care policies and to orient and inform new national and international healthcare strategies. Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 study, which collates a systematic review of relevant scientific literature, national surveys, claims data, and primary care sources on the prevalence of psoriasis.

OMERACT Filter 2.1: Elaboration of the Conceptual Framework for Outcome Measurement in Health Intervention Studies.

Objective: The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.0 framework was developed in 2014 to aid core outcome set development by describing the full universe of "measurable aspects of health conditions" from which core domains can be selected. This paper provides elaborations and updated concepts (OMERACT Filter 2.

SSHeW study protocol: does slip resistant footwear reduce slips among healthcare workers? A randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Slips, trips and falls are common causes of injuries in the workplace. It is estimated that in Great Britain, nearly 1 million days are taken off work due to these injuries. There is some evidence to suggest this accident burden could be reduced by the use of slip resistant footwear.

Short-term Repeat Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans in Suspected Early Axial Spondyloarthritis Are Clinically Relevant Only in HLA-B27-positive Male Subjects.

Objective: Our study investigated the natural history of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined bone marrow edema over a 12-week period in individuals with suspected axial spondyloarthritis.

Methods: There were 109 MRI scans performed on 30 patients who fulfilled the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society inflammatory back pain criteria at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results: There were 29 patients who completed the study.

Minimal Disease Activity as a Treatment Target in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Review of the Literature.

As in other inflammatory rheumatic diseases, the objective of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treatment is the achievement of a defined target. Recent recommendations propose aiming for remission or low disease activity; however, a consensual definition of remission is lacking. A state of minimal disease activity (MDA) has been established and is defined by low activity assessed by tender/swollen joint counts, tender entheseal points, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index or body surface area, patient pain and global activity visual analog scale, and functional evaluation by Health Assessment Questionnaire.

Remission in psoriatic arthritis-where are we now?

Advances in treatments and treatment strategies for PsA have led to many patients responding well to management of their disease, and targeting remission as a treatment goal is now a possibility. Treat to target is a strategy aimed at maximizing benefit, irrespective of the type of medication used, by monitoring disease activity and using it to guide therapy. The measurement of response to treatment has been the subject of wide discussions among experts for some time, and many instruments exist.

Engaging Stakeholders and Promoting Uptake of OMERACT Core Outcome Instrument Sets.

Objective: While there has been substantial progress in the development of core outcomes sets, the degree to which these are used by researchers is variable. We convened a special workshop on knowledge translation at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2016 with 2 main goals. The first focused on the development of a formal knowledge translation framework and the second on promoting uptake of recommended core outcome domain and instrument sets.

Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention for falls prevention in older people: a multicentre cohort randomised controlled trial (the REducing Falls with ORthoses and a Multifaceted podiatry intervention trial).

Background: Falls are a serious cause of morbidity and cost to individuals and society. Evidence suggests that foot problems and inappropriate footwear may increase the risk of falling. Podiatric interventions could help reduce falls; however, there is limited evidence regarding their clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Inflammatory Arthritis: Systematic Literature Review and First Steps Toward Standardization and an OMERACT Scoring System.

Objective: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is a relatively new technique that can enable assessment of the overall inflammatory status of people with arthritis, but standards for image acquisition, definitions of key pathologies, and a quantification system are required. Our aim was to perform a systematic literature review (SLR) and to develop consensus definitions of key pathologies, anatomical locations for assessment, a set of MRI sequences and imaging planes for the different body regions, and a preliminary scoring system for WB-MRI in inflammatory arthritis.

Methods: An SLR was initially performed, searching for WB-MRI studies in arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis, or enthesitis.

Biologics registers in RA: methodological aspects, current role and future applications.

The beginning of the 21st century saw a biopharmaceutical revolution in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. The fast-evolving use of biologic therapies highlighted the need to develop registers at national and international levels with the aim of collecting long-term data on patient outcomes. Over the past 15 years, many biologics registers have contributed a wealth of data and provided robust and reliable evidence on the use, effectiveness and safety of these therapies.

Development and Validation of the OMERACT Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Tenosynovitis Scoring System in a Multireader Exercise.

Objective: To develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tenosynovitis (TS) score for tendons at the wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Axial T1-weighted precontrast and postcontrast fat-saturated MR image sets of the hands of 43 patients with RA initiating rituximab therapy were obtained at baseline and after 14, 26, 38, or 52 weeks. The MR images were scored twice by 4 readers.

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Time to Bridge the Gap Between Radiologists and Rheumatologists.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is involved in the assessment of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA); however, anecdotal evidence suggests diverse practice among radiologists. The objective of this study was to describe current practice in the use of MRI for assessment of axSpA by UK radiologists.

Methods: Six hundred ninety-nine UK radiologists were invited to complete an online survey.

Cathepsin S is the major activator of the psoriasis-associated proinflammatory cytokine IL-36γ.

The proinflammatory cytokine IL-36γ is highly expressed in epithelial cells and is a pivotal mediator of epithelial inflammation. In particular, IL-36γ is strongly associated with the inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. As with other IL-1 cytokines, IL-36γ is expressed as an inactive precursor and must be processed by specific proteases to become bioactive.

The OMERACT Ultrasound Group: A Report from the OMERACT 2016 Meeting and Perspectives.

Objective: To provide an update from the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Ultrasound Working Group on the progress for defining ultrasound (US) minimal disease activity threshold at joint level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and for standardization of US application in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: For minimal disease activity, healthy controls (HC) and patients with early arthritis (EA) who were naive to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were recruited from 2 centers. US was performed of the hands and feet, and scored semiquantitatively (0-3) for synovial hypertrophy (SH) and power Doppler (PD).

Bone Area Provides a Responsive Outcome Measure for Bone Changes in Short-term Knee Osteoarthritis Studies.

Objective: To analyze the 3-D bone area from an osteoarthritis (OA) cohort demonstrating no change in cartilage thickness.

Methods: Twenty-seven women with painful medial knee OA had magnetic resonance images at 0, 3, and 6 months. Images were analyzed using active appearance models.

Knee Pain Predicts Subsequent Shoulder Pain and the Association Is Mediated by Leg Weakness: Longitudinal Observational Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: To assess whether the "spread" of joint pain is related to pain-associated muscle loss in 1 joint leading to increased loading and subsequent pain in other joints.

Methods: Associations between persistent knee pain (pain in 1 or 2 knees over 0-3 years vs no persistent pain) and incident shoulder pain at Year 4 were examined in participants from the longitudinal National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Initiative. Associations were assessed using log multinomial modeling, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, depression score, other lower limb pain, and baseline leg weakness (difficulty standing from a sitting position).

A Phase III, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Apremilast in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Results of the PALACE 2 Trial.

Objective: Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, downregulates intracellular inflammatory mediator synthesis by elevating cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. The PALACE 2 trial evaluated apremilast efficacy and safety in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) despite prior conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or biologic therapy.

Methods: Eligible patients were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo, apremilast 20 mg BID, or apremilast 30 mg BID.

Novel Ultrasound Joint Selection Methods Using a Reduced Joint Number Demonstrate Inflammatory Improvement when Compared to Existing Methods and Disease Activity Score at 28 Joints.

Objective: A pilot study testing novel ultrasound (US) joint-selection methods in rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Responsiveness of novel [individualized US (IUS) and individualized composite US (ICUS)] methods were compared with existing US methods and the Disease Activity Score at 28 joints (DAS28) for 12 patients followed for 3 months. IUS selected up to 7 and 12 most ultrasonographically inflamed joints, while ICUS additionally incorporated clinically symptomatic joints.

Validation of the OMERACT Psoriatic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (PsAMRIS) for the Hand and Foot in a Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess changes following treatment and the reliability and responsiveness to change of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Psoriatic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (PsAMRIS) in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Forty patients with PsA randomized to either placebo or abatacept (ABA) had MRI of either 1 hand (n = 20) or 1 foot (n = 20) at baseline and after 6 months. Images were scored blindly twice by 3 independent readers according to the PsAMRIS (for synovitis, tenosynovitis, periarticular inflammation, bone edema, bone erosion, and bone proliferation).

The Longitudinal Reliability and Responsiveness of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System (HOAMRIS).

Objective: To evaluate the interreader reliability of change scores and the responsiveness of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis (OA) Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) Scoring System (HOAMRIS).

Methods: Paired MRI (baseline and 5-yr followup) from 20 patients with hand OA were scored with known time sequence by 3 readers according to the HOAMRIS: Synovitis, erosive damage, cysts, osteophytes, cartilage space loss, malalignment, and bone marrow lesions (BML; 0-3 scales with 0.5 increments for synovitis, erosive damage, and BML).

Harmonizing Pain Outcome Measures: Results of the Pre-OMERACT Meeting on Partnerships for Consensus on Patient-important Pain Outcome Domains Between the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group and OMERACT.

Objective: A variety of authorities in pain measurement and outcome methodology met prior to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in May 2014 to develop partnerships for consensus on pain outcomes.

Methods: Following overview presentations, discussion centered on pain-specific and global constructs in the domain of chronic pain. Practical issues for clinical trial implementation were also discussed.

Report from the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis Working Group: Set of Core Domains and Preliminary Set of Instruments for Use in Clinical Trials and Observational Studies.

Objective: During OMERACT 12, a workshop was held with the aim to endorse a core set of domains for 3 settings: clinical trials of symptom and structure modification and observational studies. Additional goals were to endorse a core set of contextual factors for these settings, and to define preliminary instruments for each core domain. Finally, an agenda for future research in hand osteoarthritis (OA) was to be proposed.