Executive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference.

Objectives: To present recommendations and consensus statements with supporting literature for the clinical management of neonates and children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) consensus conference.

Data Sources: Systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from January 1988 to May 2021, followed by serial meetings of international, interprofessional experts in the management ECMO for critically ill children.

Study Selection: The management of ECMO anticoagulation for critically ill children.

Changes in the Term Neonatal Electroencephalogram with General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis.

Background: Although effects of general anesthesia on neuronal activity in the human neonatal brain are incompletely understood, electroencephalography provides some insight and may identify age-dependent differences.

Methods: A systematic search (MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library to November 2023) retrieved English language publications reporting electroencephalography during general anesthesia for cardiac or noncardiac surgery in term neonates (37 to 44 weeks postmenstrual age). Data were extracted, and risk of bias (ROBINS-I Cochrane tool) and quality of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE] checklist) were assessed.

Simulation of nanopore sequencing signal data with tunable parameters.

In silico simulation of high-throughput sequencing data is a technique used widely in the genomics field. However, there is currently a lack of effective tools for creating simulated data from nanopore sequencing devices, which measure DNA or RNA molecules in the form of time-series current signal data. Here, we introduce Squigulator, a fast and simple tool for simulation of realistic nanopore signal data.

Streamlining remote nanopore data access with slow5curl.

Background: As adoption of nanopore sequencing technology continues to advance, the need to maintain large volumes of raw current signal data for reanalysis with updated algorithms is a growing challenge. Here we introduce slow5curl, a software package designed to streamline nanopore data sharing, accessibility, and reanalysis.

Results: Slow5curl allows a user to fetch a specified read or group of reads from a raw nanopore dataset stored on a remote server, such as a public data repository, without downloading the entire file.

Perceived Workplace Discrimination on the Basis of Parent Status in Australia: Who Is Vulnerable and How Does It Link to Mothers' and Fathers' Mental Health?

This study focused on employees' perceived discrimination due to parenthood; and mental health, occupational stress and turnover intention. Methods: Survey (2016) of an Australian convenience sample of employed parents: women ( n = 2950) and men ( n = 1318). Results: Forty-two percent of all mothers reported missing out on promotion ( n = 1234/2950); one-third reported negative comments from managers ( n = 805/2950, 27%) or colleagues ( n = 832/2950, 28%).

Adapting to the local needs of Australian educators - a critical step for successful implementation.

Background The present study is the foundational project of TeachABI-Australia , which aims to develop and implement an accessible, nation-wide digital resource for educators to address their unmet acquired brain injury (ABI)-related professional learning needs. The aim of the present study was to identify the adaptations required to improve the suitability and acceptability of the TeachABI professional development module within the Australian education system from the perspectives of Australian educators. Methods The research design employed an integrated knowledge translation approach and followed the ADAPT Guidance for undertaking adaptability research.

Diverse genetic causes of amenorrhea in an ethnically homogeneous cohort and an evolving approach to diagnosis.

Research Question: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterised by amenorrhea associated with elevated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) under the age of 40 years and affects 1-3.7% women. Genetic factors explain 20-30% of POI cases, but most causes remain unknown despite genomic advancements.

A universal molecular control for DNA, mRNA and protein expression.

The expression of genes encompasses their transcription into mRNA followed by translation into protein. In recent years, next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry methods have profiled DNA, RNA and protein abundance in cells. However, there are currently no reference standards that are compatible across these genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic methods, and provide an integrated measure of gene expression.

Development of an inpatient protocol for adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: a case study.

Introduction: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterised by a pattern of eating that leads to failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs.

Method: In the absence of evidence-based inpatient guidelines for adolescents with ARFID, we set out to develop and pilot an inpatient protocol for adolescents with ARFID. Identification of the key differences between managing inpatients with ARFID and anorexia nervosa (AN) led to modification of an existing AN protocol with the goals of better meeting patient needs, enhancing alignment with outpatient care, and improving outcomes.

Extensive DNA methylome rearrangement during early lamprey embryogenesis.

DNA methylation (5mC) is a repressive gene regulatory mark widespread in vertebrate genomes, yet the developmental dynamics in which 5mC patterns are established vary across species. While mammals undergo two rounds of global 5mC erasure, teleosts, for example, exhibit localized maternal-to-paternal 5mC remodeling. Here, we studied 5mC dynamics during the embryonic development of sea lamprey, a jawless vertebrate which occupies a critical phylogenetic position as the sister group of the jawed vertebrates.

AACAP Endorses the Inclusion of Methylphenidate in the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines.

Despite decades of clinical use and a large body of evidence, the WHO continues to exclude methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from its EML. The exclusion of methylphenidate has dire implications for millions of individuals with ADHD worldwide, especially those living in low and low-middle income countries (LMIC), where governmental decisions to make medicines available are contingent on EML listing.

Development and validation of the adolescent behavioural change Counselling Assessment Tool in Indonesia.

Background: Primary care provides an important context to engage adolescents and their families in healthy lifestyles with the goal of reducing future behaviour-related health problems. Developing a valid tool to assess health professionals' skills in behavioural change counselling is integral to improving the quality of clinical care provided to adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods: This work was nested within a project to develop a training program to enhance the behaviour-change counselling of adolescents and their parents by Indonesian primary care professionals.

Longitudinal associations between adult-supervised drinking during adolescence and alcohol misuse from ages 25-31 years: A comparison of Australia and the United States.

Prior studies suggest that adult supervised drinking in adolescence predicts greater adolescent alcohol misuse. Long-term follow up data examining how adult supervised drinking during adolescence relates to alcohol misuse in adulthood are lacking. Longitudinal data from the International Youth Development Study tested associations between adult supervised drinking during adolescence (ages 13-16; 2002-2004) and adult alcohol misuse (ages 25-31; 2014, 2018, 2020).

The lived experience of people affected by cancer: A global cross-sectional survey protocol.

A diagnosis of cancer impacts the person's physical and mental health and the psychosocial and financial health of their caregivers. While data on the experience of living with cancer is available, there is a dearth of data from persons in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The perspectives of other impacted individuals also remain understudied (e.

Narrowing the diagnostic gap: Genomes, episignatures, long-read sequencing, and health economic analyses in an exome-negative intellectual disability cohort.

Purpose: Genome sequencing (GS)-specific diagnostic rates in prospective tightly ascertained exome sequencing (ES)-negative intellectual disability (ID) cohorts have not been reported extensively.

Methods: ES, GS, epigenetic signatures, and long-read sequencing diagnoses were assessed in 74 trios with at least moderate ID.

Results: The ES diagnostic yield was 42 of 74 (57%).

Mtfp1 ablation enhances mitochondrial respiration and protects against hepatic steatosis.

Hepatic steatosis is the result of imbalanced nutrient delivery and metabolism in the liver and is the first hallmark of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MASLD is the most common chronic liver disease and involves the accumulation of excess lipids in hepatocytes, inflammation, and cancer. Mitochondria play central roles in liver metabolism yet the specific mitochondrial functions causally linked to MASLD remain unclear.

The landscape of genomic structural variation in Indigenous Australians.

Indigenous Australians harbour rich and unique genomic diversity. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ancestries are historically under-represented in genomics research and almost completely missing from reference datasets. Addressing this representation gap is critical, both to advance our understanding of global human genomic diversity and as a prerequisite for ensuring equitable outcomes in genomic medicine.

New chromosome-scale genomes provide insights into marine adaptations of sea snakes (Hydrophis: Elapidae).

Background: Sea snakes underwent a complete transition from land to sea within the last ~ 15 million years, yet they remain a conspicuous gap in molecular studies of marine adaptation in vertebrates.

Results: Here, we generate four new annotated sea snake genomes, three of these at chromosome-scale (Hydrophis major, H. ornatus and H.

Efficient end-to-end long-read sequence mapping using minimap2-fpga integrated with hardware accelerated chaining.

minimap2 is the gold-standard software for reference-based sequence mapping in third-generation long-read sequencing. While minimap2 is relatively fast, further speedup is desirable, especially when processing a multitude of large datasets. In this work, we present minimap2-fpga, a hardware-accelerated version of minimap2 that speeds up the mapping process by integrating an FPGA kernel optimised for chaining.

Effectiveness of a community-based approach for the investigation and management of children with household tuberculosis contact in Cameroon and Uganda: a cluster-randomised trial.

Background: Globally, the uptake of tuberculosis-preventive treatment (TPT) among children with household tuberculosis contact remains low, partly due to the necessity of bringing children to health facilities for investigations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on TPT initiation and completion of community-based approaches to tuberculosis contact investigations in Cameroon and Uganda.

Methods: We did a parallel, cluster-randomised, controlled trial across 20 clusters (consisting of 25 district hospitals and primary health centres) in Cameroon and Uganda, which were randomised (1:1) to receive a community-based approach (intervention group) or standard-of-care facility-based approach to contact screening and management (control group).