Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women.

Background: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a recommended treatment for female stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. Training varies in exercise type (pelvic floor muscles contracting with and without other muscles), dose, and delivery (e.g.

Effectiveness of nonpharmacological conservative therapies for chronic pelvic pain in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nonpharmacological conservative therapies for women with CPP.

Data Sources: A systematic search of electronic databases (Amed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SportDiscuss, Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was performed in January 2023, and updated in December 2023.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials comparing a nonpharmacological conservative therapy to inert (eg, placebo, usual care) or nonconservative (eg, surgical, pharmacological) treatment were included.

Chemically-Induced Lipoprotein Breakdown for Improved Extracellular Vesicle Purification.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized biomolecular packages involved in intercellular communication. EVs are released by all cells, making them broadly applicable as therapeutic, diagnostic, and mechanistic components in (patho)physiology. Sample purity is critical for correctly attributing observed effects to EVs and for maximizing therapeutic and diagnostic performance.

Improving stroke clinical guideline adherence in an Australian hospital using a clinician-led implementation process.

Background: Private hospitals in Australia manage 11% of acute and 48% of rehabilitation stroke admissions, yet little is known about implementation of stroke clinical guidelines in this setting. Clinical guidelines recommend that acute stroke patients be co-located in a stroke unit in a geographically defined area, rather than dispersed across the hospital.

Objective: To investigate post-intervention adherence to clinical guidelines for stroke management, and to explore staff barriers and facilitators to guideline implementation.

The L-NAME mouse model of preeclampsia and impact to long-term maternal cardiovascular health.

Preeclampsia affects ∼2-8% of pregnancies worldwide. It is associated with increased long-term maternal cardiovascular disease risk. This study assesses the effect of the vasoconstrictor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in modelling preeclampsia in mice, and its long-term effects on maternal cardiovascular health.

Management of chronic rheumatic diseases in women 18-45 years of age in Asia Pacific: insights from patient and clinician surveys.

Objective: Perspectives of women aged 18-45 years with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRD), and clinicians, in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region are reported.

Methods: Online surveys were completed by women, pregnant in the past 2-5 years, with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and rheumatologists, obstetricians, orthopaedic surgeons who medically manage CRDs.

Results: Among 210 (RA 122, PsA 48, axSpA 40) patients, 52% (n = 109/210) delayed their decision to have children, most commonly due to concerns of passing on disease to offspring.

Moral Elevation, Physician Role Models, and Selected Markers of Professional Identity Formation and Well-Being: A Secondary Analysis from Two National Surveys.

Objectives: Moral elevation is the underlying emotion that arises when witnessing admirable acts, and it is theorized to be the psychological mechanism driving the impact that positive clinical role models have on medical students' professional identity formation (eg, growth in professional virtues, higher sense of meaning, and well-being). This proof-of-concept study explores the development of the Moral Elevation Scale in Medicine by testing the association of moral elevation with various markers of professional identity formation.

Methods: A secondary data analysis of two nationally representative samples of 960 medical students and 2000 physicians was performed.

Umbilical Cord Management at Term and Late Preterm Birth: A Meta-analysis.

Context: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized scientific review of umbilical cord management at term and late preterm birth.

Objective: To assess effects of umbilical cord management strategies (clamping timing and cord milking) in infants ≥34 weeks' gestational age.

Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and trial registries searched July 2019.

Human Milk Expression, Storage, and Transport by Women Whose Infants Are Inpatients at a Tertiary Neonatal Unit in Melbourne, Australia: An Exploratory Study.

Background: Expression and storage of mothers' own milk at home and its transportation to hospital neonatal units are a common practice worldwide when newborns are inpatients. Studies assessing adherence to hospital protocols and guidelines for this are not widely published.

Purpose: To explore the advice received and practices followed by mothers when expressing, storing, and transporting their milk from home to the hospital, with a substudy exploring the factors related to temperature maintenance of refrigerated milk at recommended values.

Esomeprazole and sulfasalazine in combination additively reduce sFlt-1 secretion and diminish endothelial dysfunction: potential for a combination treatment for preeclampsia.

Development and repurposing of therapies that show promise in the prevention or treatment of preeclampsia would be a major advance for the obstetrics field. We recently identified esomeprazole and sulfasalazine as potential candidates for the treatment of preeclampsia. Both reduce placental and endothelial secretion of sFlt-1 and sENG and mitigate endothelial dysfunction in vitro.

Moral Controversy and Working with Colleagues with a Shared Ethical/Moral Outlook: A National Survey of US Primary Care Physicians.

Objectives: This study assesses physicians' attitudes on the importance of working with colleagues who share the same ethical or moral outlook regarding morally controversial healthcare practices and examines the association of physicians' religious and spiritual characteristics with these attitudes.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of a 2009 national survey that was administered to a stratified random sample of 1504 US primary care physicians (PCPs). In that dataset, physicians were asked: "For you personally, how important is it to work with colleagues who share your ethical/moral outlook regarding morally controversial health care practices?" We examined associations between physicians' religious/spiritual characteristics and their attitudes toward having a shared ethical/moral outlook with colleagues.

Religious Characteristics of Physicians Who Care for Underserved Populations or Work in Religiously Oriented Practices.

Objectives: This study examined the relation between physicians' religious characteristics and working for medically underserved populations or in religiously oriented practices.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of 2009-2010 national survey of 896 primary care physicians (PCPs) and 312 psychiatrists. Predictors included physicians' religious characteristics.

Care of pregnant women with decreased fetal movements: Update of a clinical practice guideline for Australia and New Zealand.

The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth and the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand (PSANZ) have recently partnered in updating an important clinical practice guideline, Care of pregnant women with decreased fetal movements. This guideline offers 12 recommendations and a suggested care pathway, with the aim to improve the quality of care for women reporting decreased fetal movements through an evidence-based approach. Adoption of the guideline by clinicians and maternity hospitals could result in earlier identification of higher-risk pregnancies, improved perinatal health outcomes for women and their babies, and reduced stillbirth rates.

Monitoring the Postnatal Growth of Preterm Infants: A Paradigm Change.

There is no consensus regarding how the growth of preterm infants should be monitored or what constitutes their ideal pattern of growth, especially after term-corrected age. The concept that the growth of preterm infants should match that of healthy fetuses is not substantiated by data and, in practice, is seldom attained, particularly for very preterm infants. Hence, by hospital discharge, many preterm infants are classified as postnatal growth-restricted.

Erratum to: Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0089-y.].

Paragon (ANZGOG-0903): Phase 2 Study of Anastrozole in Women With Estrogen or Progesterone Receptor-Positive Platinum-Resistant or -Refractory Recurrent Ovarian Cancer.

Background: There is some evidence that a subset of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer may benefit from antiestrogen therapy. The Paragon study is a basket protocol that includes a series of phase 2 trials investigating the activity of anastrozole in patients with estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive recurrent gynecological cancers. We report the results of treatment in patients with platinum-resistant or -refractory recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

Comparison of vitreous loss rates between manual phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the vitreous loss complication rate of manual phacoemulsification cataract surgery with that of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery.

Setting: Mercy Eye Specialists, Springfield, Missouri, USA.

Design: Retrospective single-center case series.

Clinical Features of Respiratory Viral Infections Among Inpatients at a Major US Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objectives: Respiratory viral illnesses (RVI) are reliably diagnosed by respiratory viral panel using polymerase chain reaction (RVP-PCR); however, owing to the scant data, clinical presentation alone is unreliable in establishing viral etiology. The primary objective of this study was to characterize signs and symptoms of RVI among inpatients in a major tertiary care hospital.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, adult inpatients with RVI undergoing RVP-PCR were prospectively enrolled in our study.

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA).

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance.

Bedside Ultrasound in the Intensive Care Unit: Where Is the Evidence?

Interest in bedside ultrasound in the intensive care unit and emergency department has exploded in recent years. This interest is driven in part by the utility of ultrasound for procedural guidance. In most cases, enthusiasm outstrips current evidence.

Randomized control trial of high fidelity vs low fidelity simulation for training undergraduate students in neonatal resuscitation.

Background: Knowledge acquisition and skill maintenance are important in learning neonatal resuscitation. Traditionally this is taught by using low fidelity mannequins. Technological advancement enabled a move towards high fidelity mannequins.

Evaluation of N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains a leading cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. N-Acetylcysteine has been studied previously for the prevention of CIN, resulting in mixed findings.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of N-acetylcysteine on the development of CIN in order to guide its use at community, teaching hospitals.

PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY COMBINED WITH CATARACT EXTRACTION: A Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Using Single-Piece and Multipiece Foldable Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To assess whether complication rates are comparable between phacovitrectomy using multipiece lenses versus single-piece foldable intraocular lenses.

Methods: Single-center, multisurgeon retrospective comparative consecutive interventional case series. Two hundred and seventy-one patients undergoing combined phacovitrectomy performed during a single session at a university-based ophthalmology practice from 2004 to 2013 were identified, of whom 184 met study inclusion criteria; 56.