Provider preparedness to care for sexual and gender minority adolescent and young adult cancer patients: A scoping review.

Objective: The purpose of the current scoping review is to explore knowledge and gaps in the literature on the preparedness of health care providers (HCPs) to deliver cancer care that addresses the needs of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients diagnosed with cancer between ages 15-39 years.

Methods: We conducted two comprehensive searches on OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in February 2022 and June 2024; examined the empirical literature on HCPs who treat SGM AYA cancer patients; characterized existing research; and evaluated each contribution.

Results: A total of thirteen articles were included in the final review.

External quality assessment performance in ten countries: an IFCC global laboratory quality project.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the validity of external quality assessment (EQA) laboratory results across various cultural and environmental contexts and to identify potential improvement areas.

Methods: The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on Global Laboratory Quality (TF-GLQ) conducted a 2-year study (2022 and 2023) in which EQA materials, related software and online training was provided by a commercial vendor to 100 laboratories in ten IFCC member society countries. The results were analysed on a monthly basis by the TF-GLQ, to show the number of submissions per country, tests per lab, acceptability rates, random failures and to get a measure of which analytes performed poorly.

A systematic review comparing different approaches for inflatable penile prosthesis revision: partial-component exchange, complete-component exchange, or reservoir "drain and retain".

Introduction: In cases of a noninfected malfunctioning inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) device, surgeons often opt to exchange all of the device rather than the defective component for fear of an increased infection rate and future mechanical dysfunction.

Objectives: To assess whether partial-component exchange of an IPP device has comparable outcomes to complete explant and replacement of an IPP device with or without a retained reservoir.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines.

A phase 2, multicenter, open-label study of anti-LAG-3 ieramilimab in combination with anti-PD-1 spartalizumab in patients with advanced solid malignancies.

Ieramilimab, a humanized anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody, was well tolerated in combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody spartalizumab in a phase 1 study. This phase 2 study aimed to further investigate the efficacy and safety of combination treatment in patients with selected advanced (locally advanced or metastatic) solid malignancies. Eligible patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), mesothelioma, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were grouped depending on prior anti-PD-1/L1 therapy (anti-PD-1/L1 naive or anti-PD-1/L1 pretreated).

Clinical and Dosimetric Results of Proton or Photon Radiation Therapy for Large (>5 cm) Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: Our purpose was to report the clinical and dosimetric attributes of patients with large unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing proton or photon radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes and dosimetric indices of 159 patients with >5 cm nonmetastatic HCC who underwent definitive radiation therapy using either protons (N = 105) or photons (N = 54) between 2014 and 2018. Additional photon plans were performed in the 105 proton-treated patients using the same dose prescription criteria for intragroup dosimetric comparison.

Disparities in cancer care among sexual and gender minority adolescent and young adult patients: A scoping review.

Background: Adolescent and young adult cancer patients (AYAs) who are sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are a rapidly increasing population that experiences unmet cancer-related needs. Despite emerging awareness, little is known about cancer care and outcomes for this vulnerable population. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore current knowledge and gaps in the literature on cancer care and outcomes for AYAs who identify as SGM.

Maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab in patients with newly diagnosed advanced high-grade ovarian cancer: Main analysis of second progression-free survival in the phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial.

Background: PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 (NCT02477644) demonstrated a significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit with maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab versus placebo plus bevacizumab in newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer. We report the prespecified main second progression-free survival (PFS2) analysis for PAOLA-1.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind, phase III trial was conducted in 11 countries.

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones.

Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance.

The Impact of Delays in Low-Income Women's Breast Cancer Experiences.

Background: Low-income, underinsured and uninsured women are less likely to be diagnosed via mammogram and more often diagnosed at later stages, with a resultant negative impact on survival. The New Jersey Cancer Education and Early Detection Program provides access to cancer screening services for low-income, underinsured and uninsured individuals. This program was recently evaluated, and it was found that enrollees were more likely to be diagnosed at later stages than nonenrollees, which may be related to delays in diagnosis and treatment OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if there were delays in diagnosis and treatment for program enrollees and, if so, what were the causes of these delays.

Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction.

Introduction: Concurrent urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) can greatly damage a patient's quality of life. Owing to the intertwined anatomy, treatment options for one most certainly have implications on the other.

Objective: The aim of this review is to characterize and elucidate the treatment patients with postprostatectomy UI undergoing concurrent or subsequent treatment of ED.

A Review of Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction With Inflatable Penile Prosthesis.

Introduction: A variety of factors that can influence patient satisfaction after inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery, including patient expectations before surgery, intraoperative complications, and perceived penile shortening and partner satisfaction after surgery. While patient satisfaction rates with IPP are high, there are several reported methods to further improve patient satisfaction with IPP.

Objective: Identifying factors responsible for patient satisfaction after IPP surgery from preoperative counseling, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative care and identifying ways to improve overall patient satisfaction.

Dietary inflammatory potential in relation to the gut microbiome: results from a cross-sectional study.

Diet has direct and indirect effects on health through inflammation and the gut microbiome. We investigated total dietary inflammatory potential via the literature-derived index (Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®)) with gut microbiota diversity, composition and function. In cancer-free patient volunteers initially approached at colonoscopy and healthy volunteers recruited from the medical centre community, we assessed 16S ribosomal DNA in all subjects who provided dietary assessments and stool samples (n 101) and the gut metagenome in a subset of patients with residual fasting blood samples (n 34).

Phase I study of intraventricular infusions of autologous ex vivo expanded NK cells in children with recurrent medulloblastoma and ependymoma.

Background: Recurrent pediatric medulloblastoma and ependymoma have a grim prognosis. We report a first-in-human, phase I study of intraventricular infusions of ex vivo expanded autologous natural killer (NK) cells in these tumors, with correlative studies.

Methods: Twelve patients were enrolled, 9 received protocol therapy up to 3 infusions weekly, in escalating doses from 3 × 106 to 3 × 108 NK cells/m2/infusion, for up to 3 cycles.

The Role of the Advanced Practitioner in Enhancing Outcomes.

Advanced practitioners (nurse practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, and other health-care providers) have become increasingly integral members of the oncology care team. The accelerated rate of approvals for new therapies in acute myeloid leukemia highlights the imperative of timely collaboration between the entire team.

Optimizing Use of Newly Approved Agents for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Until recently, treatment advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had been slow since the 1970s. However, in the past few years, as the understanding of the pathophysiology of AML has advanced, numerous treatments have been approved by the U.S.

Anaesthetic depth and complications after major surgery: an international, randomised controlled trial.

Background: An association between increasing anaesthetic depth and decreased postoperative survival has been shown in observational studies; however, evidence from randomised controlled trials is lacking. Our aim was to compare all-cause 1-year mortality in older patients having major surgery and randomly assigned to light or deep general anaesthesia.

Methods: In an international trial, we recruited patients from 73 centres in seven countries who were aged 60 years and older, with significant comorbidity, having surgery with expected duration of more than 2 h, and an anticipated hospital stay of at least 2 days.

Doxorubicin Activates Ryanodine Receptors in Rat Lymphatic Muscle Cells to Attenuate Rhythmic Contractions and Lymph Flow.

Doxorubicin is a risk factor for secondary lymphedema in cancer patients exposed to surgery or radiation. The risk is presumed to relate to its cytotoxicity. However, the present study provides initial evidence that doxorubicin directly inhibits lymph flow and this action appears distinct from its cytotoxic activity.

Patient-reported outcomes and final overall survival results from the randomized phase 3 PENELOPE trial evaluating pertuzumab in low tumor human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) mRNA-expressing platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Introduction: The PENELOPE trial evaluated pertuzumab added to chemotherapy for biomarker-selected platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. As previously reported, pertuzumab did not statistically significantly improve progression-free survival (primary end point: HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.

Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for overall survival in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer treated with chemotherapy.

Background: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) is associated with a variable prognosis and unpredictable survival times. We have developed and validated a prognostic nomogram with the objective of improving the prediction of overall survival (OS) in patients treated with chemotherapy.

Methods: The nomogram was developed using data from a training cohort of patients from two trials, including the chemotherapy-only arm in AURELIA and all randomised patients in CARTAXHY.

A lateral hypothalamus to basal forebrain neurocircuit promotes feeding by suppressing responses to anxiogenic environmental cues.

Animals must consider competing information before deciding to eat: internal signals indicating the desirability of food and external signals indicating the risk involved in eating within a particular environment. The behaviors driven by the former are manifestations of hunger, and the latter, anxiety. The connection between pathologic anxiety and reduced eating in conditions like typical depression and anorexia is well known.

Early Detection for Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline.

Purpose: To provide resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on the early detection of colorectal cancer in four tiers to clinicians, patients, and caregivers.

Methods: American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of medical oncology, surgical oncology, surgery, gastroenterology, health technology assessment, cancer epidemiology, pathology, radiology, radiation oncology, and patient advocacy experts. The Expert Panel reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus-based process with additional experts (Consensus Ratings Group) for two round(s) of formal ratings.