Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Accounting for Sleep when Determining Associations with Markers of Health.

High physical activity levels during wake are beneficial for health, while high movement levels during sleep are detrimental to health. Our aim was to compare the associations of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sleep disruption with adiposity and fitness using standardized and individualized wake and sleep windows. People (N = 609) with type 2 diabetes wore an accelerometer for up to 8 days.

Is IgA nephropathy the same disease in different parts of the world?

Since it was first described in 1968, immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is understood to be the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. The diagnosis of IgAN depends on the presence of dominant mesangial IgA1 deposition by renal biopsy. To date, a wide spectrum of clinical and pathologic features of IgAN have been observed, implying that IgAN might not be the same disease across the world.

Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the 2020 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline.

Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization developed a clinical practice guideline in 2020 for the management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: The KDIGO Work Group (WG) was tasked with developing the guideline for diabetes management in CKD. It defined the scope of the guideline, gathered evidence, determined systematic review topics, and graded evidence that had been summarized by an evidence review team.

Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan: update 2020, applying the principles of the ADA/EASD consensus.

Fasting the Holy month of Ramadan constitutes one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith. Although there is some evidence that intermittent fasting during Ramadan may be of benefit in losing weight and cardiometabolic risk factors, there is no strong evidence these benefits apply to people with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes consensus recommendations emphasize the importance of patient factors and comorbidities when choosing diabetes medications including the presence of comorbidities, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypoglycemia risk, weight issues and costs.

Biochemical Urine Testing of Adherence to Cardiovascular Medications Reveals High Rates of Nonadherence in People Attending Their Annual Review for Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a new method to objectively and robustly detect nonadherence. We applied this technique to study nonadherence to cardiovascular medications in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Research Design And Methods: Routine urine samples, received at the time of the annual diabetes review from 228 people with T2DM in primary care, were assessed for adherence by LC-MS/MS.

The TVT Worldwide Observational Registry for Long-Term Data: safety and efficacy of suburethral sling insertion approaches for stress urinary incontinence in women.

Purpose: We examined the clinical effectiveness of a single incision sling in women with stress urinary incontinence and obtained comparative perioperative and postoperative data on retropubic and transobturator slings.

Materials And Methods: Women who underwent a cough stress test were treated with surgery using a single incision, retropubic or obturator sling (Gynecare® TVT SECUR™, TVT™ or TVT Obturator System, respectively) with the choice of sling based on surgeon preference. Objective cure was assessed by the standing cough stress test at 1 year.

The short-term effects of Eudragit-L-coated prednisolone metasulphobenzoate (Predocol) on bone formation and bone mineral density in acute ulcerative colitis.

Background: The aetiology of bone loss in ulcerative colitis is multifactorial, but corticosteroid treatment is an important risk factor. A novel formulation of Eudragit-L-coated prednisolone metasulphobenzoate (Predocol) has been developed, in order to deliver high mucosal levels of prednisolone within the colon but with little systemic absorption. The aim of this study was to investigate its efficacy, and short-term effects on bone formation and bone mineral density.

Prevalence and management of inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study from central England.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from the information in general practitioners' records and to describe patient management, including the prescribing of 5-aminosalicylates and adherance to treatment in ulcerative colitis, and frequency of advice given concerning cessation of smoking.

Methods: Fifteen general practices were recruited through the Trent Focus Collaborative Research Network, UK, to take part in a cross-sectional study. They identified confirmed cases of IBD and used a pro-forma to collect data for collation and analysis.

Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses macrophage-induced mesangial cell fibronectin expression.

Background: We have previously shown that macrophages are able to promote prosclerotic responses in rat mesangial cells. Th2-type cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-13, and IL-4 as well as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), are known to have suppressive effects on various aspects of macrophage function. In the current study, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta pretreatment on the ability of macrophages to induce fibronectin expression.

Nimodipine premedication and induction dose of propofol.

Unlabelled: Antagonists at the L-type voltage sensitive calcium channel (L-VSCC) potentiate anesthetic potency in experimental models, suggesting that it may be a target site for IV anesthetics. Nimodipine is a 1, 4-dihydro- pyridine antagonist of L-VSCC which crosses the blood-brain barrier. We tested the hypothesis that premedication with oral nimodipine in healthy patients would reduce the induction dose of propofol, independently of its effects on the cerebral circulation.

Attitudes to, and utilization of, low molecular weight heparins in joint replacement surgery.

A postal survey was carried out to determine the attitudes to the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in joint replacement among two representative groups of orthopaedic surgeons practising in the UK. 72% of hip surgeons and 51% of knee surgeons replying had used LMWHs for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in joint replacement patients. Of these, 48% had discontinued LMWH use due to bleeding complications.

The role of proteinuria in the progression of chronic renal failure.

The cause of the relentless progression of chronic renal failure of diverse origins remains unknown and is likely to be multifactorial. Numerous studies have now demonstrated a correlation between the degree of proteinuria and the rate progression of renal failure, which has led to the hypothesis that proteinuria may be an independent mediator of progression rather than simply being a marker of glomerular dysfunction. This article reviews the evidence underlying this hypothesis and the mechanisms by which particular proteins may cause renal pathology.