Accumulating Sedentary Time and Physical Activity From Childhood to Adolescence and Cardiac Function in Adolescence.

Background: Increased physical activity (PA) may mitigate the negative cardiovascular health effects of sedentary behavior in adolescents. However, the relationship of PA and sedentary time from childhood with cardiac function in adolescence remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the associations of cumulative sedentary time and PA from childhood to adolescence with cardiac function in adolescence.

Pinoresinol stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and downregulates TNF-α secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: An experimental in vitro study.

Background And Aims: Natural coniferous resins are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin wounds. Coniferous wood resins ("callus" resin) are a mixture of abietic (resin) acids, lignans such as pinoresinol, and -coumaric acid. The wound-healing properties of resins are thought to be related to their antimicrobial properties, but also to their effects on cell proliferation and inflammation.

Management practices for West syndrome in South Asia: A survey study and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Considering the dearth of literature on West syndrome (WS) from South Asian countries, this study aimed to evaluate the management practices in South Asia by an online survey and meta-analysis.

Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to 223 pediatric neurologists/pediatricians in India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Their responses were evaluated and supplemented by a meta-analysis.

Analysis of neurodevelopmental outcomes of preadolescents born with extremely low weight revealed impairments in multiple developmental domains despite absence of cognitive impairment.

Background And Aims: Children with extremely low-birth weight (ELBW) have a high risk for cognitive, motor, and attention impairments and learning disabilities. Longitudinal follow-up studies to a later age are needed in order to increase understanding of the changes in neurodevelopmental trajectories in targeting timely intervention. The aims of this study were to investigate cognitive and motor outcomes, attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) behaviour, school performance, and overall outcomes in a national cohort of ELBW children at preadolescence, and minor neuromotor impairments in a subpopulation of these children and to compare the results with those of full-term controls.

Clinical and Genetic Characterization of 153 Patients with Persistent or Transient Congenital Hyperinsulinism.

Context: Major advances have been made in the genetics and classification of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI).

Objective: To examine the genetics and clinical characteristics of patients with persistent and transient CHI.

Design: A cross-sectional study with the register data and targeted sequencing of 104 genes affecting glucose metabolism.

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B gene variation protects against hepatic fat accumulation and fibrosis in individuals at high risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver damage and has a strong genetic component. The rs4841132 G>A variant, modulating the expression of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B (), which is involved in glycogen synthesis, has been reported to reduce the risk of NAFLD but at the same time may favor liver disease by facilitating glycogen accumulation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of rs4841132 on development of histologic steatosis and fibrosis in 1,388 European individuals in a liver biopsy cohort, on NAFLD hepatocellular carcinoma in a cross-sectional Italian cohort (n = 132 cases), and on liver disease at the population level in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort.

Perception and Respiratory Responses of the Upper Airway Mechanism to Added Resistance With Aging.

Objectives: To assess breathing behaviors and perception of added respiratory loads in young compared to old individuals, and to determine whether aging affects the perception and response to changes in nasal airway resistance.

Study Design: In a clinical study, 40 young (11-20 years) and 40 older (59-82 years) subjects were evaluated during rest breathing and during the application of added airway resistance loads.

Methods: The pressure-flow technique was used to measure airflow rate (mL/s) and oral-nasal pressures (cmHO) to calculate nasal resistance (cmHO/L/s).

Long-term mortality of patients with West syndrome.

Objective: To study long-term survival and mortality among patients with West syndrome.

Methods: The study population included all children born in 1960-1976 and treated for West syndrome in three tertiary care hospitals in Helsinki, Finland. The participants were prospectively followed for five decades for survival.