Myocardial revascularization on the beating heart after recent onset of acute myocardial infarction.

Objective: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after the recent onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been proposed as an alternative technique to treat these patients in an attempt to decrease the operative risks.

Methods: From January 1995 to June 1999, 518 patients underwent CABG after the recent onset of AMI (1-20 days): 421 patients were revascularized on-CPB and 97 patients off-CPB.

Robotically assisted video-enhanced-endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Since 1988, through fierce industry-driven competition and patients' preference for minimally invasive procedures, widely diffused through the media, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was universally adopted and rapidly became the "gold standard" for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Robotically assisted video enhanced-endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery (RAVE-CABG) will most likely follow suit with its similar developmental processes for symptomatic coronary artery disease. Since 1998, there are currently two surgical robotic systems that have been used in a clinical setting for endoscopic coronary artery bypass (ECABG): the da Vinci and the ZEUS system.