Concentric Ring Trajectory Sampling With k-Space Reordering Enables Assessment of Tissue-Specific T and T Relaxation for H-Labeled Substrates in the Human Brain at 7 T.

Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is an emerging Magnetic Resonance technique providing valuable insight into the dynamics of cellular glucose (Glc) metabolism of the human brain in vivo using deuterium-labeled (H) glucose as non-invasive tracer. Reliable concentration estimation of H-Glc and downstream synthesized neurotransmitters glutamate + glutamine (Glx) requires accurate knowledge of relaxation times, but so far tissue-specific T and T relaxation times (e.g.

Deuterium Metabolic Imaging Enables the Tracing of Substrate Fluxes Through the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in the Liver.

Alterations in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism are associated with hepatic metabolic disorders. Elevated hepatic acetate concentrations, often attributed to high caloric intake, are recognized as a pivotal factor in the etiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the assessment of acetate breakdown and TCA cycle activity plays a central role in understanding the impact of diet-induced alterations on liver metabolism.

[Cost-effectiveness of using rubidium-82 chloride perfusion PET for planning myocardial revascularization procedures].

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, diagnostic accuracy, clinical outcomes, and radiation exposure associated with rubidium-82 chloride perfusion PET.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search up to October 2024 was conducted to identify key studies assessing the use of rubidium-82 chloride perfusion PET/CT in ischemic heart disease (IHD). These studies included economic analyses, evaluations of diagnostic accuracy, and comparisons with other imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), stress echocardiography, and invasive coronary angiography.

18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT and 3D printing technology for precision diagnosis and treatment of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia: two case reports.

Objective: This study aims to report the application of 18F-AlF-NOTA-Octreotide PET/CT and 3D printing technology in the diagnosis and treatment of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMT) in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO).

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old male patient (Case 1) was admitted to the Weifang People's Hospital in August 2022 with complaints of "persistent pain in the bilateral flank and lumbosacral region". 18F-AlF-NOTA-Octreotide PET/CT showed high octreotide expression in the left femoral region.

Effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii supplements on eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Currently, Vonoprazan (VPZ) and amoxicillin dual regimen (VA-dual) has not achieved satisfied efficacy as the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in China. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of VA-dual plus Saccharomyces boulardii (S.

Ga labeled Olmutinib: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel PET EGFR probe.

Radiolabeled tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) offer a promising approach for molecular imaging of EGFR-positive cancers. Despite the development of various EGFR small-molecule probes, none of the Ga-labeled small-molecule probes based on the chelator DOTA have shown tumor-specific uptake. To address this challenge, we selected Olmutinib, a third-generation EGFR covalent inhibitor, as a PET imaging tracer for EGFR-positive tumors.

Radionuclide-labelled nanoparticles for cancer combination therapy: a review.

Radionuclide therapy (RT) is widely used to advanced local cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited to the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Combination therapy aims to circumvent tumor resistance, and the combination of RT with photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CMT), and immunotherapy has shown promising treatment outcomes.

The Parkinson's disease drug entacapone disrupts gut microbiome homoeostasis via iron sequestration.

Many human-targeted drugs alter the gut microbiome, leading to implications for host health. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well known. Here we combined quantitative microbiome profiling, long-read metagenomics, stable isotope probing and single-cell chemical imaging to investigate the impact of two widely prescribed drugs on the gut microbiome.

[PSMA-targeted therapy in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer].

Introduction: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the most severe form of prostate cancer, developing in about 30% of patients; standard approaches of its treatment often remain ineffective. The development of theranostics principle and the discovery of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) make it possible to implement a new approach in the treatment of patients with mCRPC - PSMA-targeted therapy. It is based on the use of a specific radionuclide (alpha or beta-minus emitter) associated with a ligand (radioligand) that binds to PSMA and has a targeted effect on tumor cells.

Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of diarylamine derivative as Tau-PET radiotracer for Alzheimer's Disease.

The presence of aggregated Tau in the brain is a dominant pathological hallmark of Tauopathies, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, developing ligands that can specifically and sensitively bind to Tau aggregates is essential for diagnosing and monitoring therapeutic interventions. In this study, we further investigated the structural optimization of the diarylamine skeleton, which exhibited promising binding characteristics and biological properties.

Recombinant Human Thyrotropin Plus Radioactive Iodine Among Patients With Thyroid Cancer: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Radioactive iodine (131I or RAI) therapy has long been the standard of care for most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after primary surgery. However, no multicenter prospective studies have identified the optimal administered activity and stimulation method for RAI therapy in patients with intermediate-risk DTC.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thyrotropin (SNA001) with thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) plus 3.

Efficacy of Bismuth Quadruple Therapy in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori-Infected Peptic Ulcer Children in Vietnam.

Background: The continuous increase in drug-resistant strains, the lack of novel antibiotics, and the fewer options available to combat antibiotic-resistant infections in pediatrics pose significant challenges to the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in children. This study evaluated the efficacy of first-line therapy with bismuth quadruple therapy in H.

Rational modifications on N-(4-quinolinoyl)-Gly-2-cyanopyrrolidine to develop fibroblast activation protein-targeted radioligands with improved affinity and tumor uptake.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been an attractive target for cancer imaging and therapy. Radiolabeled FAP-targeting ligands have shown promising results for clinical applications. However, further improvements are ongoing in pursuit of increasing tumor uptake, prolonging tumor residence, and maintenance good tumor-to-background contrast for extensive theranostic application.

Atypical thyroid tests in an athlete treated for hypothyroidism as the first symptom of pituitary dysfunction due to relative energy deficiency.

Summary: Relative energy deficiency in sport occurs in athletes who have limited energy availability. Its typical features include reversible suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In addition, it may be accompanied by hepatic resistance to growth hormone, leading to a decrease in insulin-like growth factor 1 and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Strong Affinity between Astatine and Silver: An Available Approach to Anchoring At in Nanocarrier for Locoregional Oncotherapy.

Recently, At-related endoradiotherapy has emerged as an important oncotherapy strategy. Conjugating At with a nanocarrier provides a vital candidate for radionuclide therapy of various malignant tumors. In this study, we proposed utilizing the intrinsically high affinity of heavy halogens and sulfhydryl compounds for metallic silver to achieve highly efficient conjugation between At and Ag-based nanoparticles in a simple way.

Current status of the prediction for radio-iodine refractory thyroid cancer: a narrative review.

It is well established that patients with the most differentiated thyroid cancers have a good prognosis, whereas when the disease develops into radio-iodine refractory thyroid cancer (RAIR) their prognosis is poor and the 10-year survival rate is low. At present, the therapeutic methods for RAIR are limited and have low efficacy. As a consequence, several models have been developed for predicting RAIR.

[C]Metoclopramide PET can detect a seizure-induced up-regulation of cerebral P-glycoprotein in epilepsy patients.

Background: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter which is abundantly expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various brain diseases. The radiolabelled antiemetic drug [C]metoclopramide is a P-gp substrate for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of P-gp function at the BBB. To assess whether [C]metoclopramide can detect increased P-gp function in the human brain, we employed drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as a model disease with a well characterised, regional P-gp up-regulation at the BBB.

Targeting senescence with radioactive Ra/Ba SAzymes enables senolytics-unlocked One-Two punch strategy to boost anti-tumor immunotherapy.

Senescent cells are characterized by a persistent cessation of their cell cycle, rendering them valuable targets for anti-tumor strategies in cancer treatment. Numerous studies have explored induced senescence as a promising approach in tumor therapy. Nevertheless, these treatments often come with drawbacks, including adverse side effects and weaker senescence-inducing effects.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Ga- and Lu-Labeled [Pro]bombesin(8-14) Derivatives for Detection and Radioligand Therapy of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Expressing Cancer.

The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and represents a promising target for diagnosis and therapy. However, the extremely high accumulation in the pancreas observed for most of the clinically evaluated GRPR-targeted radiopharmaceuticals could limit their applications. In this study, we synthesized one GRPR antagonist (ProBOMB5) and two GRPR agonists (LW02056 and LW02057) by replacing the 4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (Thz) residue in our previously reported GRPR-targeted tracers with Pro.

Nucleos(t)ide analogues potentially activate T lymphocytes through inducing interferon expression in hepatic cells and patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) leads to liver inflammation and dysfunction, resulting in liver fibrosis and cancer. Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV), specifically suppress HBV replication. We proposed that immune modulation benefits seroconversion by HBsAg loss.