Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards - Value of Information (CHEERS-VOI): Explanation and Elaboration.

Objectives: Although the ISPOR Value of Information (VOI) Task Force's reports outline VOI concepts and provide good-practice recommendations, there is no guidance for reporting VOI analyses. VOI analyses are usually performed alongside economic evaluations for which the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 Statement provides reporting guidelines. Thus, we developed the CHEERS-VOI checklist to provide reporting guidance and checklist to support the transparent, reproducible, and high-quality reporting of VOI analyses.

Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 Explanation and Elaboration: A Report of the ISPOR CHEERS II Good Practices Task Force.

Health economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study.

Systematic Review of the Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Rapid Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Rapid endovascular therapy (EVT) is an emerging treatment option for acute ischemic stroke. Several economic evaluations have been published examining the cost-effectiveness of EVT, and many international bodies are currently making adoption decisions. The objective of this study was to establish the cost-effectiveness of EVT for ischemic stroke patients and to synthesize all the publicly available economic literature.

Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.

Objective: To review population-based studies of the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy worldwide and use meta-analytic techniques to explore factors that may explain heterogeneity between estimates.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards were followed. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles published on the prevalence or incidence of epilepsy since 1985.

Cultural differences in stigma surrounding schizophrenia: comparison between Central Europe and North Africa.

Background: Exploring cultural differences may improve understanding about the social processes underlying the stigmatisation of people with mental illness.

Aims: To compare public beliefs and attitudes about schizophrenia in Central Europe and North Africa.

Method: Representative national population surveys conducted in Germany (2011) and in Tunisia (2012), using the same interview mode (face to face) and the same fully structured interview.

Palliative care costs in Canada: A descriptive comparison of studies of urban and rural patients near end of life.

Background: Significant gaps in the evidence base on costs in rural communities in Canada and elsewhere are reported in the literature, particularly regarding costs to families. However, it remains unclear whether the costs related to all resources used by palliative care patients in rural areas differ to those resources used in urban areas.

Aim: The study aimed to compare both the costs that occurred over 6 months of participation in a palliative care program and the sharing of these costs in rural areas compared with those in urban areas.

Does performance-based remuneration for individual health care practitioners affect patient care?: a systematic review.

Background: Pay-for-performance (P4P) is increasingly touted as a means to improve health care quality.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of P4P remuneration targeting individual health care providers.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, OpenSIGLE, Canadian Evaluation Society Unpublished Literature Bank, New York Academy of Medicine Library Grey Literature Collection, and reference lists were searched up until June 2012.

Evaluating the economic loss of caregiving for palliative care patients.

Objective: Our aim is to provide a unified measure of the economic burden faced by families during the palliative phase of care and to compare this measure to Statistics Canada's low-income cut-off.

Methods: Samples of palliative care patients living at home and their main informal caregivers were recruited in five Canadian urban regions. Interviews were performed every two weeks until the patient's passing, up to a maximum of six months.

Integrating palliative care for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: recent advances, remaining challenges.

Patients with ESRD have extensive and unique end-of-life care considerations and needs. Despite substantial advancements in renal palliative care over the past decade, much research is still required. Identifying CKD patients whose illness trajectory has shifted and would likely benefit from a palliative approach to care should be a priority of all nephrology programs.

Meta-analysis: antibiotics for prophylaxis against hemodialysis catheter-related infections.

Background: Catheter-related infections cause morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Purpose: To examine whether topical or intraluminal antibiotics reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection compared with no antibiotic therapy in adults undergoing hemodialysis.

Data Sources: Electronic databases, trial registries, bibliographies, and conference proceedings up to October 2007, with no language restrictions.

Economic analysis of rotavirus-associated diarrhea in the metropolitan Toronto and Peel regions of Ontario.

Objective: To measure the economic cost of rotavirus-associated diarrhea for a selected group of families, in a nonexperimental setting, and to estimate the factors that influence these costs.

Design: Use and other socioeconomic data from a family survey (the Pediatric Rotavirus Epidemiology Study for Immunization) of children who tested positive for rotavirus were collected for the metropolitan Toronto and Peel regions of Ontario during the rotavirus season of 1997-1998. Service costs were estimated from provider data.

The distribution and predictive validity of the stages of change for mammography adoption among Canadian women.

Objective: To examine the predictive validity of the transtheoretical model (TTM) stages of change for mammography participation in Canadian women.

Method: We examined the association between baseline TTM stage of mammography adoption and subsequent mammography participation in a representative sample of 3,125 Canadian women aged 40 and older from the longitudinal Canadian National Population Health Survey.

Results: The likelihood of having a mammogram at follow-up (1998/1999) increased with progressive stages of change at baseline (1996/1997) even after adjusting for potential confounders.

A test of prospect theory.

Objectives: Prospect theory (PT) hypothesizes that people judge states relative to a reference point, usually assumed to be their current health. States better than the reference point are valued on a concave portion of the utility function; worse states are valued on a convex portion. Using prospectively collected utility scores, the objective is to test empirically implications of PT.

Effect of pravastatin on rate of kidney function loss in people with or at risk for coronary disease.

Background: Limited data suggest that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce rates of kidney function loss. We performed this analysis to determine whether pravastatin reduced the rate of kidney function loss over approximately 5 years in people with or at high risk for coronary disease.

Methods And Results: This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of data from 3 randomized double-blind controlled trials comparing pravastatin 40 mg/d and placebo in subjects with a previous acute coronary syndrome or who were at high cardiovascular risk.

Study quality and evidence of benefit in recent assessments of telemedicine.

We carried out a systematic review of recent telemedicine assessments to identify scientifically credible studies that included comparison with a non-telemedicine alternative and that reported administrative changes, patient outcomes or the results of an economic assessment. From 605 publications identified in the literature search, 44 papers met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Four other publications were identified through references cited in one of the retrieved papers and from a separate project to give a total of 48 papers for consideration, which referred to 42 telemedicine programmes and 46 studies.

Improvements in patient-reported outcomes associated with an intervention to enhance quality of care for rural patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine patient-reported outcomes in a controlled trial of a multifaceted provider-level intervention to improve quality of care for rural patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a before/after intervention study with concurrent controls in two rural regions in Alberta, Canada. The intervention consisted of six monthly visits by a multidisciplinary health care team and was primarily directed at primary care providers.

Labour force participation among individuals with hepatitis C in the US.

Background: In 1996, the number of persons newly infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the US was estimated to be 36 000. As a chronic disease that primarily affects younger persons, hepatitis C has the potential to influence employment considerably.

Objective: To estimate employment effects associated with hepatitis C morbidity.

Descriptive patient data as an explanation for the variation in average daily costs in intensive care.

Intensive care patients require therapy that can vary considerably in type, duration and cost, so making it extremely difficult to predict patient resource use. Few studies measure actual costs; usually average daily costs are calculated and these do not reflect the variation in resource use between individual patients. The aim of this study was to analyse a data set of 193 critically ill adult patients to look for associations between routinely collected descriptive data and patient-specific costs.