Analysis of the mitochondrial genome to determine the origins and pathways of entry of in continental Europe (Valencia, Spain).

, the rat lungworm, is a zoonotic parasite mainly of rats which act as definitive hosts. If humans become accidentally infected, the nematode is capable of migrating to the brain causing meningoencephalitis. Intermediate hosts are snails and slugs.

Circulating extracellular vesicles in sera of chronic patients as a method for determining active parasitism in Chagas disease.

Background: Chagas disease, once restricted mainly to the Americas, Chagas disease has become a global health problem due to migration from endemic to non-endemic areas. In non-endemic regions, transmission is limited to vertical transmission from infected mothers to newborns or through blood and organ donations. A major challenge in the management of the disease lies in the diagnosis of chronic cases, as blood-borne parasites are often absent and antibodies persist for life, complicating the evaluation of treatment.

The RAD51 S181P mutation shortens lifespan of female mice.

RAD51 is critical to the homologous recombination (HR) pathway that repairs DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and protects replication forks (RFs). Previously, we showed that the S181P (SP) mutation in RAD51 causes defective RF maintenance but is proficient for DSB repair. Here we report that SP/SP female mice exhibit a shortened lifespan compared to +/+ females but not males.

The impact of sex on gene expression in the brain of schizophrenic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies.

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by altered perception, mood, and behavior that profoundly impacts patients and society despite its relatively low prevalence. Sex-based differences have been described in schizophrenia epidemiology, symptomatology and outcomes. Different studies explored the impact of schizophrenia in the brain transcriptome, however we lack a consensus transcriptomic profile that considers sex and differentiates specific cerebral regions.

Repurposing the Open Global Health Library for the discovery of novel Mpro destabilizers with scope as broad-spectrum antivirals.

The SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic remains globally active. The emergence of new variants of interest and variants of concern (VoCs), which are potentially more vaccine-resistant and less sensitive to existing treatments, is evident due to their high prevalence. The prospective spread of such variants and other coronaviruses with epidemic potential demands preparedness that can be met by developing fast-track workflows to find new candidates that target viral proteins with a clear and phenotype.

NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes expression is modified by LPS and titanium ions increasing the release of active IL-1β in alveolar bone-derived MSCs.

Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory diseases of infectious etiology that lead to the destruction of the supporting tissues located around teeth or implants. Although both pathologies share several characteristics, it is also known that they show important differences which could be due to the release of particles and metal ions from the implant surface. The activation of the inflammasome pathway is one of the main triggers of the inflammatory process.

Emotional intelligence and neurocognition profiles in first-episode psychosis: A two-year follow-up study.

Emotional intelligence (EI) and neurocognition (NC) impairments are common in first-episode psychosis (FEP), yet their evolution over time remains unclear. This study identified patient profiles in EI and NC performance in FEP. 98 adult FEP patients and 128 healthy controls (HCs) were tested on clinical, functional, EI, and NC variables at baseline and two-year follow-up (FUP).

Complete male-to-female sex reversal in XY mice lacking the miR-17~92 cluster.

Mammalian sex determination is controlled by antagonistic gene cascades operating in embryonic undifferentiated gonads. The expression of the Y-linked gene SRY is sufficient to trigger the testicular pathway, whereas its absence in XX embryos leads to ovarian differentiation. Yet, the potential involvement of non-coding regulation in this process remains unclear.

Lysis Physiology of Infected with ssRNA Phage PRR1.

The phage PRR1 belongs to the family, a group of ssRNA bacteriophages that infect Gram-negative bacteria. The variety of host cells is determined by the specificity of PRR1 to a pilus encoded by a broad host range of IncP-type plasmids that confer multiple types of antibiotic resistance to the host. Using strain PAO1 as a host, we analyzed the PRR1 infection cycle, focusing on cell lysis.

Erythropoietin restrains the inhibitory potential of interneurons in the mouse hippocampus.

Severe psychiatric illnesses, for instance schizophrenia, and affective diseases or autism spectrum disorders, have been associated with cognitive impairment and perturbed excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain. Effects in juvenile mice can elucidate how erythropoietin (EPO) might aid in rectifying hippocampal transcriptional networks and synaptic structures of pyramidal lineages, conceivably explaining mitigation of neuropsychiatric diseases. An imminent conundrum is how EPO restores synapses by involving interneurons.

Mitotic abnormalities precede microsatellite instability in lynch syndrome-associated colorectal tumourigenesis.

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes worldwide. Dominantly inherited mutation in one of four DNA mismatch repair genes combined with somatic events leads to mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability (MSI) in tumours. Due to a high lifetime risk of cancer, regular surveillance plays a key role in cancer prevention; yet the observation of frequent interval cancers points to insufficient cancer prevention by colonoscopy-based methods alone.

The role of microRNAs in understanding sex-based differences in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the most frequent cause of dementia-is expected to increase as life expectancies rise across the globe. While sex-based differences in AD have previously been described, there remain uncertainties regarding any association between sex and disease-associated molecular mechanisms. Studying sex-specific expression profiles of regulatory factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) could contribute to more accurate disease diagnosis and treatment.

Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Colorimetric and Surface-Enhanced Raman-Scattering-Based Multiplex Competitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Simultaneous Detection of Histamine and Parvalbumin in Fish.

Foodborne allergies and illnesses represent a major global health concern. In particular, fish can trigger life-threatening food allergic reactions and poisoning effects, mainly caused by the ingestion of parvalbumin toxin. Additionally, preformed histamine in less-than-fresh fish serves as a toxicological alert.

TREX2 deficiency suppresses spontaneous and genotoxin-associated mutagenesis.

TREX2, a 3'-5' exonuclease, is a part of the DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway that stabilizes replication forks (RFs) by ubiquitinating PCNA along with the ubiquitin E3 ligase RAD18 and other DDT factors. Mismatch repair (MMR) corrects DNA polymerase errors, including base mismatches and slippage. Here we demonstrate that TREX2 deletion reduces mutations in cells upon exposure to genotoxins, including those that cause base lesions and DNA polymerase slippage.

Is moderate resistance training adequate for older adults with sarcopenia? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs.

Background: Resistance training (RT) and nutritional supplementation are recommended for the management of sarcopenia in older adults. However, optimal RT intensity for the treatment of sarcopenia has not been well investigated.

Methods: This network meta-analysis aims to determine the comparative effectiveness of interventions for sarcopenia, taking RT intensity into consideration.

Structural dynamics at the active site of the cancer-associated flavoenzyme NQO1 probed by chemical modification with PMSF.

A large conformational heterogeneity of human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a flavoprotein associated with various human diseases, has been observed to occur in the catalytic site of the enzyme. Here, we report the X-ray structure of NQO1 with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) at 1.6 Å resolution.

Application of deep learning to predict the low serum albumin in new hemodialysis patients.

Background: Serum albumin level is a crucial nutritional indicator for patients on dialysis. Approximately one-third of patients on hemodialysis (HD) have protein malnutrition. Therefore, the serum albumin level of patients on HD is strongly correlated with mortality.

The Regulatory Role of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 in Bladder Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) is a key mediator of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and the respiratory chain; however, its role in bladder cancer remains unknown. Transitional cell carcinoma, also known as urothelial cell carcinoma, is the most common type of bladder cancer resistant to chemotherapy. An established high-grade and invasive transitional cell carcinoma line from patients with urinary bladder cancer, known as T24, has been extensively used in cancer research.

Determining plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of EGFR-TKI in lung cancer patients.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are commonly used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A rapid and reliable method for measuring plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of EGFR-TKIs is needed for therapeutic drug monitoring. By using UHPLC‒MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring mode, we developed a method for rapidly determining the plasma and CSF concentrations of gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib.

Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults living with HIV. Current and accurate information about the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults is critical for developing more effective treatments and interventions. However, few studies have been conducted in Ethiopia on the prevalence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults.

Piperazine-derived small molecules as potential Flaviviridae NS3 protease inhibitors. In vitro antiviral activity evaluation against Zika and Dengue viruses.

Since 2011 Direct Acting antivirals (DAAs) drugs targeting different non-structural (NS) viral proteins (NS3, NS5A or NS5B inhibitors) have been approved for clinical use in HCV therapies. However, currently there are not licensed therapeutics to treat Flavivirus infections and the only licensed DENV vaccine, Dengvaxia, is restricted to patients with preexisting DENV immunity. Similarly to NS5 polymerase, the NS3 catalytic region is evolutionarily conserved among the Flaviviridae family sharing strong structural similarity with other proteases belonging to this family and therefore is an attractive target for the development of pan-flavivirus therapeutics.

A Comparison of the Characteristics of Cytokine Storm between Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively common chronic mucocutaneous disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including oral mucosa. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Some evidence suggests that the immune system and inflammation may play a role in the formation and progression of lichen planus.