The Posterior Transcallosal Approach to the Pineal Region and Posterior Third Ventricle: Intervenous and Paravenous Variants.

Background: There are a number of surgical approaches to the posterior third ventricle and pineal region, each with its associated advantages and disadvantages.

Objective: To present our experience with the posterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach and to analyze the indications, technique, and outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to identify and analyze all children and young adults who underwent the posterior transcallosal approach from July 2010 to March 2015.

The application of n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate to repair CSF fistulas for 221 patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery.

Background: The adequate repair of intraoperative CSF leaks during transsphenoidal surgery remains a challenge. The authors describe the application of N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (cyanoacrylate) tissue glue for repair of CSF fistulas during transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 221 consecutive patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery during 1998-2007.

Three-Dimensional Morphometry of the A1 Segment of the Anterior Cerebral Artery With Neurosurgical Relevance.

Background: Despite research in the anatomical sciences for the last 200 years, some structures of the human body remain controversial or incompletely described. One of these structures is the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA).

Objective: To analyze the A1 segment of the ACA using novel stereoscopic methods because the 3-dimensional morphometry of the ACA is important to neurosurgeons.

Johan Georg Raeder (1889-1959) and paratrigeminal sympathetic paresis.

Introduction: Johan Georg Raeder (1889-1959) was the most eminent Norwegian ophthalmologist in the early decades of the last century. Raeder made significant contributions to our current understanding of glaucoma. He is remembered for a syndrome he described, that of trigeminal nerve neuralgia and/or paresis and incomplete Horner's syndrome (oculopupillary sympathetic paresis).

Facial palsy and its management in the Kitab al-Hawi of Rhazes.

More than 1000 years ago, Rhazes practiced rudimentary neurology. This monumental physician wrote more than 200 books in his lifetime and died a blind pauper in the 10th century AD. His Kitab al-Hawi (Liber Continens) was one of the most famous and detailed medical texts of the ancient world.

Outcome of renal transplant in hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis.

Amyloid nephropathy is an unusual manifestation of hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis and may present with proteinuria and progressive renal failure. We report the first case of renal transplantation in a patient with hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis complicated by end-stage renal disease. The patient was a 44-year-old man from the Northwest of Iran who had undergone hemodialysis for 1 year.

Neurosurgical management of intracranial lesions in the pregnant patient: a 36-year institutional experience and review of the literature.

Object: A review of the literature has revealed scant data related to neurosurgical treatment of gravid patients. The authors reviewed their experience with the neurosurgical treatment of pregnant women to better characterize the optimal management strategies for intracranial pathological entities in this population.

Methods: Between July 1969 and July 2005, 34 patients with documented pregnancy and concomitant intracranial pathological entities were treated at the authors' institution.

Vasovagal syncope in the Canon of Avicenna: the first mention of carotid artery hypersensitivity.

Ibn Sina, known as Avicenna in the West, was a celebrated Persian thinker, philosopher, and physician who is remembered for his masterpiece, The Canon of Medicine. The Canon that served as an essential medical encyclopedia for scholars in the Islamic territories and Europe for almost a millennium consisted of 5 books. In the third book, Avicenna described patients with symptoms of carotid hypersensitivity syndrome.