Protocol: Assessing the impact of interest-holder engagement on guideline development: A systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize empirical research on the impacts of interest-holder engagement on the guideline development process and content.

Traditional healing and medicine in dementia care for Indigenous populations in North America, Australia, and New Zealand: Exploring culturally-safe dementia care policy from a global perspective.

Introduction: In 2018, the World Health Organization recognized traditional healers as community stakeholders in dementia care. This scoping review aimed to summarize the existing dementia care literature regarding strategies for the integration of traditional healing in dementia care and the roles of traditional healers.

Methods: A group of Indigenous Elders from Northern Ontario, Canada, guided, reviewed, and validated the research process and findings.

Fostamatinib for immune thrombocytopenic purpura in adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia. Fostamatinib is an orally administered spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor intended to treat refractory ITP. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib as a subsequent-line therapy for ITP in adults.

Trends and inequalities in neonatal mortality rate in Bangladesh: Evidence from cross-sectional surveys.

Background And Aims: Given the significance of addressing neonatal mortality in pursuing the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal on child health, research focus on this area is crucial. Despite the persistent high rates of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Bangladesh, there remains a notable lack of robust evidence addressing inequalities in NMR in the country. Therefore, this study aims to fill the knowledge gap by comprehensively investigating inequalities in NMR in Bangladesh.

Association of a Heart Failure Management Incentive in Primary Care With Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: We aim to examine the association between primary care physicians' billing of Q050A, a pay-for-performance heart failure (HF) management incentive fee code, and the composite outcome of mortality, hospitalization, and emergency department visits.

Methods And Results: This population-based cohort study linked administrative health databases in Ontario, Canada, for patients with HF aged >66 years between January 1, 2008, and March 31, 2020. Cases were patients with HF who had a Q050A fee code billed.

Five-Year Hospital Readmission After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and the Association With Off-Pump Surgery and Sex.

Background Limited data exist on long-term readmission and its association with patient and procedural characteristics after coronary artery bypass grafting. We aimed to investigate 5-year readmission after coronary artery bypass grafting and specifically focus on the role of sex and off-pump surgery. Methods and Results We performed a post hoc analysis of the CORONARY (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting [CABG] Off or On Pump Revascularization) trial, involving 4623 patients.

Examining the utility and accuracy of the interRAI Emergency Department Screener in identifying high-risk older emergency department patients: A Canadian multiprovince prospective cohort study.

Objectives: We set out to determine the accuracy of the interRAI Emergency Department (ED) Screener in predicting the need for detailed geriatric assessment in the ED. Our secondary objective was to determine the discriminative ability of the interRAI ED Screener for predicting the odds of discharge home and extended ED length of stay (>24 hours).

Methods: We conducted a multiprovince prospective cohort study in Canada.

Systematic metabolic characterization of mental disorders reveals age-related metabolic disturbances as potential risk factors for depression in older adults.

Mental disorders are associated with dysregulated metabolism, but comprehensive investigations of their metabolic similarities and differences and their clinical relevance are few. Here, based on the plasma metabolome and lipidome of subcohort1, comprising 100 healthy participants, 55 cases with anxiety, 52 persons with depression, and 41 individuals with comorbidity, which are from WCHAT, a perspective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults aged over 50, multiple metabolites as potential risk factors of mental disorders were identified. Furthermore, participants with mental illnesses were classified into three subtypes (S1, S2, and S3) by unsupervised classification with lipidomic data.

Cost of free open-access medical education (FOAM): An economic analysis of the top 20 FOAM sites.

Background: Free open-access medical education (FOAM) is a growing resource within the field of medicine, in particular, emergency medicine. Yet despite FOAM's contribution to advancing medical education, the precise value of FOAM has never been calculated. As a result, content creators have not been acknowledged, either financially or academically, for their deliverables.

A review of implementation and evaluation of Pan American Health Organization's policies to prevent childhood obesity in Latin America.

Rationale: To inform future policies, the study objectives were to determine to what extent the policies included in the 5-year Plan of Action for the Prevention of Obesity in Children and Adolescents-proposed by Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and signed by 19 Latin America countries in 2014-have been implemented and evaluated.

Methods: A scoping review of the Governmental websites for Latin American countries and a literature review was conducted to identify whether policies have been implemented and evaluated. Key information was abstracted.

Gender differences in emergency medicine standardized letters of evaluation.

Objectives: The Standardized Letter of Evaluation (SLOE) is a vital portion of any medical student's emergency medicine (EM) residency application. Prior literature suggests gender bias in EM SLOE comparative ranking, but there is limited understanding of the impact of gender on other SLOE components. The study objective was to evaluate the presence of gender differences in the 7 Qualifications for EM (7QEM), Global Assessment (GA), and anticipated Rank List (RL) position.

An interdisciplinary program for familiar faces with chronic pain visiting the emergency department-randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a collaborative interdisciplinary pain assessment program on pain and health-related quality of life among individuals with chronic pain who frequently visit the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Individuals with chronic pain who frequented the ED (ie, ≥8 visits within the previous 12 months) were randomly assigned to a collaborative chronic pain management program or treatment as usual. Primary outcomes were change in physical function and visits to the ED from baseline to 12 months using validated measures.

Temporal Trends and Factors Associated With the Inclusion of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Heart Failure Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review.

Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important measures of treatment response in heart failure. We assessed temporal trends in and factors associated with inclusion of PROs in heart failure randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods and Results We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published between January 2000 and July 2020 in journals with an impact factor ≥10.

Treatment Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Men Versus Women With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background Women are less likely to receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) than men. A potential reason is risk aversion because of the worse outcomes with pPCI among women. However, whether pPCI is associated with a comparable mortality benefit in men and women remains unknown.

Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Inhibitors and Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular outcomes including mortality in several populations; however, their effect on atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) remains unclear. Our objective was to determine whether SGLT inhibitors reduce AF and whether a history of AF modifies the effect of SGLT inhibitors on the composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death. Methods and Results We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL to March 2021.

New-Onset Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Long-Term Risk of Adverse Events: An Analysis From the CORONARY Trial.

Background Perioperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Conflicting evidence exists whether patients with POAF after cardiac surgery have an increased long-term risk of stroke and other adverse events. Methods and Results We prospectively followed for up to 5 years 4624 patients without prior atrial fibrillation who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in an international study.

The methodological and reporting characteristics of Campbell reviews: A systematic review.

Background: The Campbell Collaboration undertakes systematic reviews of the effects of social and economic policies (interventions) to help policymakers, practitioners, and the public to make well-informed decisions about policy interventions. In 2010, the Cochrane Collaboration and the Campbell Collaboration developed a voluntary co-registration policy under the rationale to make full use of the shared interests and diverse expertise from different review groups within these two organizations. In order to promote the methodological quality and transparency of Campbell intervention reviews, the Methodological Expectations of Campbell Collaboration Intervention Reviews (MECCIR) were introduced in 2014 to guide Campbell reviewers.

Temporal Trends and Sex Differences in Intensity of Healthcare at the End of Life in Adults With Heart Failure.

Background Patients with chronic disease prefer an adequately supported death at home, but often die in the hospital. We assessed temporal trends and sex differences in healthcare intensity and location of death among decedents with heart failure. Methods and Results This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with heart failure who died between April 1, 2004 and March 31, 2017 in Ontario, Canada.

Consistency of triage scores by presenting complaint pre- and post-implementation of a real-time electronic triage decision support tool.

Objective: eCTAS is a real-time electronic decision-support tool designed to standardize the application of the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS). This study addresses the variability of CTAS score distributions across institutions pre- and post-eCTAS implementation.

Methods: We used population-based administrative data from 2016-2018 from all emergency departments (EDs) that had implemented eCTAS for 9 months.

Latent class analysis of obesity-related characteristics and associations with body mass index among young children.

Objective: Identifying how obesity-related characteristics cluster in populations is important to understand disease risk. Objectives of this study were to identify classes of children based on obesity-related variables and to evaluate the associations between the identified classes and overweight and obesity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children 3-11 years of age ( = 5185) from the network (2008-2018).

Using pharmacokinetics for tailoring prophylaxis in people with hemophilia switching between clotting factor products: A scoping review.

The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the current use of pharmacokinetics for tailoring prophylaxis in hemophilia patients switching between clotting factor products. Patients with hemophilia may require switching of clotting factor concentrates due to a variety of factors, but there have been perceived risks associated with switching, such as inhibitor development or suboptimal protection due to inadequate dosing while titrating treatment. Studies that look at patients switching from one clotting factor concentrate to another are categorized in terms of their primary and/or secondary objectives, notably biosimilarity and comparative pharmacokinetic studies and inhibitor development studies.

Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Mutations in Parkinson's Disease-Related Genes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), and careful selection of candidates is a key component of successful therapy. Although it is recognized that factors such as age, disease duration, and levodopa responsiveness can influence outcomes, it is unclear whether genetic background should also serve as a parameter.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to explore studies that have evaluated DBS in patients with mutations in PD-related genes.