Cost-Utility Analysis of LifeVest® in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients at Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in England.

Background: Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) within the first months after a myocardial infarction (MI). The wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) is an established, safe and effective solution which can protect patients from SCD during the first months after an MI, when the risk of SCD is at its peak. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of WCD combined with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) compared to GDMT alone, after MI in the English National Health Service (NHS).

Natural variations of adolescent neurogenesis and anxiety predict the hierarchical status of adult inbred mice.

Hierarchy provides a survival advantage to social animals in challenging circumstances. In mice, social dominance is associated with trait anxiety which is regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we test whether adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis may regulate social dominance behavior in adulthood.

Novel euthanasia technique for zebrafish using electric shock in standard group housing aquaria.

Zebrafish are widely used in research, accounting for approximately 50% of all laboratory fish across Europe. Due to their rapid reproduction and aging, effective and practical euthanasia methods are necessary for managing large stocks. This study investigated whether adult zebrafish can be euthanised by delivering an electrical current directly via the water in their housing aquaria.

Patients' reasons for declining a primary care trial online therapy: a mixed methods study.

Background: Integrating therapist-led sessions and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) materials within one online platform may be effective for people with depression. A trial evaluating this mode of delivering CBT is being conducted. To maximize future trial recruitment and understand patients' views of health interventions, it is important to explore reasons for declining to participate.

Endosymbionts as hidden players in tripartite pathosystem of interactions and potential candidates for sustainable viral disease management.

The convoluted relationships between plants, viruses, and arthropod vectors housing bacterial endosymbionts are pivotal in the spread of harmful plant viral diseases. Endosymbionts play key roles in: manipulating host responses, influencing insect resistance to pesticides, shaping insect evolution, and bolstering virus acquisition, retention, and transmission. This interplay presents an innovative approach for developing sustainable strategies to manage plant diseases.

Philanthropic drug development: understanding its importance, mechanisms, and future prospects.

Philanthropic drug development (PDD) addresses gaps in traditional pharmaceutical innovation, particularly for rare and underserved diseases. Cost and timeline challenges discourage new investments, especially in niche therapeutic areas. Patient organizations (POs) are uniquely positioned to help to reduce development challenges by providing expertise, supporting early research, fostering collaborations, and driving patient-centered clinical trials.

Identification of a Novel Cuproptosis Inducer That Induces ER Stress and Oxidative Stress to Trigger Immunogenic Cell Death in Tumors.

Cuproptosis, a copper-dependent form of regulated cell death, has been implicated in the progression and treatment of various tumors. The copper ionophores, such as Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug previously used to treat alcohol dependence, have been found to induce cuproptosis. However, the limited solubility and effectiveness of the combination of DSF and copper ion restrict its widespread application.

Effects of lifetime feeding of hydrolyzed yeast to broiler breeders on egg production, quality, and hatchling attributes.

The effects of lifetime feeding of hydrolyzed yeast (HY) to broiler breeders (BB) on egg production, egg quality, and hatchling attributes were investigated. The birds were selected from two groups reared on diets with or without 0.05 % HY from hatch.

In vitro comparison of cerumenolytic efficacy: 2.5 % sodium bicarbonate versus 0.5 % sodium docusate based on cerumen weight gain.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the cerumenolytic efficacy of 2.5 % sodium bicarbonate prepared in-house with that of commercially available 0.5 % sodium docusate, utilizing cerumen weight gain and disintegration degree as metrics.

Enhancing the performance of polyfarnesene-based bio-rubbers with surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers.

As the rubber industry seeks sustainable alternatives to mitigate its environmental impact, this study introduces a biobased approach using polyfarnesene rubber reinforced with plasma-modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNC) and nanofibers (MCNF). The nanocellulose was modified by plasma-induced polymerization using trans-β-farnesene and was characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, TGA, and SEM to confirm the grafting of farnesene-derived polymer chains onto the cellulose surface, demonstrating the successful modification and integration of the nanoparticles. Polyfarnesene bio-based rubbers were synthesized through two different polymerization techniques: solution-based coordination polymerization (PFA1) and emulsion-based free radical polymerization (PFA2).

An application of matching algorithms to generalize small-area estimates of chronic pain prevalence to neighbourhoods across England.

Background: Local decision-makers lack granular data on the prevalence of chronic pain in their populations. We applied matching methods to generalize estimates from one local survey in England to other neighborhoods across the country with a similar sociodemographic composition.

Methods: We used propensity score matching to match lower-layer super output areas (LSOA) across England with 230 surveyed LSOAs in North Staffordshire by age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, and rurality.

Increasing Access Through Integration: Behavioral Health Services and Beyond.

An academic health center (AHC) that provides primary care to an urban, underresourced population recognized the need for an integrated model of care to address behavioral health needs. The Ambulatory Integration of the Medical and Social (AIMS) Collaborative Care Model's five pillars provided the framework and enhanced outcomes through tailored initiatives at the AHC, expanding to onsite satellite locations in senior subsidized housing, and through telehealth services. The results showed increased access to behavioral health care and improved depression and anxiety symptoms.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Resection of Localized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Following Preoperative FOLFIRINOX.

Importance: The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX (combination leucovorin calcium [folinic acid], fluorouracil, irinotecan hydrochloride, and oxaliplatin in full or modified dosing) chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) is unclear because current studies do not account for the number of cycles of preoperative chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy regimen.

Objective: To investigate the association of adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX with OS, taking into account the number of cycles of preoperative chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy regimen.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with 2 to 11 cycles of preoperative (m)FOLFIRINOX followed by resection across 48 centers in 20 countries from 2010 to 2018.

Cocaine and aortic dissection: the need for collaboration to overcome the underreporting bias.

The dissection of the aorta is a serious and potentially fatal consequence of cocaine use. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms and characteristics of this phenomenon remain to be deeply studied. The autopsy case of a 46-year-old white male found irresponsive and unconscious in his house and had a history of abusing cocaine is presented.

Prescriptions (Rx) for Prevention: Clinical Tools for Integrating Environmental Health into Pediatric Clinical Care.

The integration of environmental health (EH) into routine clinical care for children is in its early stages. The vision of pediatric EH is that all clinicians caring for children are aware of and able to help connect families to needed resources to reduce harmful environmental exposures and increase health-enhancing ones. Environmental exposures include air pollution, substandard housing, lead, mercury, pesticides, consumer products chemicals, drinking water contaminants, industrial facility emissions and, increasingly, climate change-related extreme weather and heat events.

Home math environment as a mediator of socioeconomic differences in early math skills: A study of Chinese families from disparate backgrounds.

Children exhibit substantial variation in their early math skills, with pronounced achievement gaps by socioeconomic status (SES) observable even before formal schooling. These SES-related differences in math skills are long-standing and globally observed, prompting investigations into how SES variations in home math environment contribute to early math development. The present study employed a mixed-methods design to examine the relations among SES, key aspects of home math environment, and early math skills in a non-Western context.

Opportunities for More Tailored Approaches to Genotoxicity Testing and Carcinogenicity Strategy for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Outcome of an Industry Survey.

The Oligonucleotide Nonclinical Working Group (WG) of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations conducted an industry survey to understand current practices and regulatory expectations for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity assessment of oligonucleotide therapeutics (ONTs), along with historical genotoxicity testing results. The survey, involving 29 pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, revealed a consistent absence of genotoxicity across a diverse range of oligonucleotide classes and chemistries, consistent with previous observations. Despite the lack of genotoxicity, companies continue to follow standard testing guidelines, with only limited divergence.

Evaluation of Drug-Polymer and Drug-Drug Interaction in Cellulosic Multi-Drug Delivery Matrices.

Multi-drug delivery systems have gained increasing interest from the pharmaceutical industry. Alongside this is the interest in amorphous solid dispersions as an approach to achieve effective oral delivery of compounds with solubility-limited bioavailability. Despite this, there is limited information regarding predicting the behavior of two or more drugs (in amorphous forms) in a polymeric carrier and whether molecular interactions between the compounds, between each compound, and if the polymer have any effect on the physical properties of the system.

Engineering a high-throughput clone for industrial-scale production of long-acting GLP-1 analogue with retained bio-efficacy.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are critical global health issues with rising incidence rates. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have emerged as effective treatments due to their ability to regulate blood glucose levels and gastric emptying through central nervous signals involving hypothalamic receptors, such as leptin. To address the short plasma half-life of native GLP-1, a C-16 fatty acid was conjugated to lysine in the GLP-1 analogue sequence to enhance its longevity.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Decarbonization Potential of Global Fired Clay Brick Production.

Fired clay bricks (FCBs) are a dominant building material globally due to their low cost and simplicity of production, especially in low- and middle-income countries. With a projected rising housing demand, commensurate growth in brick demand is anticipated, the production of which could result in significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Robust models are needed to estimate brick demand and emissions to systematically address decarbonization pathways.

High-throughput markerless pose estimation and home-cage activity analysis of tree shrew using deep learning.

Background: Quantifying the rich home-cage activities of tree shrews provides a reliable basis for understanding their daily routines and building disease models. However, due to the lack of effective behavioral methods, most efforts on tree shrew behavior are limited to simple measures, resulting in the loss of much behavioral information.

Methods: To address this issue, we present a deep learning (DL) approach to achieve markerless pose estimation and recognize multiple spontaneous behaviors of tree shrews, including drinking, eating, resting, and staying in the dark house, etc.

Retrospective descriptive report comparing access systems to refine intravenous self-administration in rats.

For operant self-administration, permanent intravenous cannulas need to remain open and operational for months without infections or blockages. Here, we report retrospectively on our experiences and observations using different access systems during three studies. We identified a refined method for vena jugularis cannulation that is a vast improvement for the animals, biotechnicians and researchers.

Development of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), on pork tissue at two temperatures.

The house fly, Musca domestica, L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a filth fly that is often associated with criminal and civil investigations surrounding abuse, neglect, and death of humans and other vertebrates. However, development data, which are crucial for determining the age of immatures collected under forensically relevant circumstances, are limited.

Altered Atlas of Exercise-Responsive MicroRNAs Revealing miR-29a-3p Attacks Armored and Cold Tumors and Boosts Anti-B7-H3 Therapy.

Increasing evidence has shown that physical exercise remarkably inhibits oncogenesis and progression of numerous cancers and exercise-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) exert a marked role in exercise-mediated tumor suppression. In this research, expression and prognostic values of exercise-responsive miRNAs were examined in breast cancer (BRCA) and further pan-cancer types. In addition, multiple independent public and in-house cohorts, in vitro assays involving multiple, macrophages, fibroblasts, and tumor cells, and in vivo models were utilized to uncover the tumor-suppressive roles of miR-29a-3p in cancers.

Multimodal machine learning for analysing multifactorial causes of disease-The case of childhood overweight and obesity in Mexico.

Background: Mexico has one of the highest global incidences of paediatric overweight and obesity. Public health interventions have shown only moderate success, possibly from relying on knowledge extracted using limited types of statistical data analysis methods.

Purpose: To explore if multimodal machine learning can enhance identifying predictive features from obesogenic environments and investigating complex disease or social patterns, using the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.