Polypharmacy and the risk of drug-drug interactions and potentially inappropriate medications in hospital psychiatry.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of polypharmacy in hospital psychiatry. Another aim was to investigate predictors of the number of drugs taken and the associated risks of drug-drug interactions and potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly.

Methods: Daily prescription data were obtained from a pharmacovigilance project sponsored by the Innovations Funds of the German Federal Joint Committee.

Whole-body R2∗ mapping to quantify tissue iron in iron storage organs: reference values and a genotype.

Aim: To define reference values for the transverse relaxation rate (R2∗) in iron storage organs and to investigate the role of human haemochromatosis protein (HFE) genotype on iron storage.

Materials And Methods: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including a five-echo gradient-echo sequence was performed in 483 volunteers (269 men, mean age 59.3 ± 12.

Network analysis methods for studying microbial communities: A mini review.

Microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, protists and archaea live as communities in complex and contiguous environments. They engage in numerous inter- and intra- kingdom interactions which can be inferred from microbiome profiling data. In particular, network-based approaches have proven helpful in deciphering complex microbial interaction patterns.

Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in transplant recipients.

Purpose Of Review: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is considered one of the most promising and socioeconomically sustainable strategy to help control the pandemic and several vaccines are currently being distributed in nationwide mass immunization campaigns. Very limited data are available on benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients and in particular in solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients as they were excluded from phase III trials. This review summarizes current knowledge, international guidelines and controversies regarding COVID-19 vaccination in these vulnerable populations.

Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in ECG Using Co-Occurrence Patterns of Dynamic Symbol Assignment and Machine Learning.

Early detection of atrial fibrillation from electrocardiography (ECG) plays a vital role in the timely prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Various algorithms have been proposed; however, they are lacking in considering varied-length signals, morphological transitions, and abnormalities over long-term recordings. We propose dynamic symbolic assignment (DSA) to differentiate a normal sinus rhythm (SR) from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).

Mobile Health Applications for Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Diseases of the Shoulder: A Systematic Analysis.

Rehabilitation of musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) of the shoulder is a multifaceted long-term process, which is often not transparent to affected patients. Mobile health applications (apps) have the potential to support this complex process by improving patients' self-management skills. However, there seems to be a lack of apps providing a holistic approach to motivate and guide patients during the whole rehabilitation process.

Preliminary Analysis of Structured Reporting in the HiGHmed Use Case Cardiology: Challenges and Measures.

The HiGHmed consortium aims to create a shared information governance framework to integrate clinical routine data. One challenge is the replacement of unstructured reporting (e.g.

Automatic Detection of Metadata Errors in a Registry of Clinical Studies Using Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) Graphs.

Registries of clinical studies such as ClinicalTrials.gov are an important source of information. However, the process of manually entering metadata is prone to errors which impedes their use and thereby the overall usefulness of the registry.

Non-Parametric Classifiers Based Emotion Classification Using Electrodermal Activity and Modified Hjorth Features.

In this work, an attempt has been made to classify various emotional states in Electrodermal Activity (EDA) signals using modified Hjorth features and non-parametric classifiers. For this, the EDA signals are collected from a publicly available online database. The EDA is decomposed into SCL (Skin Conductance Level) and SCR (Skin Conductance Response).

Differentiation of Alzheimer Conditions in MR Brain Images Using a Single Inception Module Network.

In this study, an attempt has been made to differentiate Alzheimer's Disease (AD) stages in structural Magnetic Resonance (MR) images using single inception module network. For this, T1-weighted MR brain images of AD, mild cognitive impairment and Normal Controls (NC) are obtained from a public database. From the images, significant features are extracted and classified using an inception module network.

Emotion Recognition in EEG Signals Using Decision Fusion Based Electrode Selection.

Emotions are essential for the intellectual ability of human beings defined by perception, concentration, and actions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) responses have been studied in different lobes of the brain for emotion recognition. An attempt has been made in this work to identify emotional states using time-domain features, and probabilistic random forest based decision fusion.

Image Processing of Conventional Computer Tomography Images for Segmentation of the Human Cochlea.

Against the background of increasing numbers of indications for Cochlea implants (CIs), there is an increasing need for a CI outcome prediction tool to assist the process of deciding on the best possible treatment solution for each individual patient prior to intervention. The hearing outcome depends on several features in cochlear structure, the influence of which is not entirely known as yet. In preparation for surgical planning a preoperative CT scan is recorded.

Development of a Role Model for the Use of Smart Home Based Data in Medical Care.

Smart home systems create new opportunities for patient care. In this paper, a role model is created for the different groups of people involved in the care process of an occupant. Based on a systematic literature review seven roles were identified.

Analysing the Selection of Appropriate Technical Solutions for Nurses in a Clinical Setting.

This work focuses the selection of technical solutions for professional nursing in a clinical setting. For a participatory approach the needs of the nursing staff are queried and analysed. Supplemented by data of patients a baseline for the selection of technical solutions is created.

Transformation of microbiology data into a standardised data representation using OpenEHR.

The spread of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) is a global healthcare challenge. Nosocomial outbreaks caused by MDRO are an important contributor to this threat. Computer-based applications facilitating outbreak detection can be essential to address this issue.

Proposing an International Standard Accident Number for Interconnecting Information and Communication Technology Systems of the Rescue Chain.

Background: The rapid dissemination of smart devices within the internet of things (IoT) is developing toward automatic emergency alerts which are transmitted from machine to machine without human interaction. However, apart from individual projects concentrating on single types of accidents, there is no general methodology of connecting the standalone information and communication technology (ICT) systems involved in an accident: systems for alerting (e.g.

OnTARi: an ontology for factors influencing therapy adherence to rehabilitation.

Background: Adherence and motivation are key factors for successful treatment of patients with chronic diseases, especially in long-term care processes like rehabilitation. However, only a few patients achieve good treatment adherence. The causes are manifold.

Evidence-Based Health Informatics as the Foundation for the COVID-19 Response: A Joint Call for Action.

Background: As a major public health crisis, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrates the urgent need for safe, effective, and evidence-based implementations of digital health. The urgency stems from the frequent tendency to focus attention on seemingly high promising digital health interventions despite being poorly validated in times of crisis.

Aim: In this paper, we describe a joint call for action to use and leverage evidence-based health informatics as the foundation for the COVID-19 response and public health interventions.

A fetal wave of human type 3 effector γδ cells with restricted TCR diversity persists into adulthood.

Accumulating evidence suggests that the mouse embryonic thymus produces distinct waves of innate effector γδ T cells. However, it is unclear whether this process occurs similarly in humans and whether it comprises a dedicated subset of innate-like type 3 effector γδ T cells. Here, we present a protocol for high-throughput sequencing of and pairs that comprise the clonal γδTCR.

The International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI): 2020 Report.

Objectives: To summarize the major activities of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI) in the 2020 time period and to welcome its 2020 Class of Fellows.

Method: Report from the members of the Academy's Board.

Results: Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, both Plenary meetings in 2020 had to be organized as virtual meetings.

Wearable Devices in Health Monitoring from the Environmental towards Multiple Domains: A Survey.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the environmental, behavioral, physiological, and psychological domains that impact adversely human health, well-being, and quality of life (QoL) in general. The environmental domain has significant interaction with the others. With respect to proactive and personalized medicine and the Internet of medical things (IoMT), wearables are most important for continuous health monitoring.

The microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of peripheral regulatory T cell induction within mesenteric lymph nodes.

Intestinal Foxp3 regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets are crucial players in tolerance to microbiota-derived and food-borne antigens, and compelling evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota modulates their generation, functional specialization, and maintenance. Selected bacterial species and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been reported to promote Treg homeostasis in the intestinal lamina propria. Furthermore, gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) are particularly efficient sites for the generation of peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs).

Carrying asymptomatic gallstones is not associated with changes in intestinal microbiota composition and diversity but cholecystectomy with significant dysbiosis.

Gallstone disease affects up to twenty percent of the population in western countries and is a significant contributor to morbidity and health care expenditure. Intestinal microbiota have variously been implicated as either contributing to gallstone formation or to be affected by cholecystectomy. We conducted a large-scale investigation on 404 gallstone carriers, 580 individuals post-cholecystectomy and 984 healthy controls with similar distributions of age, sex, body mass index, smoking habits, and food-frequency-score.