The Comparative Effects Between Long-Term and Short-Term Treatment of Finasteride on Anxiety-Like and Depression-Like Behaviors in Early Senescent Male Rats.

This study aims to compare the efficacy of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) on anxiety and depression between long-term and short-term treatment followed by withdrawal in d-galactose (Dgal)-induced senescent male rats. Thirty-two, 8-week-old, male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control rats and Dgal-treated rats (150 mg/kg/day; subcutaneously) for 18 weeks. At week 13, Dgal-treated rats were subdivided into three subgroups: (1) vehicle (DgV), (2) long-term treatment with 5ARIs, Finasteride 5 mg/kg/day, per oral for 6 weeks (DgF), (3) short-term treatment with 5ARIs, Finasteride 5 mg/kg/day, per oral for 2 weeks followed by a 4-week withdrawal period (DgW).

Factors and prediction model associated with resumption of social outings in stroke survivors 6 months after onset: a multicenter prospective study.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with the resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset and develop a simple clinically practical prediction model.

Materials And Methods: Participants were recruited from first-ever stroke survivors admitted to three rehabilitation wards, and resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset was assessed using the Japanese version of the Frenchay Activities Index. The association of physical and cognitive functions with activities of daily living at admission to the rehabilitation ward and resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset was examined using logistic regression and decision trees.

Immune mRNA Expression and Fecal Microbiome Composition Change Induced by Djulis ( Koidz.) Supplementation in Aged Mice: A Pilot Study.

: The aging process has always been associated with a higher susceptibility to chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Several studies have demonstrated the gut microbiome's influence on the lungs through cross-talk or the gut-lungs axis maintaining nutrient-rich microenvironments. Taiwan djulis ( Koidz.

A Two-Hit Approach Inducing Flurothyl Seizures in Fmr1 Knockout Mice Impacts Anxiety and Repetitive Behaviors.

Background: Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the leading monogenetic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is associated with seizures. We examined the impact of repeated seizures on the behavioral and molecular changes in male Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice.

Methods: Seizures were induced by administering three flurothyl seizures per day across postnatal days (PD) 7-11, for a total of 15 seizures.

Sex-specific behavioral, cardiac, and neuroendocrine responses to repeated witness social stress in adult rats.

In humans, sex disparities exist in the prevalence of social stress-related disorders, yet our understanding of the predisposing factors and underlying mechanisms is still elusive. Also at the preclinical level, the investigation of sex differences in social stress responses is limited. In this study, adult male and female wild-type Groningen rats were repeatedly exposed to witness social defeat stress (WS) to assess sex-specific behavioral, neuroendocrine, and cardiac responses to the same social stress paradigm.

How do adolescents perceive body image and respond to body dissatisfaction?

Objectives: To assess adolescents' attitudes, satisfaction, and practices regarding their body image across body mass index (BMI) categories.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey (2019-2020), we recorded anthropometry of 2,089 girls and boys between 13 and 17 years from semi-urban schools in western India. Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used for multidimensional attitudinal assessment of body image and weight-related variables.

Initial experimentation with tobacco is associated with subsequent tobacco use patterns among youth in the United States.

Understanding the association between initial experimentation with a tobacco product and subsequent patterns of tobacco use among youth is important to informing prevention activities for youth in the US. We conducted an online survey from August to October 2017 among youth aged 13-18 years. The current analysis focused on respondents reporting initial experimentation with any tobacco product (n = 2,022).

Parasitic behaviour and developmental morphology of reared on the factitious host .

The egg parasitoid is a key natural enemy in the biological control of various agricultural and forestry pests. It is particularly used against the brown marmorated stink bug and the emerging defoliator pest in East Asia. It has been proved that the eggs of can be used as a factitious host for the mass production of .

Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment in Drosophila Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with common behavioral symptoms including deficits in social interaction and ability for communication, enhanced restricted or repetitive behaviors, and also, in some cases, learning disability and motor deficit. Drosophila has served as an unparalleled model organism for modeling a great number of human diseases. As many genes have been implicated in ASD, fruit flies have emerged as a powerful and efficient way to test the genes putatively involved with the disorder.

Novel enrichment reduces boredom-associated behaviors in housed dairy cows.

There is currently societal interest and concern for dairy cow welfare. It has been suggested that boredom poses a welfare issue for dairy cows, particularly when presented with extended disposable time in housed environments that lack stimuli. Farm animals experience a multitude of affective states, which has created a need for positive experiences to be included in welfare management.

Unveiling directional physiological coupling in human-horse interactions.

This research investigates the human-horse bond, aiming to unveil the physiological mechanisms regulating interspecies interactions. We hypothesized observing a physiological synchronization in human-horse dynamics, akin to human interactions. Through time-frequency Granger causality analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and behavioral data, this study reveals the establishment of bidirectional synchronization in HRV between humans and horses.

Early positive tactile stimulation reverses the increase of anxiety and decrease of sociality induced by early chronic mechanical pain in mandarin voles.

Animals may experience early negative (mechanical pain: being retrieved using an incisor by parents or attacked) or positive stimulation (being licked and groomed) that may affect emotional and social behaviors in adulthood. Whether positive tactile stimulation can reverse adverse consequences on emotional and social behaviors in adulthood resulting from chronic mechanical pain and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study used a tail-pinching model during development to simulate mechanical pain experienced by pups in high-social mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus).

Long-lasting behavioral and neurochemical effects of early-life environmental enrichment in rats submitted to neonatal morphine administration.

The present study examined the medium- and long-term effects of early environmental enrichment (EE) on neuromotor, nociceptive, cognitive, behavioral, and neurochemical parameters in newborn rats repeatedly exposed to morphine. The study employed 90 Wistar rats: 10 adult nulliparous females and 80 male pups. Litter was split into standard and EE housing.

Artificially reared ewes cannot be distinguished from natural reared ewes based on observed maternal behavior or lamb weaning weights.

Artificially rearing lambs is an important component of United States sheep production as some flocks select for increasing litter size to boost productivity. However, there is a conception among shepherds that artificially reared ewe lambs will ultimately result in poor mothers since they were not naturally raised. The objective of this study was to determine if differences in maternal behavior could be detected between ewes raised artificially and those raised naturally and if dam rearing type had an impact on lamb growth performance.

Effects of Menopause and High Fat Diet on Metabolic Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: About two-thirds of those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are women, most of whom are post-menopausal. Menopause accelerates dementia risk by increasing the risk for metabolic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Mid-life metabolic disease (obesity, diabetes/prediabetes) is a well-known risk factor for dementia.

Tracking dustbathing behavior of cage-free laying hens with machine vision technologies.

Dustbathing (DB) is a functionally important maintenance behavior in birds that clean plumage, realigns feather structures, removes feather lipids, which helps to remove parasites and prevents feathers from becoming too oily. Among different natural behaviors birds perform in cage-free (CF) housing, DB is one of the important behavior related to bird welfare. Earlier studies have identified DB behavior using manual method such as counting number of DB bouts, and duration of DB bouts from video recordings.

Influences of quality of maternal care and environmental enrichment on associative memory function in rats with early life lead exposure.

Introduction: Children in low socioeconomic status (SES) communities are at higher risk of exposure to lead (Pb) and potentially more severe adverse outcomes from Pb exposures. While the factors encompassing SES are complex, low SES households often have less enriching home environments and parent-child interactions. This study investigated the extent to which environmental/behavioral factors (quality of maternal care and richness of the postnatal environment) may modify adverse effects from Pb exposure.

Drunk in China? The Imperative for Effective Interventions Against Alcohol Abuse.

Background: Alcohol use and abuse remain prevalent in China, though mounting evidence shows that even drinking in moderation is detrimental to health. While many countries' intake is on the decline, China's alcohol consumption is rising fast and is on the path to overtaking countries like the United States, even on a per capita level.

Objectives: This paper aims to analyze the danger of lax enforcement of laws and regulations against alcohol use and abuse and underscores the imperative for effective health interventions to curb problematic alcohol consumption in China.

Appraising motivation as a predictor of independence in individual activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke: a retrospective study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of motivation on independence in activities of daily living, such as eating, getting up, and rehabilitation, in subacute stroke patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively assessed the data of 191 first-stroke patients in a rehabilitation hospital ward. Motivation was examined using the following five elements of the Vitality Index: waking pattern, communication, feeding, on and off toilet, and rehabilitation and other activities.

Behavioral regression in shank3 mice during early adulthood corresponds to cerebellar granule cell glutamatergic synaptic changes.

Background: , a gene encoding a synaptic scaffolding protein, is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is disrupted in Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). Despite evidence of regression or worsening of ASD-like symptoms in individuals with PMS, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although is highly expressed in the cerebellar cortical granule cells, its role in cerebellar function and contribution to behavioral deficits in ASD models are unknown.

Genotypes analysis and antifungal susceptibility of strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis in Jordan using PCR targeting 25SrDNA and ALT repeat sequences of the RPS.

Background & Objectives: Genotypic identification of the etiologic agents of vaginal candidiasis (VC) is of significance in epidemiologic studies and in the establishment of adequate treatment protocol. The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility and gene diversity of isolated from a group of Jordanian women with VC.

Methods: A total of 312 isolates of candida species, recovered from women with vaginal candidiasis who attended gynecology clinics affiliated to three major private hospitals in Amman over a period of five months (July 2020 to December 2020) were included in this study.

Neurostructural Consequences of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy in Childhood.

Background: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is a condition impairing limb function caused by birth injury. In 20 to 30% of cases, severe OBPP can cause life constraints in feeding, grooming, and clothing tasks.

Objective: The present study, using voxel- and surface-based morphometry (VBM and SBM), examined the brain structure of pediatric OBPP patients to better understand the effects of this peripheral motor deficit on early brain development.

The function of OforOrco in the allogrooming behavior of Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) induced by Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1).

Termites are consistently confronted with a complex microbial environment. In addition to the role of their innate immune system in resisting pathogen infection, social immune behavior also plays a significant role in helping termites withstand the stress caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The allogrooming behavior among different individuals is commonly observed in termites, and it plays a crucial role in the social immune interaction network.