Length of hospital and intensive care unit stay in patients with invasive candidiasis and/or candidemia treated with rezafungin: a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials.

Background: Invasive candidiasis/candidemia (IC/C) is associated with a substantial health economic burden driven primarily by prolonged hospital stay. The once-weekly IV echinocandin, rezafungin acetate, has demonstrated non-inferiority to caspofungin in the treatment of IC/C. This paper reports a post hoc pooled exploratory analysis of length of stay (LoS) for hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays in two previously published clinical trials (ReSTORE [NCT03667690] and STRIVE [NCT02734862], that compared rezafungin with daily IV caspofungin (stable patients in the caspofungin group who met relevant criteria could step down to fluconazole after 3 days or more).

Dentifragilones A-B and Other Benzoic Acid Derivatives from the European Basidiomycete .

A chemical and biological exploration of the European polypore afforded two previously undescribed natural products ( and ), together with three known derivatives (-). Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed through 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, mass spectrometry, and by comparison with the reported literature. The relative and absolute configurations of were determined according to the ROESY spectrum and time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD), respectively.

Silver Organometallics that are Highly Potent Thioredoxin and Glutathione Reductase Inhibitors: Exploring the Correlations of Solution Chemistry with the Strong Antibacterial Effects.

The antibacterial activity of silver species is well-established; however, their mechanism of action has not been adequately explored. Furthermore, issues of low-molecular silver compounds with cytotoxicity, stability, and solubility hamper their progress to drug leads. We have investigated silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) halido complexes [(NHC)AgX, X = Cl, Br, and I] as a promising new type of antibacterial silver organometallics.

Omnipolyphilins A and B: Chlorinated Cyclotetrapeptides and Naphtho-α-pyranones from the Plant Nematode-Derived Fungus .

Chemical exploration for two isolates of the recently described ascomycete species , derived from the eggs of the plant parasitic nematode , afforded the identification of many compounds that belong to various metabolite families: two previously undescribed chlorinated cyclotetrapeptides, omnipolyphilins A () and B (), one new pyranonaphthoquinone, ventiloquinone P (), a 6,6'-binaphto-α-pyranone dimer, talaroderxine D () in addition to nine known metabolites (-) were isolated from this biocontrol candidate. All isolated compounds were characterized by comprehensive 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analyses. The absolute configurations of the cyclotetrapeptides were determined by a combination of advanced Marfey's method, ROE correlation aided by conformational analysis, and TDDFT-ECD calculations, while ECD calculations, Mosher's method, and experimental ECD spectra were used for ventiloquinone P () and talaroderxine D ().

Depicting the Chemical Diversity of Bioactive Meroterpenoids Produced by the Largest Organism on Earth.

In this investigation, we explored the diversity of melleolide-type meroterpenoids produced by Armillaria ostoyae, one of the largest and oldest organisms on Earth, using extracts from liquid and solid fermentation media. The study unveiled three unprecedented dimeric bismelleolides and three novel fatty-acid-substituted congeners, along with 11 new and 21 known derivatives. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESI-MS, and ROESY spectral analysis for relative configurations.

So, what's best? Accuracy and acceptance of thermometers in triage and inpatients in a low-resource tropical setting - The MaTe study.

Objectives: We searched for the most-suitable thermometry method in the low-resource, tropical setting of Sierra Leone, both in terms of accuracy and also patient and user acceptance.

Methods: We conducted a prospective comparative study of different methods of body temperature measurement. Each participant had their temperature taken by four different methods: non-contact infrared temperature (NCIT), axillary, tympanic membrane and rectal measurements.

Deep RNA sequencing of muscle tissue reveals absence of viral signatures in dermatomyositis.

: To explore a possible connection between active viral infections and manifestation of dermatomyositis (DM). Skeletal muscle biopsies were analyzed from patients diagnosed with juvenile (n=10) and adult (n=12) DM. Adult DM patients harbored autoantibodies against either TIF-1γ (n=7) or MDA5 (n=5).

-Clavilactone J and Its Quinone Derivative, Meroterpenoids from the Fungus sp.

Metabolites and , isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete sp. BCC84615, collected in a tropical forest in northeastern Thailand, showed weak antibiotic activity against and and cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. Their planar structures were elucidated by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as clavilactone J, known from the basidiomycete , and its new 1,4-benzoquinone derivative.

Secondary metabolites of , isolated from the Cameroonian medicinal plant .

From a fresh root of (Ulmaceae), endophytic fungi were isolated, among which a taxon belonging to the new species . This strain was fermented in shake flask batch cultures and the broth was extracted with ethyl acetate. From the crude extract, a hemiketal polyketide , and an acetylated alternariol were isolated, along with fifteen known secondary metabolites.

Four new endophytic species of (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) isolated from Cameroon.

The genus (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) is a large group of fungi frequently reported as phytopathogens, with ubiquitous distribution across the globe. have traditionally been characterized by the morphology of their ana- and teleomorphic state, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity as soon as DNA sequencing was utilized across the different members of the group. Their relevance for biotechnology and agriculture attracts the attention of taxonomists and natural product chemists alike in context of plant protection and exploitation for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites.

Cytochalasans and Their Impact on Actin Filament Remodeling.

The eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton comprises the protein itself in its monomeric and filamentous forms, G- and F-actin, as well as multiple interaction partners (actin-binding proteins, ABPs). This gives rise to a temporally and spatially controlled, dynamic network, eliciting a plethora of motility-associated processes. To interfere with the complex inter- and intracellular interactions the actin cytoskeleton confers, small molecular inhibitors have been used, foremost of all to study the relevance of actin filaments and their turnover for various cellular processes.

Panapophenanthrin, a Rare Oligocyclic Diterpene from .

During the course of our search for biologically active secondary metabolites from fungal cultures, a new oligocyclic diterpenoidal derivative, panapophenanthrin (), was isolated from . In addition, two known metabolites, panepophenanthrin () and dihydrohypnophilin (), were also obtained. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses together with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS).

Unprecedented Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Polyketides from Cultures of sp. nov.

Four unprecedented polyketides named isoprenylisobenzofuran B (), isoprenylisobenzofuran C/C (), diaporisoindole F/F (), and isochromophilonol A/A () were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of the newly described endophytic fungus . Additionally, the previously reported cyclic depsipeptide eucalactam B () was also identified, along with the known compounds diaporisoindole A/B (), tenellone B () and beauvericin (). The taxonomic identification of the fungus was accomplished using a polyphasic approach combining multi-gene phylogenetic analysis and microscopic morphological characters.

Inhibitory Effects of the Fungal Pigment Rubiginosin C on Hyphal and Biofilm Formation in and .

The two fungal human pathogens, and , possess a variety of virulence mechanisms. Among them are the formation of biofilms to protect yeast against harsh conditions through the development of (pseudo)hyphae whilst also facilitating the invasion of host tissues. In recent years, increased rates of antifungal resistance have been associated with and , posing a significant challenge for the effective treatment of fungal infections.

Risk Factors for Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Eating Habits in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

There is a significant risk for ongoing and treatment-resistant courses of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients after solid organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of hepatitis E, including the dietary habits of patients. We conducted a retrospective single-center study with 59 adult kidney and combined kidney transplant recipients who were diagnosed with HEV infection between 2013 and 2020.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Fungi of the Genus Ehrenb. (Ascomycota).

is a genus of fungi belonging to the Cytosporaceae family (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) considered as a prolific source of specialized metabolites due to their ability to produce diverse secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activities. Since the first chemical investigation of this genus in the 1980s, further studies have led to the isolation and structural elucidation of several bioactive compounds including cytosporones, nonanolides, macrocyclic dilactones, and terpenoids. This review summarizes, for the first time, the chemical diversity of bioactive secondary metabolites from the genus and highlights its potential as an alternative source of secondary metabolites for pharmacological studies.

Cytochalasans produced by and their biological activities.

The recent description of the putative fungal pathogen of greenheart trees, (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota), prompted a study of its secondary metabolism to access its ability to produce cytochalasans in culture. Solid-state fermentation of the ex-type strain on rice medium resulted in the isolation of a series of 19,20-epoxidated cytochalasins by means of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nine out of 10 compounds could be assigned to previously described structures, with one compound being new to science after structural assignment via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assisted by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).

Calamene-Type Sesqui-, Mero-, and Bis-sesquiterpenoids from Cultures of sp., a Basidiomycete Collected in Africa.

New meroterpenoids bis-heimiomycins A-D (-) and heimiomycins D and E ( and ) were isolated from solid rice cultures of sp., while new calamene-type sesquiterpenoids heimiocalamene A () and B () were isolated from shake cultures, respectively. Structures of the metabolites were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR in addition to HRESIMS data.

New polyketides from the liquid culture of sp. nov. (Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae).

During the course of a study on the biodiversity of endophytes from Cameroon, a fungal strain was isolated. A multigene phylogenetic inference using five DNA loci revealed that this strain represents an undescribed species of , which is introduced here as . Investigation into the chemistry of this fungus led to the isolation of two previously undescribed secondary metabolites for which the trivial names fusaristatins G () and H () are proposed, together with eleven known compounds.

Unreported cytochalasins from an acid-mediated transformation of cytochalasin J isolated from Diaporthe cf. ueckeri.

Chemical investigation of an endophytic fungus herein identified as Diaporthe cf. ueckeri yielded four known compounds, named cytochalasins H and J and dicerandrols A and B. Reports of acid sensitivity within the cytochalasan family inspired an attempt of acid-mediated conversion of cytochalasins H and J, resulting in the acquisition of five polycyclic cytochalasins featuring 5/6/5/8-fused tetracyclic and 5/6/6/7/5-fused pentacyclic skeletons.

Analysis of two choir outbreaks acting in concert to characterize long- range transmission risks through SARS-CoV-2, Berlin, Germany, 2020.

Background: Superspreading events are important drivers of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and long-range (LR) transmission is believed to play a major role. We investigated two choir outbreaks with different attack rates (AR) to analyze the contribution of LR transmission and highlight important measures for prevention.

Methods: We conducted two retrospective cohort studies and obtained demographic, clinical, laboratory and contact data, performed SARS-CoV-2 serology, whole genome sequencing (WGS), calculated LR transmission probabilities, measured particle emissions of selected choir members, and calculated particle air concentrations and inhalation doses.

Alliacane-Type Secondary Metabolites from Submerged Cultures of the Basidiomycete .

Seven sesquiterpenoids, named nebucanes A-G (-), featuring a rare alliacane scaffold with unprecedented furan or pyrrole functions, were isolated from the fermentation broth of . Their structures were established on the basis of 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, HR-(+)-ESIMS spectra, and comparison of measured and calculated CD spectra for determination of the absolute configuration. Assessing the biological activities, nebucane D () exhibited antifungal effects against , while nebucane G () displayed significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and A431 cell lines.

Combination and improvement of conventional DNA extraction methods in Actinobacteria to obtain high-quantity and high-quality DNA.

Background And Objectives: DNA extraction is an important step of any molecular experiment. DNA could not be easily extracted from members of actinomycetes by the usual methods of lysis. Due to the low efficiency of the conventional DNA extraction methods, development of an effective technique for DNA extraction of actinobacteria in emergency cases seems to be necessary.

Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Cytochalasins from Inhibit Actin Polymerization and Aggregation.

Laying the groundwork on preliminary structure-activity relationship study relating to the disruptive activity of cytochalasan derivatives on mammalian cell actin cytoskeleton, we furthered our study on the cytochalasans of the Dothideomycetes fungus, . A new cytochalasan analog triseptatin (), along with the previously described cytochalasans deoxaphomin B () and cytochalasin B (), and polyketide derivatives -4-hydroxy-6-deoxyscytalone () and 6-hydroxymellein () were isolated from the rice culture of . The structure of was elucidated through NMR spectroscopic analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS).