Atomoxetine Reduces Decisional Impulsivity in Human Cocaine Addiction.

Background: Impulsivity is a well-known determinant of maladaptive behavior in cocaine use disorder (CUD), but there are currently no effective strategies for managing excessive impulsivity. Growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that atomoxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, is effective in improving impulse control in both healthy individuals and individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions.

Methods: We investigated the effects of atomoxetine on decisional impulsivity in patients with CUD.

The implementation of exercise therapy within hospital-based mental healthcare: Delphi study.

Background: The physical health comorbidities and premature mortality experienced by people with mental illness has led to an increase in exercise services embedded as part of standard care in hospital-based mental health services. Despite the increase in access to exercise services for people experiencing mental illness, there is currently a lack of guidelines on the assessment and triage of patients into exercise therapy.

Aims: To develop guidelines for the pre-exercise screening and health assessment of patients engaged with exercise services in hospital-based mental healthcare and to establish an exercise therapy triage framework for use in hospital-based mental healthcare.

IRON NOF trial: IV iron for anaemic patients with femoral fracture.

Background: Preoperative anaemia is associated with increased use of blood transfusions, a greater risk of postoperative complications, and patient morbidity. The IRON NOF trial aimed to investigate whether the administration of i.v.

The Modulatory Effects of Atomoxetine on Aberrant Connectivity During Attentional Processing in Cocaine Use Disorder.

Background: Cocaine use disorder is associated with cognitive deficits that reflect dysfunctional processing across neural systems. Because there are currently no approved medications, treatment centers provide behavioral interventions that have only short-term efficacy. This suggests that behavioral interventions are not sufficient by themselves to lead to the maintenance of abstinence in patients with cocaine use disorder.

Exercise in adults admitted to hospital with diabetes-related foot ulcers: a pilot study of feasibility and safety.

Background: Diabetes-related foot ulcers result in significant mortality, morbidity and economic costs. Pressure offloading is important for ulcer healing, but patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers are presented with a dilemma, because whilst they are often advised to minimise standing and walking, there are also clear guidelines which encourage regular, sustained exercise for patients with diabetes. To overcome these apparently conflicting recommendations, we explored the feasibility, acceptability and safety of a tailored exercise program for adults admitted to hospital with diabetes-related foot ulcers.

Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints.

Background: Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) have been suggested as possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no study has investigated AERP measures in individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMCs), who have been suggested to be at a pre-clinical stage of AD.

Objective: This study investigated whether AERPs in older adults with SMC can be used to objectively identify those at high risk of developing AD.

Cardiovascular disease management in Australian adults with type 2 diabetes: insights from the CAPTURE study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a well-recognised cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, and recent guidelines for the management of T2D include consideration of CVD risk.

Aim: To assess whether contemporary clinical management of Australians with T2D is in accord with recent national and international guidelines.

Methods: This Australia-specific analysis of the CAPTURE study, a non-interventional, cross-sectional study included adults diagnosed with T2D ≥180 days prior to providing informed consent and visiting primary or specialist care.

Daily surgery caseload prediction: towards improving operating theatre efficiency.

Background: In many hospitals, operating theatres are not used to their full potential due to the dynamic nature of demand and the complexity of theatre scheduling. Theatre inefficiencies may lead to access block and delays in treating patients requiring critical care. This study aims to employ operating theatre data to provide decision support for improved theatre management.

Compatibility of intravenous acetaminophen with morphine, fentanyl and ketamine in acute pediatric pain setting.

Background: Intravenous acetaminophen and opioid analgesics are routinely given concurrently to children after major surgery, where intravenous access can be limited. There is limited information about the compatibility of acetaminophen with opioid analgesics and ketamine in concentrations commonly used in pediatric setting.

Aims: We aimed to determine the physical and chemical compatibility in mixtures of intravenous acetaminophen 10 mg/mL with morphine (0.

Closing Difficult Laparostomies With the Aid of Botulinum Toxin A: An Audit of 12 Cases.

Background Obtaining primary fascial closure following laparostomy can be difficult; especially with fascial retraction or large pre-existing fascial defects. Various techniques have been described in the literature which attempt to improve reapproximation rates. Most techniques described comprise the use of adjuncts including Bogota Bags, negative pressure dressings, anchor devices and various types of mesh.

Previous liver regeneration induces fibro-protective mechanisms during thioacetamide-induced chronic liver injury.

Chronic liver injury is characterised by continuous or repeated epithelial cell loss and inflammation. Hepatic wound healing involves matrix deposition through activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the expansion of closely associated Ductular Reactions and liver progenitor cells (LPCs), which are thought to give rise to new epithelial cells. In this study, we used the murine thioacetamide (TAA) model to reliably mimic these injury and regeneration dynamics and assess the impact of a recovery phase on subsequent liver injury and fibrosis.

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Use and LRRK2 Parkinson's Disease Penetrance.

Background: The penetrance of leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations is incomplete and may be influenced by environmental and/or other genetic factors. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to reduce inflammation and may lower Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, but their role in LRRK2-associated PD is unknown.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of regular NSAID use and LRRK2-associated PD.

Influence of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Lower-Respiratory Tract Infections in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.

Objective: To determine whether ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) protect against lower-respiratory tract infections complicating type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Of 1,732 participants with diabetes recruited to the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) between 2008 and 2011, 1,482 had confirmed type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.8 years and median diabetes duration 9.

Murine Precision-Cut Liver Slices as an Ex Vivo Model of Liver Biology.

Understanding the mechanisms of liver injury, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis that underlie chronic liver diseases (i.e., viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic liver disease, and liver cancer) requires experimental manipulation of animal models and in vitro cell cultures.

Features of the metabolic syndrome in late adolescence are associated with impaired testicular function at 20 years of age.

Study Question: Are early signs of metabolic disorder in late adolescence associated with features of impaired testicular function many years before the majority seek parenthood?

Summary Answer: Adolescents with features of metabolic disorder at 17 years, or insulin resistance (IR) at 20 years of age, show impaired testicular function and altered hormone levels compared to those without metabolic disorder.

What Is Known Already: Controversial evidence suggests a recent decline in sperm production potentially linked to environmental influences, but its cause remains unclear. Concomitant increases in obesity and diabetes suggest that lifestyle factors may contribute to this decline in testicular function.

A prospective cohort examination of haematological parameters in relation to cancer death and incidence: the Busselton Health Study.

Background: Cancer risk is associated with serum iron levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether haematological parameters reflect serum iron levels and may also be associated with cancer risk.

Methods: We studied 1564 men and 1769 women who were enrolled in the Busselton Health Study, Western Australia.

Hepatic iron concentration correlates with insulin sensitivity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Rodent and cell-culture models support a role for iron-related adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, substantial human data are lacking. We examined the relationship between measures of iron status, adipokines, and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD in the presence and absence of venesection. This study forms part of the Impact of Iron on Insulin Resistance and Liver Histology in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (IIRON2) study, a prospective randomized controlled trial of venesection for adults with NAFLD.

The neuroimaging basis of apathy: Empirical findings and conceptual challenges.

Apathy, usually defined as loss of motivation, is common in both neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, and acute neurological disorders such as stroke. Neuroradiological studies on the imaging correlates of apathy have used a variety of methods such as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and single photon and positron emission tomography to assess brain metabolic activity and specific synaptic receptors. Dysfunction of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the strongest anatomical correlate of apathy in Alzheimer's disease, whereas lesions of the basal ganglia are the most common correlates of apathy in cerebrovascular disorders.

Reduction of body iron in HFE-related haemochromatosis and moderate iron overload (Mi-Iron): a multicentre, participant-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

Background: The iron overload disorder hereditary haemochromatosis is most commonly caused by HFE p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity. In the absence of results from any randomised trials, current evidence is insufficient to determine whether individuals with hereditary haemochromatosis and moderately elevated serum ferritin, should undergo iron reduction treatment.

The Structured Interview for Insight and Judgment in Dementia: Development and validation of a new instrument to assess awareness in patients with dementia.

Introduction: Poor insight about their cognitive and functional deficits is highly prevalent in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, there is a lack of reliable, valid instrumentation to measure this construct. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a semistructured interview to assess insight and judgment in patients with AD and to provide information regarding the assessment of competency and risk in this population.

Methods: We validated the Structured Clinical Interview for Insight and Judgment in Dementia (SIJID) in a consecutive series of 124 patients with probable AD.