Distribution of potentially toxic elements in sediments of the municipal river channel (Balu), Dhaka, Bangladesh: Ecological and health risks assessment.

The concern of potential toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in the river ecosystem is growing due to anthropological activity. The contents of seven PTEs in sediments from the Balu River channel were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and an environmental risk model. Several PTEs were found in the sediment at high levels, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and mercury (Hg), that might pose a risk to human and ecological health.

Synthesis of functional enzymes involved in glutathione production during linear motility in boar sperm.

Sperm cells are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which decreases their motility and fertility. However, glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in protecting sperm cells from oxidative damage, a common byproduct of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. On the other hand, GSH biosynthesis in sperm is limited by the availability of cysteine (Cys), which is inherently unstable and found at low concentrations in boar seminal plasma.

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, PA) induces mild maternal glucose intolerance and promotes the growth of the offspring partly through up-regulating liver PPARα and MAPK signaling pathways.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disturbances during pregnancy, which poses a serious threat to both maternal and offspring health. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, PA) is one of the most common odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCS-FAs). However, its safety and nutritional value are yet to be verified.

Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on growth performance and intestinal microbiota of piglets.

Fermented Chinese medicine (FCM), as a functional feed additive, has been widely recognized to play a significant role in protecting the intestinal health of piglets and enhancing productive performance. However, the relationship between the active components of FCM, gut microbiota, and their beneficial effects on animal performance remains unclear. In this study, metabolomics analysis revealed a significant increase in the main contents of lactic acid and propionic acid in FCM, while most glycosides and their derivatives decreased after three days of microbial fermentation.

Hesperidin Helps Improve the Intestinal Structure, Maintain Barrier Function, and Reduce Inflammation in Yellow-Feathered Broilers Exposed to High Temperatures.

To investigate the possible protective effect of hesperidin on intestinal damage caused by high-temperature heat stress in yellow-feathered broilers, 960 broilers aged 21 days were randomly divided into four groups: HT, HT300, HT450, and HT600, with each group receiving different amounts of hesperidin supplementation (0, 300, 450, and 600 mg/kg). The dietary supplementation of hesperidin could mitigate the elevation of corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH) levels in serum from yellow-feathered broilers induced by heat stress. The supplementation of 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg of hesperidin reduced crypt depth and increased the V/C ratio in the small intestine compared to the HT group.

Systemic immune responses do not affect significant immune responses in the skin.

Fish skin plays an important role in defending against pathogens in water, primarily through the secretion of skin mucus containing various immune-related factors. Local immune responses in the skin activate systemic immune responses by inflammatory cytokines. However, it remains unclear whether immune responses in the skin occur after systemic immune responses caused by pathogen invasion into the fish body.

Rapid Dissemination of Gene among Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates in a Yellow-Feather Broiler Farm via Multiple Plasmid Replicon.

Although carbapenems have not been approved for animal use, carbapenem-resistant (CREC) strains are increasingly being detected in food-producing animals, posing a significant public health risk. However, the epidemiological characteristics of CREC isolates in yellow-feather broiler farms remain unclear. We comprehensively investigated the genetic features of carbapenem-resistance genes among isolates recovered from a yellow-feather broiler farm in Guangdong province, China.

Effects of one-hour daily outdoor access on milk yield and composition and behaviors of tethered dairy cows.

Objective: We investigated the effects of outdoor access for one-hour per day (ODA) on milk yield and composition and behaviors of tethered dairy cows.

Methods: Eleven all-day tethered dairy cows were treated with ODA for two weeks. To evaluate the effect of ODA on milk yield, we first calculated the average daily milk yield of each cow for three days during two weeks before the ODA, three days before the ODA, three days at the end of the ODA, and three days during two weeks after the ODA.

Integration of transcriptome and whole-genome re-sequencing analyses reveal growth-related candidate genes in Procambarus clarkii.

Growth is a crucial economic trait of all aquaculture species. It is important to explore the molecular regulation on growth, which could help improve the growth rate of species. Mining the growth-related genes is the foundation for revealing its molecular regulation on growth.

Corrigendum to 'Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro interleukin-12 p40 and p35 subunit response in yellowtail () to heat-killed strain L-137 (HK L-137) supplementation, and immersion challenge with ' [Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports 4 (2023) 100095].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.

Application of linear and machine learning models to genomic prediction of fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle.

We collected 3180 records of oleic acid (C18:1) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) measured using gas chromatography (GC) and 6960 records of C18:1 and MUFA measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in intermuscular fat samples of Japanese Black cattle. We compared genomic prediction performance for four linear models (genomic best linear unbiased prediction [GBLUP], kinship-adjusted multiple loci [KAML], BayesC, and BayesLASSO) and five machine learning models (Gaussian kernel [GK], deep kernel [DK], random forest [RF], extreme gradient boost [XGB], and convolutional neural network [CNN]). For GC-based C18:1 and MUFA, KAML showed the highest accuracies, followed by BayesC, XGB, DK, GK, and BayesLASSO, with more than 6% gain of accuracy by KAML over GBLUP.

Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro interleukin-12 p40 and p35 subunit response in yellowtail () to heat-killed strain L-137 (HK L-137) supplementation, and immersion challenge with .

Dietary supplementation of immunostimulants might be effective to reduce the economic losses due to infectious diseases and the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. To investigate the immune response of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in yellowtail to heat-killed strain L-137 (HK L-137), we performed a leukocyte culture, feeding trial with diets containing L-137 and an immersion challenge with . IL-12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 subunits.

Effect of kraft pulp inclusion in calf starter on performance, health, and plasma concentration of glucagon-like peptide 2 in calves.

Kraft pulp (KP), an intermediate product obtained when wood chips are converted to paper, contains highly digestible fiber. This study evaluated the effect of KP inclusion in calf starters on growth performance, health, and plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) concentration in calves. Twenty-five Holstein heifer calves were raised on a high plane of nutrition program using milk replacer containing 29% crude protein and 18% fat until 49 d after birth, and were fed calf starters containing KP at 0 (CON; n = 14) or 12% (KPS; n = 11) on a dry matter basis.

Deciphering microeukaryotic-bacterial co-occurrence networks in coastal aquaculture ponds.

Unlabelled: Microeukaryotes and bacteria are key drivers of primary productivity and nutrient cycling in aquaculture ecosystems. Although their diversity and composition have been widely investigated in aquaculture systems, the co-occurrence bipartite network between microeukaryotes and bacteria remains poorly understood. This study used the bipartite network analysis of high-throughput sequencing datasets to detect the co-occurrence relationships between microeukaryotes and bacteria in water and sediment from coastal aquaculture ponds.

Predicted functional analysis of rumen microbiota suggested the underlying mechanisms of the postpartum subacute ruminal acidosis in Holstein cows.

Background: The relationships between the postpartum subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurrence and predicted bacterial functions during the periparturient period are still not clear in Holstein cows.

Objectives: The present study was performed to investigate the alterations of rumen fermentation, bacterial community structure, and predicted bacterial functional pathways in Holstein cows.

Methods: Holstein cows were divided into the SARA (n = 6) or non-SARA (n = 4) groups, depending on whether they developed SARA during the first 2 weeks after parturition.

Type I interferon induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid does not contribute to the efficacy of a formalin-killed cell vaccine against Edwardsiella piscicida in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) is a type of pathogen-associated molecular pattern that can strongly induce the expression of type I interferon (I-IFN). Our previous study has demonstrated that the combination of poly I:C with a recombinant protein antigen not only stimulated the expression of I-IFN but also conferred protection against Edwardsiella piscicida in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this study, our aim was to develop a better immunogenic and protective fish vaccine, for which we intraperitoneally coinjected P.

Molecular epidemiology and transmission of rmtB-positive Escherichia coli among ducks and environment.

This study aimed to investigate the transmission and molecular epidemiological characteristics of the rmtB gene in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from duck farms in Guangdong Province of China from 2018 to 2021. A total of 164 (19.

Development of a Transcriptional Factor PuuR-Based Putrescine-Specific Biosensor in .

is regarded as an industrially important microbial cell factory and is widely used to produce various value-added chemicals. Because of the importance of . applications, current research is increasingly focusing on developing synthetic biology platforms.

H3N2 canine influenza virus NS1 protein inhibits canine NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Inflammation is an innate immune response of the body against pathogens and other irritants. The NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome is a major player in the inflammatory response against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the influenza virus NS1 protein, which is involved in host immune escape.

Whole-genome analysis of red sea bream iridovirus spread in 2021 in Japan provided epidemiological and viral traits insight.

Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is the pathogen that causes red sea bream iridoviral disease. It causes a huge loss to the Japanese aquaculture industry. In 2021, outbreaks of red sea bream iridovirus occurred in South Japan.

Identification of a Male Sterile Candidate Gene in x and Transfer of the Gene to Easter Lily () via Hybridization.

Pollen-free varieties are advantageous in promoting cut-flower production. In this study, we identified a candidate mutation which is responsible for pollen sterility in a strain of × , which was originally identified as a naturally occurred male-sterile plant in a seedling population. The pollen sterility occurred due to the degradation of pollen mother cells (PMCs) before meiotic cell division.

Effects of Dietary Fiber Type on Growth Performance, Serum Parameters and Fecal Microbiota Composition in Weaned and Growing-Finishing Pigs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different SDF to IDF ratios on growth performance, serum indexes and fecal microbial community in pigs. Weaned and growing-finishing pigs were fed a diet containing five different ratios of SDF to IDF from 1:5 to 1:9 and from 1:3 to 1:7, respectively. Results showed a linear tendency that average daily gain (ADG) of weaned pigs decreased but the feed intake to weight gain ratio (F/G) increased as the ratio of SDF to IDF increased from 1:5 to 1:9 (p = 0.

Exploring the size of reference population for expected accuracy of genomic prediction using simulated and real data in Japanese Black cattle.

Background: Size of reference population is a crucial factor affecting the accuracy of prediction of the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV). There are few studies in beef cattle that have compared accuracies achieved using real data to that achieved with simulated data and deterministic predictions. Thus, extent to which traits of interest affect accuracy of genomic prediction in Japanese Black cattle remains obscure.

Vegetative Reproduction Is More Advantageous Than Sexual Reproduction in a Canopy-Forming Clonal Macroalga under Ocean Warming Accompanied by Oligotrophication and Intensive Herbivory.

Ocean warming and the associated changes in fish herbivory have caused polarward distributional shifts in the majority of canopy-forming macroalgae that are dominant in temperate Japan, but have little effect on the alga . The regeneration ability of new shoots from holdfasts in this species may be advantageous in highly grazed environments. However, little is known about the factors regulating this in species.