How Child Health Financing and Payment Mitigate and Perpetuate Structural Racism.

Health financing for children and youth comes mainly from commercial sources (especially, a parent's employer-sponsored insurance) and public sources (especially, Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Plan [CHIP]). These 2 sources serve populations that differ in race and ethnicity. This inherent segregation perpetuates a system of disparities in health and health care.

Evaluating a National Biomedical Training Program Using QuantCrit: Revealing Disparities in Research Self-efficacy for Women of Color Undergraduates.

Program evaluation for interventions aimed at enhancing diversity can fall short when the evaluation unintentionally reifies the exclusion of multiple marginalized student experiences. The present study presents a Quantitative Critical Race Theory (QuantCrit) approach to program evaluation to understand outcomes for Women of Color undergraduates involved in a national biomedical training program called the Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) initiative. Using longitudinal data, we examined the impact of participation in the BUILD Scholars programs and BUILD-developed novel biomedical curriculum on undergraduate's research self-efficacy.

Dynamics of alternative polyadenylation in single root cells of .

Introduction: Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies have been widely used to reveal the diversity and complexity of cells, and pioneering studies on scRNA-seq in plants began to emerge since 2019. However, existing studies on plants utilized scRNA-seq focused only on the gene expression regulation. As an essential post-transcriptional mechanism for regulating gene expression, alternative polyadenylation (APA) generates diverse mRNA isoforms with distinct 3' ends through the selective use of different polyadenylation sites in a gene.

Clinician Perspectives on Decision Support and AI-based Decision Support in a Pediatric ED.

Background: Clinical decision support (CDS) systems offer the potential to improve pediatric care through enhanced test ordering, prescribing, and standardization of care. Its augmentation with artificial intelligence (AI-CDS) may help address current limitations with CDS implementation regarding alarm fatigue and accuracy of recommendations. We sought to evaluate strengths and perceptions of CDS, with a focus on AI-CDS, through semistructured interviews of clinician partners.

Proportion, Correlates and the Associations of Meeting 24-h Movement Guidelines With Mental Well-Being and Psychological Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study of 10 589 Chinese Students.

Background: The increased trends in psychological distress and mental illness have been of great significance in public health concerns. The study aimed to investigate the proportion and correlates of meeting 24-h movement guidelines (including moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep duration) and the associations between 24-h movement guidelines met and mental well-being and psychological distress in a large sample of Chinese students.

Methods: All participants received a physical examination and filled out questionnaires in this study.

Dental caries and salivary alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The association between dental caries, salivary alterations, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconclusive. This systematic review evaluated the caries status and salivary alterations in adults with T2D.

Data: Observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies) that evaluated the association between type 2 diabetes and dental caries and/or salivary changes were included.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Emotional Reactions to the Flint Water Crisis among Michigan Women in Communities Outside of Flint.

Objective: To determine whether Black women in Michigan communities outside of Flint were more likely than women in other racial and ethnic groups to report negative emotional reactions to the Flint Water Crisis, an ongoing public health disaster that has been widely attributed to anti-Black structural racism.

Methods: Data were from a 2020 survey of Michigan women aged 18-45 in communities outside of Flint (N=888). We used logistic regression models to examine racial and ethnic differences in the odds of negative emotional reactions to the Flint Water Crisis.

Establishing thresholds for shock index in children to identify major trauma.

Background: An abnormal shock index (SI) is associated with greater injury severity among children with trauma. We sought to empirically-derive age-adjusted SI cutpoints associated with major trauma in children, and to compare the accuracy of these cutpoints to existing criteria for pediatric SI.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the 2021 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) Participant Use File.

Ethical preparedness of data monitoring committees (DMCs) to oversee international clinical trials: a qualitative descriptive study.

Introduction: A data monitoring committee (DMC) is an independent group of experts who assess the ongoing scientific and ethical integrity of a study through periodic analyses of study data. The objective of this study was to explore the extent to which the structure, membership and deliberations of DMCs enable them to address ethical issues.

Methods: We conducted qualitative individual interviews (n=22) with DMC members from countries across Africa, the Americas, South Asia and the UK.

The impact of bloodmeal and geographic region on the richness, diversity, and function of internal microbial community in from the Qinghai province, China.

Background: Ticks are ectoparasites that feed on blood and pose a threat to both the livestock industry and public health due to their ability to transmit pathogens through biting. However, the impact of factors such as bloodmeal and geographic regions on the bacterial microbiota of remains poorly understood.

Methods: In this study, we used the v3-v4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to sequence the microbiota of from eight groups (HY_M, YS_M, XH_M, LD_M, BM_M, LD_F_F, LD_F, and BM_F_F) in Qinghai Province.

Comparison of the Performance of ChatGPT, Claude and Bard in Support of Myopia Prevention and Control.

Purpose:  Chatbots, which are based on large language models, are increasingly being used in public health. However, the effectiveness of chatbot responses has been debated, and their performance in myopia prevention and control has not been fully explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three well-known chatbots-ChatGPT, Claude, and Bard-in responding to public health questions about myopia.

Identifying the most critical behavioral lifestyles associated with MAFLD: evidence from the NHANES 2017-2020.

Background & Aims: Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between single lifestyle exposures and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the joint effects of lifestyle exposures remain unclear, hindering the development of targeted prevention and control strategies. We aimed to investigate the joint associations between lifestyle exposomes and MAFLD.

Use of Financial Incentives to Promote Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Self-management: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether financial incentives lead to improvement in self-management behaviors and glycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: Adolescents (12- to 18-year-olds) with T1D selected incentivized self-management behavior and clinical outcome goals in a three-treatment (gain frame, loss frame, no incentives) crossover randomized controlled trial. Participants could earn up to $180 in each 12-week incentive treatment arm.

Adolescent-Preferred financial incentives to promote type 1 diabetes Self-Care: A discrete choice experiment.

Aims: This study aimed to quantify preferences for the characteristics of a financial incentives program that would motivate adolescent engagement in type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-care.

Method: We performed a discrete choice experiment with 12-18 year-olds with T1D from two pediatric hospital endocrinology clinics (n = 317). We identified key attributes of incentives: (1) monthly value of the reward, (2) payment structure, and (3) difficulty of incentivized behaviors.

Anomalous Electroluminescence Characteristics of Perovskite Modules.

Spatially resolved photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) imaging technologies play a crucial role in evaluating the performance and stability of photovoltaic devices. However, their application in perovskite devices presents unique challenges. In this study, we report a discrepancy between the electrical performance of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) and the EL images.

Inclination to pursue Veterans Health Administration for primary care practice: survey of medical residents.

Introduction: Health systems like the Veterans Health Administration (VA) face challenges in recruiting and retaining a primary care physician workforce. This cross-sectional study of recent or current VA medical residents sought to identify determinants of intent to pursue primary care practice in VA after residency training.

Methods: Residents were identified from administrative data between 2020 and 2021 and recruited via an emailed self-administered survey.

An updated phylogeny and adaptive evolution within Amaranthaceae . inferred from multiple phylogenomic datasets.

Amaranthaceae is a widely distributed family consisting of over 170 genera and 2000 species. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Amaranthaceae and traditional Chenopodiaceae form a monophyletic group (Amaranthaceae ), however, the relationships within this evolutionary branch have yet to be fully resolved. In this study, we assembled the complete plastomes and full-length ITS of 21 Amaranthaceae individuals and compared them with 38 species of Amaranthaceae .

Comparing AVPU and Glasgow Coma Scales Among Children Seen by Emergency Medical Services.

Objectives: Consciousness assessment is an important component in the prehospital care of ill or injured children. Both the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) scale are used for this purpose. We sought to identify cut points for the GCS to correspond to the AVPU scale for pediatric emergency medical services (EMS) encounters.

Understanding the burden of food allergy among urban and rural school children from north India.

Background: There is paucity of reliable epidemiological data regarding the burden of food allergy in most developing countries, including India.

Objective: To provide current estimates of the prevalence and distribution of food allergy among urban and rural school children aged 6-14 years in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) of Khekra in India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to February 2023 to enroll school children, 6-14 years, from select urban and rural schools in Delhi and NCR.