TNF- α from the Proximal Nephron Exacerbates Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy.

Key Points: Proximal tubular TNF aggravates kidney injury and fibrogenesis in aristolochic acid nephropathy. Tubular TNF disrupts the cell cycle in injured tubular epithelial cells. TNF-mediated toxic renal injury is independent of systemic immune responses.

Body Mass Index and Clinical and Health Status Outcomes in Chronic Coronary Disease and Advanced Kidney Disease in the ISCHEMIA-CKD Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether an obesity paradox (lower event rates with higher body mass index [BMI]) exists in participants with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic coronary disease in the International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness of Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA)-CKD, and whether BMI modified the effect of initial treatment strategy.

Methods: Baseline BMI was analyzed as both a continuous and categorical variable (< 25, ≥ 25 to < 30, ≥ 30 kg/m). Associations between BMI and the primary outcome of all-cause death or myocardial infarction (D/MI), and all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and MI individually were estimated.

Association of Somatic TET2 Mutations With Giant Cell Arteritis.

Objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an age-related vasculitis. Prior studies have identified an association between GCA and hematologic malignancies (HMs). How the presence of somatic mutations that drive the development of HMs, or clonal hematopoiesis (CH), may influence clinical outcomes in GCA is not well understood.

Physical Performance in a Diverse, Population-Based Cohort of Individuals With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: To report the burden and correlates of poor physical performance in a diverse cohort of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: In this single-visit study of 446 individuals with SLE from a population-based metropolitan Atlanta cohort, we measured physical performance via the Short Physical Performance Battery (score range 0-12; intermediate-low [<10] vs high [≥10]). We also collected demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables and examined the associations (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]) of intermediate-low versus high physical performance with these characteristics via multivariable logistic regression.

Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis is Uncommon in People with Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death in people living with HIV. Myocardial fibrosis is well-described in HIV infection acquired in adulthood. We evaluate the burden of fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance in people with perinatal HIV infection.

Color Does Matter: Nursing Assessment of Varying Skin Tones/Pigmentation.

Background: The observation of color is an integral part of the nursing assessment. However, the current understanding of individual skin qualities and pigmentation has not yet been integrated thoroughly into foundational assessment courses, clinical education, simulation, and textbooks.

Evidence Acquisition: Literature is scarce regarding racial groups, skin color, and physical assessment for patients across the lifespan, but even more so for the neonatal population.

Encounter Appropriateness Score for You Model: Development and Pilot Implementation of a Predictive Model to Identify Visits Appropriate for Telehealth in Rheumatology.

Objective: We aimed to develop a decision-making tool to predict telehealth appropriateness for future rheumatology visits and expand telehealth care access.

Methods: The model was developed using the Encounter Appropriateness Score for You (EASY) and electronic health record data at a single academic rheumatology practice from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. The EASY model is a logistic regression model that includes encounter characteristics, patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and provider characteristics.

Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Management of Stage 1 Hypertension.

Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal blood pressure (BP) below 130/80 mm Hg compared with 130-139/80-89 mm Hg and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a planned secondary analysis of CHAP (Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy), an open label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Participants with mean BP below 140/90 mm Hg were grouped as below 130/80 mm Hg compared with 130-139/80-89 mm Hg by averaging postrandomization clinic BP throughout pregnancy.

In treatment-resistant major depression, ketamine was noninferior to ECT for treatment response.

Anand A, Mathew SJ, Sanacora G, et al. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:2315-2325.

Aging-Related Comorbidity Burden Among Women and Men With or At-Risk for HIV in the US, 2008-2019.

Importance: Despite aging-related comorbidities representing a growing threat to quality-of-life and mortality among persons with HIV (PWH), clinical guidance for comorbidity screening and prevention is lacking. Understanding comorbidity distribution and severity by sex and gender is essential to informing guidelines for promoting healthy aging in adults with HIV.

Objective: To assess the association of human immunodeficiency virus on the burden of aging-related comorbidities among US adults in the modern treatment era.

Pitavastatin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection.

Background: The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, so data regarding primary prevention strategies in this population are needed.

Methods: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 7769 participants with HIV infection with a low-to-moderate risk of cardiovascular disease who were receiving antiretroviral therapy to receive daily pitavastatin calcium (at a dose of 4 mg) or placebo. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event, which was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial ischemia, revascularization, or death from an undetermined cause.

Primary Whole-gland Ablation for the Treatment of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Focal Therapy Society Best Practice Statement.

Context: Whole-gland ablation is a feasible and effective minimally invasive treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Previous systematic reviews supported evidence for favorable functional outcomes, but oncological outcomes were inconclusive owing to limited follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the real-world data on the mid- to long-term oncological and functional outcomes of whole-gland cryoablation and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with clinically localized PCa, and to provide expert recommendations and commentary on these findings.

Initiating Evaluation of Composite Outcome Measures for Psoriatic Arthritis: 2022 Updates From the GRAPPA-OMERACT Working Group.

The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA)-Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) working group-comprising rheumatologists, dermatologists, methodologists, and patient research partners-provided updates at the GRAPPA 2022 annual meeting on its work to evaluate composite outcome measures for PsA. Ten composite outcome measures were considered. Initial steps were to define the population, the purpose of use, and the proposed pros and cons of the 10 candidate composite instruments for PsA.

Effectiveness of a Modified Nurse-Led COUGH Bundle for Obese Patients After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Obesity commonly affects postsurgical pulmonary outcomes and is associated with increased oxygen usage, length of recovery and hospital stay, discharge to high levels of care, cost, morbidity, and mortality.

Local Problem: No standardized pulmonary care bundle for obese patients after bariatric surgery was available in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) at a hospital in Singapore.

Methods: This quality improvement project was a prospective, single-cohort, pre- and posttest intervention design with 151 patients recruited.

Do Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Become Socially Isolated? Longitudinal Within-Person Associations in a Nationally Representative Cohort.

Objective: This study examined longitudinal associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and social isolation across childhood. The study tested the direction of this association across time, while accounting for preexisting characteristics, and assessed whether this association varied by ADHD presentation, informant, sex, and socioeconomic status.

Method: Participants included 2,232 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study.

Health Care Access Barriers and Self-Reported Health Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors.

Adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors (15-39 years at diagnosis) are at risk for treatment-related late effects but face barriers in accessing survivorship care. We examined the prevalence of five health care access (HCA) barriers: affordability, accessibility, availability, accommodation, and acceptability. We identified AYA survivors from the University of North Carolina (UNC) Cancer Survivorship Cohort who completed a baseline questionnaire in 2010-2016.

How Subjective and Objective Factors in Research and Practice May Perpetuate Health Disparities Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Research shows disparities exist in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related outcomes and are associated with objective and subjective factors. Objective factors (e.g.

Demography's Changing Intellectual Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Leading Anglophone Journals, 1950-2020.

Much of what we know about the intellectual landscape of anglophone demography comes from two sources: subjective narratives authored by leaders in the field, whose reviews and observations are derived from their research experience and field-specific knowledge; and professional histories covering the field's foundational controversies, which tend to focus on individuals, institutions, and influence. Here we use bibliographic information from all articles published in the three leading journals of anglophone demography-Demography, Population Studies, and Population and Development Review-to survey the changing contours of anglophone demography's key research areas over the past 70 years. We characterize the field of demography by applying a two-pronged, data-grounded approach from the sociology of science.

Clinical and Echocardiographic Diversity Associated With Physical Fitness in the Project Baseline Health Study: Implications for Heart Failure Staging.

Background: Clinical and echocardiographic features may carry diverse information about the development of heart failure (HF). Therefore, we determined heterogeneity in clinical and echocardiographic phenotypes and its association with exercise capacity.

Methods: In 2036 community-dwelling individuals, we defined echocardiographic profiles of left and right heart remodeling and dysfunction.

Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab as a Single Agent in First-Line Treatment of -Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line, single-agent trastuzumab in women with -overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: One hundred fourteen women with -overexpressing metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive first-line treatment with trastuzumab 4 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 2 mg/kg weekly, or a higher 8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 4 mg/kg weekly.

Results: The objective response rate was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.