Olaparib Without Androgen Deprivation for High-Risk Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Prostatectomy: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Olaparib is a poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that provides benefit in combination with hormonal therapies in patients with metastatic prostate cancer who harbor homologous recombination repair (HRR) alterations. Its efficacy in the absence of androgen deprivation therapy has not been tested.

Objective: To determine the activity of olaparib monotherapy among patients with high-risk biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Lumbar Range of Motion Using the Wolfson Modified Schober Test.

Introduction: Lumbar range of motion (ROM) is a critical component of spinal function and often affected by age and sex. This study aimed to evaluate the variations in lumbar ROM across different age groups in a healthy adult population and determine the influence of sex, height, weight, and body mass index.

Methods: A total of 208 subjects (106 men, 102 women) were recruited and stratified into age groups from the 20s to 60s and older.

Development and Validation of an 18-Gene Urine Test for High-Grade Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Benefits of prostate cancer (PCa) screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone are largely offset by excess negative biopsies and overdetection of indolent cancers resulting from the poor specificity of PSA for high-grade PCa (ie, grade group [GG] 2 or greater).

Objective: To develop a multiplex urinary panel for high-grade PCa and validate its external performance relative to current guideline-endorsed biomarkers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: RNA sequencing analysis of 58 724 genes identified 54 markers of PCa, including 17 markers uniquely overexpressed by high-grade cancers.

Predictors of relapsing disease course following index event in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune disease that can present as a monophasic or relapsing disease course. Here, we investigate the predictors of developing relapsing disease with a focus on the index event.

Methods: MOGAD patients followed at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital were included.

Single-Dose Post-Office Fulguration Mitomycin C Instillation Appears to Improve Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients With Low-Grade Noninvasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: Perioperative instillation of mitomycin-C (MMC) has shown effectiveness in reducing the recurrence of low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Data is lacking about the impact of single-dose MMC following office fulguration of low-grade urothelial carcinoma. We compared the outcomes of small-volume low-grade recurrent NMIBC in patients treated with office-fulguration - with and without an immediate single-dose instillation of MMC.

Abbreviated or Standard Antiplatelet Therapy in HBR Patients: Final 15-Month Results of the MASTER-DAPT Trial.

Background: Clinical outcomes and treatment selection after completing the randomized phase of modern trials, investigating antiplatelet therapy (APT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), are unknown.

Objectives: The authors sought to investigate cumulative 15-month and 12-to-15-month outcomes after PCI during routine care in the MASTER DAPT trial.

Methods: The MASTER DAPT trial randomized 4,579 high bleeding risk patients to abbreviated (n = 2,295) or standard (n = 2,284) APT regimens.

Autoimmune diseases and cancers overlapping with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): A systematic review.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has various similarities with AQP4-IgG-seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (AQP4-IgG + NMOSD) in terms of clinical presentations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and response to treatment. But unlike AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, which is known to coexist with various autoimmune diseases and cancers, an association of MOGAD with these conditions is less clear.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA).

Awareness of sex and gender dimensions among physicians: the European federation of internal medicine assessment of gender differences in Europe (EFIM-IMAGINE) survey.

Sociocultural gender is a complex construct encompassing different aspects of individuals' life, whereas sex refers to biological factors. These terms are often misused, although they impact differently on individuals' health. Recognizing the role of sex and gender on health status is fundamental in the pursuit of a personalized medicine.

Implementation of a Personalized Digital App for Pediatric Preanesthesia Evaluation and Education: Ongoing Usability Analysis and Dynamic Improvement Scheme.

Background: Preanesthesia evaluation is a basic practice preceding any surgical procedure, aimed at tailoring individualized anesthetic plans for patients, improving safety, and providing patients with educational knowledge and tools in preparation for the surgery day. In the last 2 decades, eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) settings have gradually replaced part of the face-to-face encounters as the platform for preanesthesia communication between doctor and patient, yielding a range of benefits as demonstrated in recent publications. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies examining the effectiveness of surgical mHealth apps focusing on the pediatric preanesthetic setting and addressing their usability among families.

Association of Maintenance Intravenous Immunoglobulin With Prevention of Relapse in Adult Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Importance: Recent studies suggest that maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be an effective treatment to prevent relapses in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD); however, most of these studies had pediatric cohorts, and few studies have evaluated IVIG in adult patients.

Objective: To determine the association of maintenance IVIG with the prevention of disease relapse in a large adult cohort of patients with MOGAD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 1, 2010, to October 31, 2021.

Outcomes of patients undergoing concurrent radical cystectomy and nephroureterectomy: A single-institution series.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) and radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) are commonly performed in urological oncology. Concurrent disease in the upper tract and bladder is rare, so performing both procedures in the same setting is uncommon. Here, we report the perioperative and oncological outcomes of a single-institution series of concurrent RC+RNU.

Remote Speech Analysis in the Evaluation of Hospitalized Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Objectives: This study assessed the performance of an automated speech analysis technology in detecting pulmonary fluid overload in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Background: Pulmonary edema is the main cause of heart failure (HF)-related hospitalizations and a key predictor of poor postdischarge prognosis. Frequent monitoring is often recommended, but signs of decompensation are often missed.

Association of age with response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: To assess the association of patient age with response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from 1105 patients with MIBC. Patients age was evaluated as continuous variable and stratified in quartiles.

Lipoprotein(a) and Benefit of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Nominally Controlled LDL Cholesterol.

Background: Guidelines recommend nonstatin lipid-lowering agents in patients at very high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) if low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains ≥70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin treatment. It is uncertain if this approach benefits patients with LDL-C near 70 mg/dL. Lipoprotein(a) levels may influence residual risk.

Longitudinal follow-up and performance validation of an mRNA-based urine test (Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor ) for surveillance in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor (Xpert; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) test as a predictor of tumour recurrence in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Patients And Methods: Patients (n = 429) undergoing surveillance for NMIBC underwent Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion testing. Patients with a positive Xpert and a negative cystoscopy result (positive-negative [PN] group, n = 66) and a control group of double negative patients (negative Xpert and cystoscopy results [NN] group) were followed for 12 months (±90 days).

Trends in urologic oncology clinical practice and medical education under COVID-19 pandemic: An international survey of senior clinical and academic urologists.

Objective: Ad-hoc guidelines for managing the COVID-19 pandemic are published worldwide. We investigated international applications of such policies in the urologic-oncology community.

Methods: A 20-item survey was e-mailed via SurveyMonkey to 100 international senior urologic-oncology surgeons.

Effect of Preanalytic Variables on an Automated PTEN Immunohistochemistry Assay for Prostate Cancer.

Context.—: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a promising prognostic and potentially predictive biomarker in prostate cancer.

Objective.

Effect of Increased Daily Water Intake in Premenopausal Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Increased hydration is often recommended as a preventive measure for women with recurrent cystitis, but supportive data are sparse.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of increased daily water intake on the frequency of recurrent cystitis in premenopausal women.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized, open-label, controlled, 12-month trial at a clinical research center (years 2013-2016).