The dynamic oral-gastric microbial axis connects oral and gastric health: current evidence and disputes.

Emerging evidence indicates that oral microbes are closely related to gastric microbes and gastric lesions, including gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori is a key pathogen involved in GC. However, the increasing prevalence of H.

Inhibiting autophagy selectively prunes dysfunctional tumor vessels and optimizes the tumor immune microenvironment.

Dysfunctional tumor vasculature, hypoxia, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment are significant barriers to effective cancer therapy. Autophagy, which is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and apoptosis resistance, is primarily triggered by hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, conditions prevalent in dysfunctional tumor vessels due to poor circulation. However, the role of autophagy in dysfunctional tumor endothelial cells and its impact on treatment and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain poorly understood.

Genetic improvement of low-lignin poplars: a new strategy based on molecular recognition, chemical reactions and empirical breeding.

As an important source of pollution in the papermaking process, the presence of lignin in poplar can seriously affect the quality and process of pulping. During lignin synthesis, Caffeoyl-CoA-O methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), as a specialized catalytic transferase, can effectively regulate the methylation of caffeoyl-coenzyme A (CCoA) to feruloyl-coenzyme A. Targeting CCoAOMT, this study investigated the substrate recognition mechanism and the possible reaction mechanism, the key residues of lignin binding were mutated and the lignin content was validated by deep convolutional neural-network model based on genome-wide prediction (DCNGP).

Trends, age shifts, and potential delayed peaks post-pandemic of early-onset brain and central nervous system cancers in individuals aged 20-49: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) cancers are highly lethal and increasingly affect younger populations aged 20-49, posing significant challenges to global healthcare systems. Current research on early-onset CNS cancer trends is limited and outdated, with uncertain impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the epidemiology of early-onset CNS cancer and the pandemic's effects.

Atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.

The skin serves as the first protective barrier for nonspecific immunity and encompasses a vast network of skin-associated immune cells. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease that affects individuals of all ages and races, with a complex pathogenesis intricately linked to genetic, environmental factors, skin barrier dysfunction as well as immune dysfunction. Individuals diagnosed with AD frequently exhibit genetic predispositions, characterized by mutations that impact the structural integrity of the skin barrier.

Identification of core therapeutic targets for Monkeypox virus and repurposing potential of drugs: A WEB prediction approach.

A new round of monkeypox virus has emerged in the United Kingdom since July 2022 and rapidly swept the world. Currently, despite numerous research groups are studying this virus and seeking effective treatments, the information on the open reading frame, inhibitors, and potential targets of monkeypox has not been updated in time, and the comprehension of monkeypox target ligand interactions remains a key challenge. Here, we first summarized and improved the open reading frame information of monkeypox, constructed the monkeypox inhibitor library and potential targets library by database research as well as literature search, combined with advanced protein modeling technologies (Sequence-based and AI algorithms-based homology modeling).

Cryptic phosphoribosylase activity of NAMPT restricts the virion incorporation of viral proteins.

As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses activate host metabolic enzymes to supply intermediates that support progeny production. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of salvage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis, is an interferon-inducible protein that inhibits the replication of several RNA and DNA viruses through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that NAMPT restricts herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication by impeding the virion incorporation of viral proteins owing to its phosphoribosyl-hydrolase (phosphoribosylase) activity, which is independent of the role of NAMPT in NAD synthesis.

BRD4 Degradation Enhanced Glioma Sensitivity to Temozolomide by Regulating Notch1 via Glu-Modified GSH-Responsive Nanoparticles.

Temozolomide (TMZ) serves as the principal chemotherapeutic agent for glioma; nonetheless, its therapeutic efficacy is compromised by the rapid emergence of drug resistance, the inadequate targeting of glioma cells, and significant systemic toxicity. ARV-825 may play a role in modulating drug resistance by degrading the BRD4 protein, thereby exerting anti-glioma effects. Therefore, to surmount TMZ resistance and achieve efficient and specific drug delivery, a dual-targeted glutathione (GSH)-responsive nanoparticle system (T+A@Glu-NP) is designed and synthesized for the co-delivery of ARV-825 and TMZ.

The structural Basis of NMN synthesis catalyzed by NadV from Haemophilus ducreyi.

NMN is a precursor in the biosynthesis of NAD, a molecule that plays a crucial role within cells. Supplementation with NMN can elevate NAD levels in the blood, improving symptoms of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, as well as providing anti-aging benefits. Escherichia coli was engineered to heterologously express nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), enabling the recombinant E.

Covalent inhibitors meet epigenetics: New opportunities.

Epigenetic intervention has become an important therapeutic strategy for a variety of diseases, such as cancer. Although a small number of epigenetic drugs have been marketed, most of these inhibitors are limited by their poor efficacy, dose-dependent toxicity, poor selectivity, and drug resistance. The development of covalent inhibitors has progressed from questioning to resurgence.

Synthesis, optimization and antitumor activity evaluation of sulfonyl benzoyl hydrazide derivatives as novel human LSD1 inhibitors.

A new set of compounds known as sulfonyl benzoyl hydrazide derivatives were synthesized and tested using cellular assays. Through systematic optimization starting from general structure S-1, compound 10e emerged as highly promising. It exhibited potent inhibitory activity with an IC value of 0.

A metal-organic nanoframework for efficient colorectal cancer immunotherapy by the cGAS-STING pathway activation and immune checkpoint blockade.

Immunotherapy has shown marked progress in promoting systemic anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical effects. For further effectively sensitizing CRC to immunotherapy, we have engineered a pH-sensitive zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (CS/NPs), capable of efficient cGAS-STING pathway activation and immune checkpoint blockade, by encapsulating the chemotherapeutic mitoxantrone (MTX) and immunomodulator thymus pentapeptide (TP5) and tailoring with tumor-targeting chondroitin sulfate (CS). In this nanoframework, CS endows CS/NPs with specific tumor-targeting activity and reduced systemic toxicity.

Pan-cancer analysis of the role of α2C-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2C) in human tumors and validation in glioblastoma multiforme models.

Several studies have reported the relationship between α2C-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2C) and both neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. However, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis is currently lacking. Utilizing the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the roles of ADRA2C in human pan-cancer were analyzed through a variety of bioinformatics approaches, including R programming language and single-cell sequencing data analysis, .

extracellular vesicles are enriched in colorectal cancer and facilitate bacterial adhesion.

in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue is implicated at multiple stages of the disease, while the mechanisms underlying bacterial translocation and colonization remain incompletely understood. Herein, we investigated whether extracellular vesicles derived from (FnEVs) have impacts on bacterial colonization. In mice with colitis-related CRC, a notable enrichment of FnEVs was observed, leading to a significant increase in intratumor colonization by and accelerated progression of CRC.

Artificial antigen-presenting cells: the booster for the obtaining of functional adoptive cells.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) achieves substantial efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumours, while enormous endeavors have been made to reduce relapse and extend the remission duration after ACT. For the genetically engineered T cells, their functionality and long-term anti-tumour potential depend on the specificity of the T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). In addition, the therapeutic benefit is directly to sufficient activation and proliferation of engineered T cells.

Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors.

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Tumor-Specific Nano-Herb Delivery System with High L-Arginine Loading for Synergistic Chemo and Gas Therapy against Cervical Cancer.

Cancer metastasis poses significant challenges in current clinical therapy. Osthole (OST) has demonstrated efficacy in treating cervical cancer and inhibiting metastasis. Despite these positive results, its limited solubility, poor oral absorption, low bioavailability, and photosensitivity hinder its clinical application.

Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration.

Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modifications orchestrates macrophage polarization, allowing them to respond to various stimuli dynamically.

Crystal structure and function analysis of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) is an essential enzyme in energy metabolism and redox reactions, and represents a potential drug target for the development of therapies targeting trypanosomes, plasmodium, or other pathogens. Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a contagious disease that severely affects human health, with approximately one-third of the world's population infected. However, the protein structure, exact oligomeric state, and catalytic mechanism of 6PGDH in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt6PGDH) have remained largely unknown.

m6A-dependent mature miR-151-5p accelerates the malignant process of HNSCC by targeting LYPD3.

miRNA has emerged as a crucial regulator in various of pathological and physiological processes, yet its precise mechanism of action the detailed mechanism of their action in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains incompletely understood. This study sheds light on the role of mi-151-5p, revealing its significantly elevated expression in tumor cells, which notably enhances the invasion and migration of HNSCC cells. This effect is achieved through directly targeting LY6/PLAUR Domain Containing 3 (LYPD3) by miR-151-5p, involving complementary binding to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) in the mRNA of LYPD3.