13,521 results match your criteria: "and Clinical Sciences.[Affiliation]"

The TGFβ signaling pathway is known for its pleiotropic functions in a plethora of biological processes. In melanoma, TGFβ signaling promotes invasiveness and metastasis formation. However, its involvement in the response to therapy is controversial.

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in women: A forgotten cardiovascular risk factor.

Maturitas

December 2024

Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy. Electronic address:

Sleep-disordered breathing is a highly prevalent disorder with negative impact on healthcare systems worldwide. This condition has detrimental effects on cardiovascular health and quality of life, and is frequently associated with a variety of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, heart failure, diabetes and atrial fibrillation. Nevertheless, it remains frequently undiagnosed and undertreated, especially in specific populations.

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Loneliness is an adaptive experience evolved to create motivation to engage in social relationships. However, for some young people, loneliness can become chronic which can have serious negative health consequences. Despite this, there is a relative lack of evidence for interventions.

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Impact of excess sugar on the whole genome DNA methylation pattern in human sperm.

Epigenomics

December 2024

Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

Aims, Patients & Methods: Dietary factors may regulate the epigenome. We aimed to explore whether a diet intervention, including excess sugar, affects the methylome in human sperm, and to describe the sperm methylome. We used Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) to analyze DNA methylation in sperm taken at three time points from 15 males during a diet intervention; i) at baseline, ii) after one week on a standardized diet, and iii) after an additional week on a high-sugar diet providing 150% of their estimated total energy expenditure.

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Background: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of de novo and persistent pelvic pain after benign hysterectomy and to assess risk factors.

Methods: A Swedish prospective multicenter study of 440 women undergoing benign hysterectomy was conducted between October 2011 and March 2017. Measures of pain, the spatial extent of bodily pain, and pain sensitivity were assessed using a self-reporting questionnaire, Margolis's patient pain drawing, and quantitative sensory testing of pain thresholds for pressure, heat, and cold, respectively.

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NRF-Mediated Autophagy and UPR: Exploring New Avenues to Overcome Cancer Chemo-Resistance.

Eur J Pharmacol

December 2024

Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Medicine, Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland; Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Chemo-resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy, and NRF1 and NRF2 are important in how cells handle oxidative stress, affecting tumor growth and drug resistance.
  • The study examines how NRF2 functions differently in normal and cancer cells, supporting cancer survival while protecting healthy cells.
  • It suggests that targeting the NRF signaling pathways could lead to new treatments that improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy against resistant tumors.
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Numerous studies have reported altered cytokine levels in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, yet findings remain inconsistent. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that circulating immune markers exhibit sex-based differences in T1D, both prior to and after disease onset. We analyzed 47-48 cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels in two cohorts.

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Introduction: Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic autoinflammatory disorder classified as an 'interferonopathy.' Nine genes have been implicated in AGS, encoding proteins involved in nucleic acid clearance, repair, sensing, or histone pre-mRNA processing. Dysregulation in these pathways leads to excessive type I interferon production, the primary driver of the disease.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a poor prognosis, and biomarkers to guide treatment decisions in PDAC are generally lacking. Intratumoural expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a potential prognostic parameter in patients with PDAC undergoing surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy. In the present study, DPD was analysed by immunohistochemistry of a tissue microarray platform including a real-world cohort of 495 patients with PDAC who had undergone resection with curative intent at any of three tertiary centres, including Northern, Western and Southeastern regions of Sweden, between 1993 and 2019.

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Analyzing the future of medicine and healthcare, especially during the rise of digital health and artificial intelligence, should rely on established futures methods that the discipline of futures studies has been using for decades. By employing such methods, healthcare professionals, policymakers and patient leaders could better navigate the complexities of modern healthcare, anticipate emerging challenges, and shape a future that is not just awaited but actively constructed.

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AI-based classification of anticancer drugs reveals nucleolar condensation as a predictor of immunogenicity.

Mol Cancer

December 2024

Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Paris, France.

Background: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers are often identified in phenotypic screening campaigns by the release or surface exposure of various danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from malignant cells. This study aimed to streamline the identification of ICD inducers by leveraging cellular morphological correlates of ICD, specifically the condensation of nucleoli (CON).

Methods: We applied artificial intelligence (AI)-based imaging analyses to Cell Paint-stained cells exposed to drug libraries, identifying CON as a marker for ICD.

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Research Question: Do directed oocyte donors differ from non-directed identity-release oocyte donors regarding pre-donation motives and ambivalence, and post-donation satisfaction and openness?

Design: The study is part of the longitudinal Swedish Study on Gamete Donation where consecutive samples of identity-release gamete donors at seven Swedish University Hospitals were approached during a 3-year period (2005-2008). The participants of the current study were 16 women who donated oocytes to family members or friends (directed donation) and 123 women who donated to unknown recipients (non-directed donation). Survey data on motivation, ambivalence, post-donation satisfaction and openness were collected at five time points between acceptance as a donor and 14-17 years post-donation.

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Introduction: Symptoms after second-degree tears and in particular episiotomies are common. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and degree of dyspareunia and level of satisfaction with the outcome of the perineal repair after a spontaneous second-degree tear compared to an episiotomy. Further, we aimed to identify risk factors for dyspareunia and dissatisfaction with the outcome.

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Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) has been increasingly used for the treatment of gastric cancer, however, its comparative safety and efficacy against the laparoscopic approach (LDG), remains unclear, especially when accounting the reconstruction method as a confounder. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the short-term outcomes of RDG vs LDG In patIents with gastric cancer, undergoing Billroth I and II reconstruction. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

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Introduction: Spirometry devices, which are components of many anaesthesia machines, are commonly used to assess lung mechanics during anaesthesia. Spirometry calibration usually adheres to manufacturer recommendations without established guidelines. Although more accurate and less variable than inbuilt spirometry in certain General Electric anaesthesia ventilators, near-patient spirometry lacks adequate evaluation.

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COVID-19 Pandemic's Effects on Occupational Health and Perceived Work Ability of a Large Group of Italian Banking Employees.

Med Lav

December 2024

Occupational Health Unit, Fatebenefratelli Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic compelled changes to the structure and organization of many occupational sectors that may impact workers' well-being and work-related symptoms.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of working modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic on occupational health outcomes and work ability (WA) among a large group of Italian banking employees.

Methods: 2,859 employees visited during health surveillance in 2021 were divided into two job groups: front-office (FO) and back-office workers (BO).

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that the lower gut microbiome of ruminants presents roles in their health and environment, including the development of the mucosal immune system, milk production efficiency and quality and subsequent methane emissions. However, there are proportionately fewer studies on this complex microbial community in cattle and region-focus studies are non- existent.

Methods: Herein, we present the research protocol of the GUTBIOME CY project pertaining to determine the composition of the lower gut microbiome in dairy cows situated in 37 farms across five districts of the island of Cyprus.

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Background And Aim: Children growing up in vulnerable circumstances have a higher risk of caries experience. Tracking the development of caries in relation to socioeconomic variables over time is essential for fair resource distribution to groups with higher caries risk and to even out inequalities in oral health. The aim was therefore to analyse the association between 6-year-olds´ caries prevalence and socioeconomic variables at family and residential area levels in 2010 and 2019 as well as potential differences in the association between 2010 and 2019.

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Background: Borrelia infection is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks, a common tick-borne infection in Northern Europe. The establishment of Borrelia infection depends on transmission of the spirochetes, as well as the immune response generated in the skin after a bite. Here we aim to investigate the local immune response in the skin after a tick bite and assess the possible direct effects of Borrelia, by applying gene expression analysis of the immune response in skin exposed to Borrelia-infected and non-infected ticks, respectively.

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Indications and Outcomes of Fetal Cystoscopy for Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction: A Comprehensive Review.

Prenat Diagn

December 2024

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) encompasses a spectrum of rare congenital anomalies affecting the fetal urinary system, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. This condition, arising from various anatomical anomalies such as posterior urethral valves (PUV), urethral atresia, and cloacal malformations, disrupts normal urine flow, resulting in secondary complications such as pulmonary hypoplasia and renal impairment. Current management strategies, including fetal vesicoamniotic shunting (VAS) and fetal cystoscopy, aim to alleviate obstruction and mitigate associated risks.

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Objective: To evaluate if postnatal treatment with betamethasone in extremely preterm infants was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 6.5 years of age.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

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Standardized Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Congenital Aniridia.

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

December 2024

Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Congenital Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.

Introduction: Congenital aniridia is a rare panocular disorder that is associated with varying degrees of impairment of visual acuity. The COST Action (CA18116) developed a survey (aniridia-net.eu) to assess patient-reported experiences with congenital aniridia and its impacts on vision and daily life.

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Abnormally high exertional breathlessness predicts mortality in people referred for incremental cycle exercise testing.

PLoS One

December 2024

Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Background: Exertional breathlessness is a key symptom in cardiorespiratory disease and can be quantified using incremental exercise testing, but its prognostic significance is unknown. We evaluated the ability of abnormally high breathlessness intensity during incremental cycle exercise testing to predict all-cause, respiratory, and cardiac mortality.

Study Design And Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of adults referred for exercise testing followed prospectively for mortality assessed using the Swedish National Causes of Death Registry.

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Objectives: To calculate a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on single nucleotide variants (SNVs) previously associated with primary Sjögren's disease (SjD) with genome-wide significance, and determine the genetic risk for SjD stratified by antibodies, sex and age at diagnosis.

Methods: Patients with SjD (n = 1065) were genotyped using Illumina OmniExpressExome chip. Control genotype data were available (n = 7742).

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Integration of personalised ultrasensitive ctDNA monitoring of patients with metastatic breast cancer to reduce imaging requirements.

Int J Cancer

December 2024

Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker for monitoring cancers. The personalised disease monitoring in metastatic breast cancer (PDM-MBC) study is an ongoing study instigated to evaluate ctDNA as a biomarker to individualise imaging requirements in patients with MBC. Patients receiving first-line endocrine therapy (aromatase inhibitor + cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor) had plasma samples collected pre-treatment, weeks 2 and 4, and concurrently with imaging until progressive disease (PD).

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