Comparison of the Effectiveness of Online and Face-to-Face Parent Training for Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities.

Background: Parent training (PT) is an effective intervention for improving children's behavioral problems and enhancing parental mental health in those caring for children with developmental disabilities (DD). Recent studies report the effectiveness of online PT (ON-PT). ON-PT encompasses both the on-demand type and the real-time type, which involves real-time online group PT delivered through web conferencing systems.

Effects of statins on kidney function in older adults.

Background: The effect of statin therapy on kidney function among older adults is unclear.

Objectives: To examine the association between statin use and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), positive or negative, in an older adult cohort with versus without chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline.

Methods: This analysis included 18,056 participants aged ≥65 years with versus without CKD at baseline in a randomized trial of low-dose aspirin, who had no prior cardiovascular events, major physical disability, or dementia initially.

Eight-fold increased COVID-19 mortality in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to MUC1 mutations: an observational study.

Background: MUC1 and UMOD pathogenic variants cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD). MUC1 is expressed in kidney, nasal mucosa and respiratory tract, while UMOD is expressed only in kidney. Due to haplo-insufficiency ADTKD-MUC1 patients produce approximately 50% of normal mucin-1.

Women's perspectives of molecular breast imaging: a qualitative study.

Background: Mammography has poor sensitivity in dense breast tissue. Retrospective studies suggest that Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI), has superior diagnostic accuracy to mammography in women with very dense breast tissue. Women's perspectives of MBI are unknown, but are crucial to understanding the feasibility of, and routes to, adoption into practice.

Estimation of minimal data sets sizes for machine learning predictions in digital mental health interventions.

Artificial intelligence promises to revolutionize mental health care, but small dataset sizes and lack of robust methods raise concerns about result generalizability. To provide insights on minimal necessary data set sizes, we explore domain-specific learning curves for digital intervention dropout predictions based on 3654 users from a single study (ISRCTN13716228, 26/02/2016). Prediction performance is analyzed based on dataset size (N = 100-3654), feature groups (F = 2-129), and algorithm choice (from Naive Bayes to Neural Networks).

Dimethomorph induces heart and vascular developmental defects by disrupting thyroid hormone in zebrafish embryos.

Dimethomorph (DMT) is a widely-used selective active fungicide that effectively controls downy mildew, crown rot, and late blight in crops. The extensive application of DMT raises concerns about its ecological impact on non-target organisms in the environment. However, there is limited understanding of the toxicological properties of DMT on these organisms.

Physical activity and incident cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors: the pathways study.

Purpose: Breast cancer survivors experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than women without breast cancer, due in part to cardiotoxic cancer treatments and shared lifestyle risk factors. Physical activity is associated with lower mortality risk in breast cancer survivors, but associations with CVD have not been examined in detail.

Methods: The Pathways Study is a prospective cohort study of 4,504 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2005 and 2013.

Clinical and genetic characterization of a progressive RBL2-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

Retinoblastoma (RB) proteins are highly conserved transcriptional regulators that play important roles during development by regulating cell-cycle gene expression. RBL2 dysfunction has been linked to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. However, to date, clinical features have only been described in six individuals carrying five biallelic predicted loss of function (pLOF) variants.

Artificial intelligence versus semi-automatic segmentation of the inferior alveolar canal on cone-beam computed tomography scans: A pilot study.

Background: The inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is a fundamental mandibular structure. It is important to conduct a precise pre-surgical evaluation of the IAC to prevent complications. Recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated potential as a valuable tool for dentists, particularly in the field of oral and maxillofacial radiology.

Development of the Curcumin Analog CA7 Liposome and Its Evaluation for Efficacy Against Cervical Cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop liposomes (LP) containing a curcumin (CU) analog CA7 to enhance its pharmacokinetic profile and anti-cervical cancer (CC) effects.

Methods: Single-factor and Box-Behnken experiments were conducted to optimize the formulation of CA7-loaded liposomes (CA7-LP). The in vitro release, stability, biocompatibility, and pharmacokinetic of CA7-LP were evaluated.

Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed the molecular networks and potential targets of cellular senescence in Alzheimer's disease.

Cellular senescence (CS) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms through which CS contributes to AD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We found that CS level in AD was higher compared with the healthy control group.

Recommendations for Transitioning Young People with Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders and Autoinflammatory Diseases to Adult Care.

Purpose: Significant improvements in the prognosis for young patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PID) and Autoinflammatory Disorders (AID), which together make up the majority of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), have resulted in the need for optimisation of transition and transfer of care to adult services. Effective transition is crucial to improve health outcomes and treatment compliance among patients. Evaluations of existing transition programmes in European health centres identified the absence of disease-specific transition guidelines for PID and AID, as a challenge to the transition process.

Structured tailored rehabilitation after hip fragility fracture: The 'Stratify' feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial protocol.

Background: Rehabilitation in hospital is effective in reducing mortality after hip fracture. However, there is uncertainty over optimal in-hospital rehabilitation treatment ingredients, and the generalizability of trial findings to subgroups of patients systematically excluded from previous trials. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial which aims to assess the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of adding a stratified care intervention to usual care designed to improve outcomes of acute rehabilitation for all older adults after hip fracture.

Stem Cell Markers LGR5, LGR4 and Their Immediate Signalling Partners are Dysregulated in Preeclampsia.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors 5/4 (LGR5/LGR4) are critical stem cell markers in epithelial tissues including intestine. They agonise wingless-related integration site (WNT) signalling. Until now, LGR5/LGR4 were uncharacterised in placenta, where analogous functions may exist.

Classification of chronic kidney disease in older Australian adults by the CKD-EPI 2009 and 2021 equations: secondary analysis of ASPREE study data.

Objectives: To assess the clinical impact on generally healthy older Australians of changing from the 2009 CKD-EPI (CKD-EPI) to the 2021 CKD-EPI (CKD-EPI) equation for calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Study Design: Secondary analysis of data from the prospective ASPirin in Reducing events in the Elderly (ASPREE) cohort study.

Setting, Participants: Australians aged 70 years or older living in the community and without life-limiting medical conditions, recruited 1 March 2010 - 31 December 2014 for the ASPREE trial.

Diagnostic Efficacy of Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease and Chronic Hepatitis B.

HBV-infected individuals are also presenting with MASLD. However, the value of VCTE for detecting hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in CHB patients concurrent with MASLD is unclear. In patients with combined CHB and MASLD, we intend to assess the diagnostic efficacy of VCTE in determining the extent of fibrosis and steatosis.

Vaccination coverage and access among children and adult migrants and refugees in the Middle East and North African region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The Middle East and North African (MENA) region is a major global hotspot for migration with more than 40 million migrants, who may be an under-vaccinated group because of barriers to vaccination within countries of origin, transit, and destination. We systematically synthesised the evidence on coverage, acceptance, drivers of uptake, and policies pertaining to vaccination for children and adult migrants in the region, in order to explore tailored interventions for these groups.

Methods: We searched six databases (including Medline, Embase) for peer-reviewed literature, and other websites (including WHO, IOM, ministries of health) for grey literature on coverage, acceptance, drivers of uptake and policies for any vaccination in migrants in the MENA region from between 2000 and 27 August 2024 in any language.

Respiratory Rate Monitoring via a Fibre Bragg Grating-Embedded Respirator Mask with a Wearable Miniature Interrogator.

A respiration rate (RR) monitoring system was created by integrating a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) optical fibre sensor into a respirator mask. The system exploits the sensitivity of an FBG to temperature to identify an individual's RR by measuring airflow temperature variation near the nostrils and mouth. To monitor the FBG response, a portable, battery-powered, wireless miniature interrogator system was developed to replace a relatively bulky benchtop interrogator used in previous studies.

CT-Guided Transthoracic Core-Needle Biopsy of Pulmonary Nodules: Current Practices, Efficacy, and Safety Considerations.

CT-guided transthoracic core-needle biopsy (CT-TTNB) is a minimally invasive procedure that plays a crucial role in diagnosing pulmonary nodules. With high diagnostic yield and low complication rates, CT-TTNB is favored over traditional surgical biopsies, providing accuracy in detecting both malignant and benign conditions. This literature review aims to present a comprehensive overview of CT-TTNB, focusing on its indications, procedural techniques, diagnostic yield, and safety considerations.

A Meta-Analysis of Timing of Complete Revascularization in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of STEMI patients with multi-vessel disease (MVD) reported potential superiority of immediate (ICR) vs. staged complete revascularization (SCR). Inherently, the risk of procedural MI is less likely to be detected in ICR patients, and this may have influenced the results.

A quantitative multi-parameter mapping protocol standardized for clinical research in multiple sclerosis.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) involves mapping microstructure in standardized units sensitive to histological properties and supplements conventional MRI, which relies on contrast weighted images where intensities have no biophysical meaning. While measuring tissue properties such as myelin, iron or water content is desired in a disease context, qMRI changes may typically reflect mixed influences from aging or pre-clinical degeneration. We used a fast multi-parameter mapping (MPM) protocol for clinical routine at 3T to reconstruct whole-brain quantitative maps of magnetization transfer saturation (MT), proton density (PD), longitudinal (R1), and transverse relaxation rate (R2*) with 1.