Feline Papillomatosis.

Different types of feline papillomaviruses (PVs) are associated with a variety of skin lesions and neoplasia, such as papillomas and cell carcinomas, but the virus can also be found in healthy skin. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of veterinary experts on feline infectious diseases from 11 European Countries, discusses the current knowledge of feline PV infections. Cats most likely become infected through lesions or abrasions of the skin.

Unveiling Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Hepatitis D Among Vulnerable Communities in Romania.

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and Delta (HDV) virus infections pose critical public health challenges, particularly in Romania, where HDV co-infection is underdiagnosed.

Methods: This study investigates the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of HBV/HDV co-infection in vulnerable populations, leveraging data from the LIVE(RO2) program. Conducted between July 2021 and November 2023, the program screened 320,000 individuals across 24 counties, targeting socially disadvantaged groups such as rural residents, the Roma community, and those lacking health insurance.

Pregnancy and COVID-19: Comparing ICU Outcomes for Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women.

Background: This study compares organ dysfunction, treatment strategies, and unfavorable outcome rates between pregnant and nonpregnant women admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19, highlighting the increased susceptibility of pregnant women to respiratory infections due to physiological changes.

Methods: A retrospective, age-matched study was conducted at a referral center specializing in critical care for pregnant women. Data from 14 pregnant/postpartum and 11 nonpregnant women were analyzed at ICU admission and on days 3, 5, and 7.

Prospective and Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Pneumonia: Potential Role of Decreased Naïve CD8 in COVID-19 Patients.

: During the acute phase of COVID-19, a number of immunological abnormalities have been reported, but few studies longitudinally analyzed the specific subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes. : In this observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, adult patients developing acute pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic have been followed up for 12 months. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were assessed (with a specific focus on the memory markers) at 6 time points after the disease onset until 12 months.

The Ability of Combined Flavonol and Trihydroxyorganic Acid to Suppress SARS-CoV-2 Reproduction.

The global burden of COVID-19 continues to rise, and despite significant progress in vaccine development, there remains a critical need for effective treatments for the severe inflammation and acute lung injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we explored the antiviral properties of a plant-derived complex consisting of flavonol and hydroxyorganic acid compounds. Our research focused on the ability of the flavonol and hydroxyorganic acid complex to suppress the activity of several key proteins involved in the replication and maturation of SARS-CoV-2.

Hospital-Based Surveillance of Respiratory Viruses Among Children Under Five Years of Age with ARI and SARI in Eastern UP, India.

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of death in children under five globally. The seasonal trends and profiles of respiratory viruses vary by region and season. Due to limited information and the population's vulnerability, we conducted the hospital-based surveillance of respiratory viruses in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Epidemiology and Ecology of Toscana Virus Infection and Its Global Risk Distribution.

Toscana virus (TOSV), a member of the genus transmitted by sandflies, is acknowledged for its capacity to cause neurological infections and is widely distributed across Mediterranean countries. The potential geographic distribution and risk to the human population remained obscure due to its neglected nature. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles published between 1 January 1971 and 30 June 2023 to extract data on TOSV detection in vectors, vertebrates and humans, clinical information of human patients, as well as the occurrence of two identified sandfly vectors for TOSV.

Exploration of the Role of Cyclophilins in Established Hepatitis B and C Infections.

Cyclophilin (Cyp) inhibitors are of clinical interest in respect to their antiviral activities in the context of many viral infections including chronic hepatitis B and C. Cyps are a group of enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity (PPIase), known to be required for replication of diverse viruses including hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV). Amongst the Cyp family, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of CypA have been investigated in detail, but potential roles of other Cyps are less well studied in the context of viral hepatitis.

Nanosuspension Innovations: Expanding Horizons in Drug Delivery Techniques.

Nanosuspensions (NS), with their submicron particle sizes and unique physicochemical properties, provide a versatile solution for enhancing the administration of medications that are not highly soluble in water or lipids. This review highlights recent advancements, future prospects, and challenges in NS-based drug delivery, particularly for oral, ocular, transdermal, pulmonary, and parenteral routes. The conversion of oral NS into powders, pellets, granules, tablets, and capsules, and their incorporation into film dosage forms to address stability concerns is thoroughly reviewed.

Monitoring M-Protein, Therapeutic Antibodies, and Polyclonal Antibodies in a Multiparametric Mass Spectrometry Assay Provides Insight into Therapy Response Kinetics in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by clonally expanded plasma cells that produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein), a personalized biomarker. Recently, we developed an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry method to quantify minimal residual disease (MS-MRD) by targeting unique M-protein peptides. Therapeutic antibodies (t-Abs), key in MM treatment, often lead to deep and long-lasting responses.

Plasmid Gene Therapy for Monogenic Disorders: Challenges and Perspectives.

Monogenic disorders are a group of human diseases caused by mutations in single genes. While some disease-altering treatments offer relief and slow the progression of certain conditions, the majority of monogenic disorders still lack effective therapies. In recent years, gene therapy has appeared as a promising approach for addressing genetic disorders.

Visual Acuity Outcomes and Influencing Factors in a Cohort of UK Real-World Diabetic Macular Oedema Patients During the First Two Years of Anti-VEGF Treatment.

Background/objectives: The visual acuity (VA) outcomes after the first and second years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) were evaluated, and the factors associated with treatment success were investigated.

Methods: Using Medisoft electronic medical records (UK), this retrospective cohort study analysed VA outcomes, changes, and determinants in DMO patients at year 1 and year 2 after initial anti-VEGF injection. Descriptive analysis examined baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, while regression models were used to assess associations between these factors and changes in VA.

Application of Light-Responsive Nanomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering.

The application of light-responsive nanomaterials (LRNs) in bone tissue engineering shows broad prospects, especially in promoting bone healing and regeneration. With a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of bone defects and healing disorders, LRNs are receiving increasing attention due to their non-invasive, controllable, and efficient properties. These materials can regulate cellular biological reactions and promote bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation by absorbing specific wavelengths of light and converting them into physical and chemical signals.

Nanoformulation of Spirooxindole and Methods for Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

This in vivo study introduces a newly developed spirooxindole derivative that is deemed safe and effective as a potential targeted therapy for various cancers. Extensive in vivo investigations, including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology, validated its potential for further preclinical and clinical exploration, necessitating comprehensive examinations of its bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. Additionally, this study involves the development of a commercially viable proniosomal drug delivery system for the compound, facilitating controlled drug release.

Design of the Multi-Bioactive Graphene-Oxide/Gelatin/Alginate Scaffolds as Dual ECM-Mimetic and Specific Wound Healing Phase-Target Therapeutic Concept for Advanced Wound Healing.

To develop and evaluate graphene oxide/gelatin/alginate scaffolds for advanced wound therapy capable of mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) and bio-stimulating all specific phases of the wound healing process, from inflammation and proliferation to the remodeling of damaged skin tissue in three dimensions. The scaffolds were engineered as interpenetrating polymeric networks by the crosslinking reaction of gelatin in the presence of alginate and characterized by structural, morphological, mechanical, swelling properties, porosity, adhesion to the skin tissue, wettability, and in vitro simultaneous release of the active agents. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds were evaluated in vitro by MTT test on fibroblasts (MRC5 cells) and in vivo using assay.

Selection of In Vivo Relevant Dissolution Test Parameters for the Development of Cannabidiol Formulations with Enhanced Oral Bioavailability.

Cannabidiol (CBD) shows interesting therapeutic properties but has yet to demonstrate its full potential in clinical trials partly due to its low solubility in physiologic media. Two different formulations of CBD (amorphous and lipid-based) have been optimized and enable an increase in bioavailability in piglets. In vivo studies are time-consuming, costly and life-threatening.

Development of an Adaptable Qualification Test Set for Personnel Involved in Visual Inspection Procedures of Parenteral Drug Products Manufactured Under Good Manufacturing Practice Conditions in Hospital Pharmacy Compounding Facilities.

Parenteral drug products manufactured under GMP conditions should be visually inspected for defects and particulate contamination by trained and qualified personnel. Although personnel qualification is required, no practical protocols or formal guidelines are available for the development of qualification test sets (QTSs) used for qualification procedures. The current practice is to either procure a standardized QTS from a commercial supplier or amass sufficient manufacturing rejects during visual inspection procedures to compile in-house QTSs.

Advances in Pure Drug Self-Assembled Nanosystems: A Novel Strategy for Combined Cancer Therapy.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems hold great promise for improving the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapies. However, their clinical translation remains hindered by several significant challenges, including intricate preparation processes, limited drug loading capacity, and concerns regarding potential toxicity. In this context, pure drug-assembled nanosystems (PDANSs) have emerged as a promising alternative, attracting extensive research interest due to their simple preparation methods, high drug loading efficiency, and suitability for large-scale industrial production.

Effect of Staggered vs. Simultaneous Co-Administration of Bempedoic Acid on Pharmacokinetics of Pravastatin: Randomized, Cross-Over Clinical Trial in Healthy Volunteers.

: Bempedoic acid (BA) is a novel cholesterol-lowering agent with proven positive effects on cardiovascular endpoints. Because it is an inhibitor of the hepatic transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, two uptake transporters regulating the intrahepatic availability of statins, it increases the systemic exposure of co-administered statins. This interaction could raise the risk of myopathy.

Emerging Pharmacological Interventions for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Therapeutic Advances.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive vascular condition characterized by venous hypertension and chronic inflammation, leading to significant clinical and socioeconomic impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emerging pharmacological interventions for CVI, focusing on clinical outcomes such as pain, edema, cutaneous blood flow, and quality of life. Eligible interventions comprised new vasoprotective drugs, such as hydroxyethylrutoside, Pycnogenol, aminaphthone, coumarin + troxerutin, and Venoruton, compared to the standard therapy of diosmin and hesperidin.

Innovative Strategies in Oncology: Bacterial Membrane Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are double-layered structures of nanoscale lipids released by gram-negative bacteria. They have the same membrane composition and characteristics as primitive cells, which enables them to penetrate cells and tissues efficiently. These OMVs exhibit excellent membrane stability, immunogenicity, safety, and permeability (which makes it easier for them to penetrate into tumour tissue), making them suitable for developing cancer vaccines and drug delivery systems.

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Psoriasis: From Clinical Practice to Basic Research.

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, represents a significant clinical challenge due to its complex pathogenesis and the limitations of existing therapeutic strategies. Current psoriasis diagnoses are primarily clinician-dependent, with instrumental diagnostics serving as adjuncts. Ongoing research is progressively deciphering its molecular underpinnings; the future of psoriasis diagnostics may involve genetic and immunological profiling to pinpoint biomarkers, enabling more accurate and timely interventions.

Peptides as Versatile Regulators in Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects.

The emergence of effective immunotherapies has revolutionized therapies for many types of cancer. However, current immunotherapy has limited efficacy in certain patient populations and displays therapeutic resistance after a period of treatment. To address these challenges, a growing number of immunotherapy drugs have been investigated in clinical and preclinical applications.

Safety and Intranasal Retention of a Broad-Spectrum Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody SA55 Nasal Spray in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I Clinical Trial.

Background: A broad-spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), SA55, is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants. This trial aimed at demonstrating the safety, tolerability, local drug retention and neutralizing activity, systemic exposure level, and immunogenicity of the SA55 nasal spray in healthy individuals.

Methods: This phase I, dose-escalation clinical trial combined an open-label design with a randomized, controlled, double-blind design.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Does Not Change the Pharmacokinetics and Transplacental Distribution of Fluoxetine and Norfluoxetine Enantiomers.

: Fluoxetine (FLX) is the inhibitor of serotonin reuptake most prescribed in pregnant women with depression. This study evaluates the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics and transplacental distribution of FLX and its metabolite norfluoxetine (norFLX). : Ten pregnant women diagnosed with GDM (GDM group) were investigated in the third trimester of gestation after they achieved good glycemic control.