Vision Correction Habits After COVID-19 Onset in Spectacle and Contact Lens Wearers.

Purpose: To determine how vision correction habits changed after the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic onset.

Methods: Participants reported vision correction habits, refractive error, screen time, mask wearing time, and dry eye symptoms since the COVID-19 pandemic onset through email survey.

Results: A total of 133 participants completed the survey.

A Systematic Review of Omega-3 Consumption and Neuroprotective Cognitive Outcomes.

Context: While a great deal of interest has been accorded to the cognitive effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs), there is a need for systematic review data that assess this outcome across the lifespan, accounting for population differences and highlighting methodological limitations of extant studies.

Objective: This systematic review addresses the effects of n-3s on human cognition and provides an overview on the current state of research and recommendations for future efforts.

Data Sources: Based on a thorough review of highly powered articles from PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and ProQuest Central, the authors evaluated articles published between 2000 and 2020 assessing LC PUFA status on cognition as a primary outcome measure.

Impact of Mask-Associated Dry Eye on Symptom Score.

Objectives: Owing to widespread mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic and clinical reports tying mask use with dryness, this study endeavors to determine if mask use is linked to symptoms of dry eye.

Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional survey study was performed. The survey used a modified Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire (SPEED, TearScience, Morrisville, NC) within 15 min of the beginning and discontinuation of mask wear.

The Hospital Ship as a Strategic Asset in21st Century Foreign Policy and Global Health Crises.

Introduction: Current U.S. hospital ships-USNS Mercy and Comfort-are old, slow, cumbersome, and indefensible, and due for retirement.

A Protocol for the Use of Case Reports/Studies and Case Series in Systematic Reviews for Clinical Toxicology.

Systematic reviews are routinely used to synthesize current science and evaluate the evidential strength and quality of resulting recommendations. For specific events, such as rare acute poisonings or preliminary reports of new drugs, we posit that case reports/studies and case series (human subjects research with no control group) may provide important evidence for systematic reviews. Our aim, therefore, is to present a protocol that uses rigorous selection criteria, to distinguish high quality case reports/studies and case series for inclusion in systematic reviews.

Keeping an "I" on PRIDE: Measuring Imitation in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy.

In parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), therapists encourage parents to imitate child behaviors in order to convey approval of the child's actions and promote the development of linguistic and social-cognitive skills. However, the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS-IV), used to measure skills taught during PCIT, does not include guidelines for coding parent-child imitation, making it difficult to determine how PCIT affects it. The current study addresses this problem by developing guidelines for coding imitation, which were then used to code DPICS-IV segments from 58 Mexican American families that participated in a past clinical trial.

Mechanosensitive Control of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Homeostasis in Mice Requires Osteocytic Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling.

Objective: Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays a complex tissue-specific and nonlinear role in osteoarthritis (OA). This study was conducted to determine the osteocytic contributions of TGFβ signaling to OA.

Methods: To identify the role of osteocytic TGFβ signaling in joint homeostasis, we used 16-week-old male mice (n = 9-11 per group) and female mice (n = 7-11 per group) with an osteocyte-intrinsic ablation of TGFβ receptor type II (TβRII mice) and assessed defects in cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone plate (SBP) thickness, and SBP sclerostin expression.

Recommendations for the conduct of systematic reviews in toxicology and environmental health research (COSTER).

Background: There are several standards that offer explicit guidance on good practice in systematic reviews (SRs) for the medical sciences; however, no similarly comprehensive set of recommendations has been published for SRs that focus on human health risks posed by exposure to environmental challenges, chemical or otherwise.

Objectives: To develop an expert, cross-sector consensus view on a key set of recommended practices for the planning and conduct of SRs in the environmental health sciences.

Methods: A draft set of recommendations was derived from two existing standards for SRs in biomedicine and developed in a consensus process, which engaged international participation from government, industry, non-government organisations, and academia.

The Relationship Between Vestibular Sensory Integration and Prosthetic Mobility in Community Ambulators With Unilateral Lower Limb Amputation.

Objective: The modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB) is used to clinically assess vestibular sensory integration (VSI), the process by which the central nervous system integrates vestibular afference to maintain balance. The rate and effects of impaired VSI (IVSI) on prosthetic mobility in people with lower limb amputation (LLA) is unknown. The objective of this study was to use the mCTSIB to classify VSI in active community ambulators with LLA and to examine the relationship between IVSI and prosthetic mobility, as measured by the Component Timed Up and Go (cTUG) test.

How Stakeholder Assessment of E-Prescribing Can Help Determine Incentives to Facilitate Management of Care: A Delphi Study.

Background: Little research has been conducted on the quality, benefits, costs, and financial considerations associated with health information technology (HIT), particularly informatics technologies such as e-prescribing, from the perspective of all of its stakeholders.

Objectives: To (a) identify the stakeholders involved in e-prescribing and (b) identify and rank order the positives and negatives of e-prescribing from the perspective of stakeholders in order to create a framework for payers, integrated delivery systems, policymakers and legislators, and those who influence public policy to assist them in the development of incentives and payment mechanisms that result in the better management of care.

Methods: The Delphi method was used to enlist a panel of experts in e-prescribing, informatics, and/or HIT who have published in the field.

Mindfulness Meditation Training and Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Mindfulness meditation training has been previously shown to enhance behavioral measures of executive control (e.g., attention, working memory, cognitive control), but the neural mechanisms underlying these improvements are largely unknown.

The Power of the Like in Adolescence: Effects of Peer Influence on Neural and Behavioral Responses to Social Media.

We investigated a unique way in which adolescent peer influence occurs on social media. We developed a novel functional MRI (fMRI) paradigm to simulate Instagram, a popular social photo-sharing tool, and measured adolescents' behavioral and neural responses to likes, a quantifiable form of social endorsement and potential source of peer influence. Adolescents underwent fMRI while viewing photos ostensibly submitted to Instagram.

Squeezing fact from fiction about 100% fruit juice.

Total fruit intake in the United States is ~1 cup equivalent per day, or one-half of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation for adults. Two-thirds of the fruit consumed is whole fruit and one-third is 100% juice. The nutritional value of whole fruit, with the exception of fiber and vitamin C, may be retained with appropriate juice production methods and storage conditions.

Community-academic partnerships in HIV-related research: a systematic literature review of theory and practice.

Introduction: Community involvement in HIV research has increased over recent years, enhancing community-academic partnerships. Several terms have been used to describe community participation in research. Clarification is needed to determine whether these terms are synonymous or actually describe different research processes.

Peripherally inserted central catheter: compliance with evidence-based indications for insertion in an inpatient setting.

A randomized, retrospective chart review was conducted at a medium-sized community hospital to verify appropriateness of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) use in 49 inpatient patients. Study results support the Infusion Nurses Society recommendation to use PICCs to facilitate either short- or long-term intravenous therapy of vesicants, irritants, and any medications with a pH less than 5 or greater than 9 and osmolarity greater than 600 mOsm/L. All PICC insertion criteria recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were met except one--the intended duration of intravenous therapy of more than 6 days.

Characterization of localized surface plasmon resonance transducers produced from Au(25) nanoparticle multilayers.

This article reports the preparation of gold plasmonic transducers using a nanoparticle self-assembly/heating method and the characterization of the films using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). Nanoparticle-polymer multilayer films were prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly on glass slides by alternating exposures to monodisperse Au(25) nanoparticles and ionic polymer linkers. Thermal evaporation of organic matters from the nanoparticle-polymer multilayer films at 600 °C allowed the nanoparticles to coalescence and form nanostructured films.

Mechanisms of risk and resilience in military families: theoretical and empirical basis of a family-focused resilience enhancement program.

Recent studies have confirmed that repeated wartime deployment of a parent exacts a toll on military children and families and that the quality and functionality of familial relations is linked to force preservation and readiness. As a result, family-centered care has increasingly become a priority across the military health system. FOCUS (Families OverComing Under Stress), a family-centered, resilience-enhancing program developed by a team at UCLA and Harvard Schools of Medicine, is a primary initiative in this movement.

First Report of Bacterial Blight of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis in California.

In 2008, field-grown cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., cv.

Interest in cosmetic surgery and body image: views of men and women across the lifespan.

Background: Little is known about interest in cosmetic surgery among the general public or how this interest is related to gender, age, relationship status, body mass index, or body image satisfaction.

Methods: The present study tested these associations among a sample of 52,677 heterosexual men and women aged 18 to 65 years who completed the online "ELLE/MSBNC.com Sex and Body Image Survey" in 2003.

Programa shortstop: a culturally focused juvenile intervention for Hispanic youth.

Culturally sensitive juvenile delinquency and substance abuse interventions are relatively limited and unavailable to many first-time Hispanic juvenile offenders. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a culturally focused juvenile and substance abuse intervention program for first time Hispanic youth offenders. The intent of the program was to decrease juvenile recidivism and increase substance abuse resistance.

Symptom differences among anxiety patients in clinics with differing treatment orientations : a pilot investigation.

Patients with screening diagnoses of DSM-III-R anxiety disorders were surveyed in two clinics, one oriented toward pharmacology, the other toward behavior therapy. Patients in the two clinics were similar on demographic, diagnostic, and treatment variables but dissimilar on severity and composition of symptoms and on the use of medications and medical services. Patients seen in the psychopharmacology clinic reported more physical symptoms and more frequent use of prescription and over-the-counter medications.