Functional Involvement of TANK-Binding Kinase 1 in the MyD88-Dependent NF-B Pathway Through Syk.

Inflammation is a vital immune defense mechanism regulated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) pathway. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is central to immunity and inflammation and influences antiviral responses and cellular processes. However, the precise role of TBK1 in modulating the NF-B pathway through interactions with other proteins, such as spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), remains poorly understood.

Bio-Inspired Sensory Receptors for Artificial-Intelligence Perception.

In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), there is a growing interest in replicating human sensory perception. Selective and sensitive bio-inspired sensory receptors with synaptic plasticity have recently gained significant attention in developing energy-efficient AI perception. Various bio-inspired sensory receptors and their applications in AI perception are reviewed here.

Anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Connarus semidecandrus Jack ethanol extract in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Connarus semidecandrus Jack (Family: connaraceae) is a medicinal plant known for its wide distribution throughout Southeast Asia. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, it has been traditionally used for treating fever, skin irritation, and colic.

Aim Of The Study: Numerous individuals suffer from skin issues, including wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and inflammation, due to environmental factors.

Protopanaxatriol activates EGFR and HER2 to strengthen the molecules of skin protection in human keratinocytes.

Background: Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is an important ginsenoside produced by ginseng, a tonic plant used in many areas. PPT has beneficial effects against many disease states including inflammation, diabetes, and cancer. However, PPT's protective effects on skin integrity have been rarely studied.

Protection of c-Fos from autophagic degradation by PRMT1-mediated methylation fosters gastric tumorigenesis.

Both AP-1 and PRMT1 are vital molecules in variety of cellular progresssion, but the interaction between these proteins in the context of cellular functions is less clear. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the pernicious diseases worldwide. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mode of action underlying gastric tumorigenesis is still elusive.

Ginsenoside F2 enhances glucose metabolism by modulating insulin signal transduction in human hepatocarcinoma cells.

Background: Ginsenoside F2 (GF2), a minor component of , has been reported to possess a wide variety of pharmacological activities. However, its effects on glucose metabolism have not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the underlying signaling pathways involved in its effects on hepatic glucose.

Protective effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg2 on atherosclerosis.

Background: Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) has a variety of pharmacological activities and provides benefits during inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. However, there are no reports about the relationship between Rg2 and atherosclerosis.

Methods: We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to detect the cell viability of Rg2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Antiphotoaging and Skin-Protective Activities of Ethanol Extract in Human Keratinocytes.

is a traditional medicinal herb used in Vietnam and several other countries. However, the skin-protective properties of ethanol extract (As-EE) have not been evaluated. Human keratinocytes form the outermost barrier of the skin and are the main target of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Ginsenosides are active ingredients in with immunomodulatory properties from cellular to organismal levels.

The immune system is one of the most important parts of the human body and immunomodulation is the major function of the immune system. In response to outside pathogens or high inflammation, the immune system is stimulated or suppressed. Thus, identifying effective and potent immunostimulants or immunosuppressants is critical.

Korean Red Ginseng water extract inhibits cadmium-induced lung injury via suppressing MAPK/ERK1/2/AP-1 pathway.

Background: Few studies reported the therapeutic effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in lung inflammatory diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory role and underlying molecular in cadmium-induced lung injury have been poorly understood, directly linked to chronic lung diseases (CLDs): chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer etc. Therefore, in this study we aim to investigate the therapeutic activities of water extract of KRG (KRG-WE) in mouse cadmium-induced lung injury model.

NK cell-mediated immunostimulatory effects of ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit.

Background: Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a plant that has long been used in various products such as foods and cosmetics. Although noni has been known to have immunostimulatory activity, detailed mechanism at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we focused on understanding as to how noni fruit can positively stimulate body's immune responses.

Callerya atropurpurea suppresses inflammation in vitro and ameliorates gastric injury as well as septic shock in vivo via TLR4/MyD88-dependent cascade.

Background: Callerya atropurpurea is a traditional plant in a tropical zone discovered to have anti-inflammatory functions.

Purpose: we want to investigate the mechanism related to anti-inflammation of C. atropurpurea ethanol extract (Ca-EE) both in vitro and in vivo.

Syringaresinol derived from berry attenuates oxidative stress-induced skin aging via autophagy.

Background: In aged skin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to visible aging signs. Collagens in the ECM are cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Syringaresinol (SYR), isolated from berry, has various physiological activities, including anti-inflammatory action.

Nutt. Ethanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Suppression of the Src/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Inflammation is an immune response that protects against harmful stimuli. However, severe inflammation can cause many diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of Nutt.

de Vriese Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Src Inhibition.

Growing demand for treatment options against acute lung injury (ALI) emphasizes studies on plant extracts harboring anti-inflammatory effects. According to GC-MS analysis, de Vriese consists of various flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of an extract of de Vriese (Ac-EE) were assessed using RAW264.

Hymenocallis littoralis ameliorates inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosal injury via targeting the MAPK pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. Also known as Pancratium littorale Jacq.

p38-dependent c-Jun degradation contributes to reduced PGE2 production in sodium orthovanadate-treated macrophages.

In particular, the phenomenon of c-Jun degradation within the inflammatory response has not yet been fully analyzed. In order to verify this, we investigated LPS-stimulated murine macrophages pre-treated with sodium orthovanadate (SO) in order to uncover the regulatory mechanisms of the MAPKs which regulate c-Jun degradation within the inflammatory response. Through our study, we found that SO suppressed the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cogn. Methanol Extract by Inhibiting Src Activity in the NF-κB Pathway.

There is a growing need to develop anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate inflammatory responses. An extract of Cogn. had the best inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in screening process undertaken in our laboratory.

Antiviral peptide engineering for targeting membrane-enveloped viruses: Recent progress and future directions.

Membrane-enveloped viruses are a major cause of global health challenges, including recent epidemics and pandemics. This mini-review covers the latest efforts to develop membrane-targeting antiviral peptides that inhibit enveloped viruses by 1) preventing virus-cell fusion or 2) disrupting the viral membrane envelope. The corresponding mechanisms of antiviral activity are discussed along with peptide engineering strategies to modulate membrane-peptide interactions in terms of potency and selectivity.

Lipid Nanoparticle Technology for Delivering Biologically Active Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides.

There is enormous interest in utilizing biologically active fatty acids and monoglycerides to treat phospholipid membrane-related medical diseases, especially with the global health importance of membrane-enveloped viruses and bacteria. However, it is difficult to practically deliver lipophilic fatty acids and monoglycerides for therapeutic applications, which has led to the emergence of lipid nanoparticle platforms that support molecular encapsulation and functional presentation. Herein, we introduce various classes of lipid nanoparticle technology and critically examine the latest progress in utilizing lipid nanoparticles to deliver fatty acids and monoglycerides in order to treat medical diseases related to infectious pathogens, cancer, and inflammation.

Protective Effect of in UVB-Induced Photoaging Process.

Maintaining skin homeostasis is one of the most important factors for skin health. UVB-induced skin photoaging is a difficult problem that has negative impacts on skin homeostasis. So far, a number of compounds have been discovered that improve human skin barrier function and hydration, and are thought to be effective ways to protect skin homeostasis.

Kahweol Exerts Skin Moisturizing Activities by Upregulating STAT1 Activity.

Kahweol is a diterpene present in coffee. Until now, several studies have shown that kahweol has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic functions. Due to the limited research available about skin protection, this study aims to discern the potential abilities of kahweol and the possible regulation targets.

Lipid bilayer coatings for rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely used method for protein detection and relies on the specific capture of target proteins while minimizing the nonspecific binding of other interfering proteins and biomolecules. To prevent nonspecific binding events, blocking agents such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein, mixtures of proteins in media such as milk or serum, and/or surfactants are typically added to ELISA plates after probe attachment and before analyte capture. Herein, we developed a streamlined ELISA strategy in which readily prepared lipid nanoparticles are utilized as the blocking agent and are added together with the probe molecule to the ELISA plate, resulting in fewer processing steps, quicker protocol time, and superior detection performance compared to conventional BSA blocking.

Cyclodextrin-based Pickering emulsions: functional properties and drug delivery applications.

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are biocompatible, cyclic oligosaccharides that are widely used in various industrial applications and have intriguing interfacial science properties. While CD molecules typically have low surface activity, they are capable of stabilizing emulsions by inclusion complexation of oil-phase components at the oil/water interface, which results in Pickering emulsion formation. Such surfactant-free formulations have gained considerable attention in recent years, owing to their enhanced physical stability, improved tolerability, and superior environmental compatibility compared to conventional, surfactant-based emulsions.

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Theasinensin A.

Theasinensin A (TSA) is a major group of catechin dimers mainly found in oolong tea and black tea. This compound is also manufactured with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a substrate and is refined after the enzyme reaction. In previous studies, TSA has been reported to be effective against inflammation.