A scoping review and expert consensus on digital determinants of health.

Objective: To map how social, commercial, political and digital determinants of health have changed or emerged during the recent digital transformation of society and to identify priority areas for policy action.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science on 24 September 2023, to identify eligible reviews published in 2018 and later. To ensure we included the most recent literature, we supplemented our review with non-systematic searches in PubMed® and Google Scholar, along with records identified by subject matter experts.

Modern perspective of the Rice Diet for hypertension and other metabolic diseases.

Background: In the early 1940s, before antihypertensive drugs were available, the Rice Diet Programme (RDP) was developed to treat severe hypertension and, later, diabetes and obesity. Despite significant advancements in dietary management for these conditions since then, debates remain regarding the proper guidelines for sodium and macronutrients intakes. The patient care records of RDP offer a unique source of longitudinal examination of a very low sodium (<10 mmol/day), fat, cholesterol and protein diet on blood pressure (BP), other health markers and survival.

Impact of the external knee flexion moment on patello-femoral loading derived from loads and kinematics.

Introduction: Anterior knee pain and other patello-femoral (PF) complications frequently limit the success of total knee arthroplasty as the final treatment of end stage osteoarthritis. However, knowledge about the loading conditions at the PF joint remains limited, as no direct measurements are available. We hypothesised that the external knee flexion moment (EFM) is highly predictive of the PF contact forces during activities with substantial flexion of the loaded knee.

Mental Health and the Intersection of Perceived Discrimination and Social Inequalities Among Students in Germany - a Quantitative Intersectional Study.

Objectives: Discrimination poses a threat to the mental health of university students, especially those affected by social inequality, yet understanding its intersectional impact remains limited. This study examines the intersection of social inequalities with perceived discrimination to explore differences in mental health among students in Germany.

Methods: Data from the cross-sectional project "Survey on study conditions and mental health of university students" (n = 14,592) were analysed using Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA).

Arthroplasty registries at a glance: an initiative of the International Society of Arthroplasty Registries (ISAR) to facilitate access, understanding, and reporting of registry data from an international perspective.

Background And Purpose:  The amount of information publicly available from arthroplasty registries is large but could be used more effectively. This project aims to improve the knowledge concerning existing registries to facilitate access, transparency, harmonization, and reporting.

Methods: Within the International Society of Arthroplasty Registries (ISAR) we aimed at developing, testing, adopting, and making publicly available a short, standardized registry description with items considered relevant for stakeholders using a cross-sectional study survey.

Longitudinal assessment of diffusion-weighted imaging during magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Background: For radiotherapy of head and neck cancer (HNC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role due to its high soft tissue contrast. Moreover, it offers the potential to acquire functional information through diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with the potential to personalize treatment. The aim of this study was to acquire repetitive DWI during the course of online adaptive radiotherapy on an 1.

Development and application of a clinical core data set for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease, dystonia or tremor: from data collection to data exchange and data sharing.

Background: Comprehensive clinical data regarding factors influencing the individual disease course of patients with movement disorders treated with deep brain stimulation might help to better understand disease progression and to develop individualized treatment approaches.

Methods: The clinical core data set was developed by a multidisciplinary working group within the German transregional collaborative research network ReTune. The development followed standardized methodology comprising review of available evidence, a consensus process and performance of the first phase of the study.

The implementation and side effect management of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic oncology: a JAGO/NOGGO survey.

Background: The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into routine gynecologic cancer treatment requires a thorough understanding of how to manage immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to ensure patient safety. However, reports on real-world clinical experience in the management of ICIs in gynecologic oncology are very limited. The aim of this survey was to provide a real-world overview of the experiences and the current state of irAE management of ICIs in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.

Medical management pathways for Cushing's disease in pituitary tumors centers of excellence (PTCOEs).

Purpose: A recent update of consensus guidelines for the management of Cushing's disease (CD) included indications for medical therapy. However, there is limited evidence regarding their implementation in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate current medical therapy approaches by expert pituitary centers through an audit conducted to validate the criteria of Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOEs) and provide an initial standard of medical care for CD.

Enhanced recovery after surgery society's recommendations for liver surgery reduces non surgical complications.

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal approach to improve surgical outcome and has been implemented in many fields of surgery in an international scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) society recommendations in liver surgery and the impact on general and surgery-related complications. 1049 patients who underwent liver surgery from July 2018 to October 2023 were included.

CRAmed: a conditional randomization test for high-dimensional mediation analysis in sparse microbiome data.

Motivation: Numerous microbiome studies have revealed significant associations between the microbiome and human health and disease. These findings have motivated researchers to explore the causal role of the microbiome in human complex traits and diseases. However, the complexities of microbiome data pose challenges for statistical analysis and interpretation of causal effects.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.

Latest clinical frontiers related to autism diagnostic strategies.

The diagnosis of autism is currently based on the developmental history, direct observation of behavior, and reported symptoms, supplemented by rating scales/interviews/structured observational evaluations-which is influenced by the clinician's knowledge and experience-with no established diagnostic biomarkers. A growing body of research has been conducted over the past decades to improve diagnostic accuracy. Here, we provide an overview of the current diagnostic assessment process as well as of recent and ongoing developments to support diagnosis in terms of genetic evaluation, telemedicine, digital technologies, use of machine learning/artificial intelligence, and research on candidate diagnostic biomarkers.

Characterization of children with early onset pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Background: Early onset pediatric multiple sclerosis (EOPMS) provides an early window of opportunity to understand the mechanisms leading to MS.

Objective: To investigate clinical, laboratory and imaging differences between children with early onset pediatric MS (<11 years, EOPMS) and late onset pediatric MS (≥11 years, LOPMS).

Methods: Mostly prospectively collected data of children with MS including clinical presentation, MRI at onset, time to second relapse, relapse rate, treatment history, and CSF markers were eligible.

Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (BIHi292-A) from PBMCs of a female patient diagnosed with Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD)/polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL) carrying a novel heterozygous mutation in the TREM2 gene.

NHD/PLOSL is an orphan disease characterized by progressive presenile dementia associated with recurrent fractures due to polycystic bone lesions. In this study, we generated the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line BIHi292-A from a 30-year-old women diagnosed with NHD/PLOSL, carrying two compound heterozygous frameshift mutations [c.313del (p.

Cognitive Deficits in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis Are Linked to Immunotherapy-Resistant White Matter Network Changes.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive deficits represent a major long-term complication of anti-leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis (LGI1-E). Although severely affecting patient outcomes, the structural brain changes underlying these deficits remain poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesized a link between white matter (WM) networks and cognitive outcomes in LGI1-E.

A comparative analysis of risk stratification tools in systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a EUSTAR analysis.

Objectives: The 2022 European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) Guidelines for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) recommend risk stratification to optimize management. However, the performance of generic PAH risk stratification tools in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated PAH remains unclear. Our objective was to identify the most accurate approach for risk stratification at SSc-PAH diagnosis.

Prognostic significance and accuracy of oncologists' estimates of survival time in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Objective: We evaluated the accuracy of oncologists' estimates of expected survival time in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Methods: Oncologists estimated expected survival time at baseline for each patient, who were then followed up for survival time. We hypothesized that oncologists' estimates of expected survival time would be independently significant predictors of survival, unbiased (approximately equal proportions [50%] living longer versus shorter than their expected survival time), or imprecise (<30% within 0.

Predictors for Development of Asphyxiated Neonates Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Aim: To describe the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of asphyxiated neonates treated with hypothermia in association with neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Methods: We evaluated, retrospectively, clinical and radiological single-centre data at 0, 2, and 5 years of age of 53 asphyxiated neonates born between 2005 and 2015. Neonatal cranial MRI was re-evaluated using the Weeke score ranging from 0 (normal finding) to 55 (cerebral devastation) by a single neuroradiologist blinded to patient outcomes.

Expression and function of Connexin 43 and Connexin 37 in the murine zona glomerulosa.

The zona glomerulosa (ZG) synthesizes the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. The primary role of aldosterone is the maintenance of volume and electrolyte homeostasis. Aldosterone synthesis is primarily regulated via tightly controlled oscillations in intracellular calcium levels in response to stimulation.

SPIRIT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials protocols.

Unlabelled: Transparent and accurate reporting in early phase dose-finding (EPDF) clinical trials is crucial for informing subsequent larger trials. The SPIRIT statement, designed for trial protocol content, does not adequately cover the distinctive features of EPDF trials. Recent findings indicate that the protocol contents in past EPDF trials frequently lacked completeness and clarity.

CONSORT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials.

Unlabelled: Early phase dose-finding (EPDF) trials are key in the development of novel therapies, with their findings directly informing subsequent clinical development phases and providing valuable insights for reverse translation. Comprehensive and transparent reporting of these studies is critical for their accurate and critical interpretation, which may improve and expedite therapeutic development. However, quality of reporting of design characteristics and results from EPDF trials is often variable and incomplete.

The promise of community-driven preprints in ecology and evolution.

Publishing preprints is quickly becoming commonplace in ecology and evolutionary biology. Preprints can facilitate the rapid sharing of scientific knowledge establishing precedence and enabling feedback from the research community before peer review. Yet, significant barriers to preprint use exist, including language barriers, a lack of understanding about the benefits of preprints and a lack of diversity in the types of research outputs accepted (e.