901 results match your criteria: "and Behavior Research Center[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • Entrainment theories suggest that attention alternates between being focused and disengaged, leading to possible benefits in tasks with rhythmic structures.
  • In two experiments aimed at testing these theories through auditory tasks, the study found no advantages for rhythmic sequences over arrhythmic ones in terms of performance.
  • Additionally, results indicated that arrhythmic conditions were associated with larger pupil sizes, implying increased processing demands, which challenges the broader applicability of entrainment theories in various experimental setups.
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An Overview of Neurophenomenological Approaches to Meditation and Their Relevance to Clinical Research.

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging

November 2024

Edmond Safra Brain Research Center, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; School of Therapy, Counseling and Human Development, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Learning and Instructional Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address:

There is a renewed interest in taking phenomenology seriously in consciousness research, contemporary psychiatry, and neurocomputation. The neurophenomenology research program, pioneered by Varela, rigorously examines subjective experience using first-person methodologies, inspired by phenomenology and contemplative practices. This review explores recent advancements in neurophenomenological approaches, particularly their application to meditation practices and potential clinical research translations.

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The role of white matter variability in TMS neuromodulatory effects.

Brain Stimul

December 2024

Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.

Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a widely used tool to explore the causal role of focal brain regions in cognitive processing. TMS effects over attentional processes are consistent and replicable, while at the same time subjected to individual variability. This individual variability needs to be understood to better comprehend TMS effects, and most importantly, its clinical applications.

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The social and legal treatment of prostitution varies between countries. We examined attitudes toward prostitution (ATP) and their susceptibility to persuasion in three countries: Norway, where prostitution is illegal; Spain, where prostitution is not explicitly regulated in the law; and Germany, where prostitution is legal. Participants (total N = 579) read arguments in favor of either legalization or abolition of prostitution or no arguments.

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High-level visual prediction errors in early visual cortex.

PLoS Biol

November 2024

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Perception is shaped by both incoming sensory input and expectations derived from our prior knowledge. Numerous studies have shown stronger neural activity for surprising inputs, suggestive of predictive processing. However, it is largely unclear what predictions are made across the cortical hierarchy, and therefore what kind of surprise drives this up-regulation of activity.

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The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a dynamic brain region involved in emotional experiences and subject to long-term plasticity. The BLA also modulates activity, plasticity, and related behaviors associated with other brain regions, including the mPFC and hippocampus. Accordingly, intra-BLA plasticity can be expected to alter both BLA-dependent behaviors and behaviors mediated by other brain regions.

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Introduction: Intimate partner violence against women is a global health issue. Exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy leads to health-related problems for both the mother and the newborn. However, current knowledge on its occurrence varies widely and assessing the problem using standardized tools in different contexts is needed.

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Several studies in both animal models and in humans have provided substantial evidence that early life stress (ELS) induces long-term changes in behavior and brain function, making it a significant risk factor in the aetiology of various mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ELS in male rats (i) leads to increased anxiety and depressive-like symptoms; and (ii) that these behavioral changes are associated with functional alterations in the endocannabinoid system of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We further assessed whether the predicted changes in the gene expression of two key components of the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms.

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Extracting regularities and probabilities from the environment is a fundamental and critical ability in an ever-changing surrounding. Previous findings showed that people are highly efficient in learning these regularities and that emotional stimuli are better learned than neutral ones. Yet, the generality and the underlying mechanism of this benefit are poorly understood.

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Individuals greatly differ in their responses to acute stress, ranging from resilience to vulnerability that may yield stress-related psychopathology. Stress-related psychopathologies involve, by definition, substantial modifications across multiple behavioural domains, including impaired cognitive, affective and social functioning. Nevertheless, and despite extensive investigation of individual variability in stress responsivity, no study to date simultaneously assessed the impact of acute stress across multiple behavioural domains within a given individual.

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The Body Knows Better: Sensorimotor signals reveal the interplay between implicit and explicit Sense of Agency in the human mind.

Cognition

January 2025

School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Cognitive Sciences University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address:

Sense of Agency (SoA) is the feeling of control over our actions. SoA has been suggested to arise from both implicit sensorimotor integration as well as higher-level decision processes. SoA is typically measured by collecting participants' subjective judgments, conflating both implicit and explicit processing.

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Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW) experience neuropsychological and cerebral changes, which have been linked to several tentative causal mechanisms, including elevated cortisol levels, psychopathological disorders, traumatic brain injury (TBI), hypoxic/ischemic brain damage, and medical conditions related to IPVAW. While these mechanisms and their effects on brain function and neuropsychological health are well-documented in other clinical populations, they manifest with unique characteristics in women affected by IPVAW. Specifically, IPVAW is chronic and repeated in nature, and mechanisms are often cumulative and may interact with other comorbid conditions.

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Official statistics and data from police and judicial systems consistently show that intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide problem predominantly affecting women perpetrated by male partners. Yet, certain behavioral checklists yield similar IPV rates for both genders, sparking the gender symmetry/asymmetry debate. Some possible explanations for this discrepancy reside in (a) considering or not the consequences of violence, (b) possible inadequacies of the instructions given to participants when answering checklists, and (c) considering or not certain behaviors typically asymmetrical (e.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates how perceived severity and assessed risk influence the relationship between dependency and help-seeking behaviors in survivors of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW).
  • The research included 266 women, revealing a significant prevalence of psychological (83.8%), physical (23.7%), and sexual violence (54.1%) among participants.
  • Findings suggest that higher dependency levels lead to lower perceived severity and risk assessment, making it harder for survivors to seek help; thus, education on equality and awareness of IPVAW is crucial for promoting support-seeking behaviors.
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Opioid-related emergency admissions in people with opioid dependence/use disorder with and without sickle cell disease: An analysis of multi-state insurance claims.

Gen Hosp Psychiatry

December 2024

Health and Behavior Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate opioid-related hospital admissions among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who have opioid-related disorders, analyzing a decade's worth of data from over 191,000 individuals in the U.S.
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  • Findings revealed that while patients with SCD had more all-cause admissions, only a small percentage were for opioid-related events, highlighting that vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) were far more prevalent.
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  • Although SCD patients showed a higher likelihood of opioid-related admissions compared to those without SCD, these events were still relatively uncommon, suggesting that the perception of elevated substance use risk may be overstated.
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Throughout the brief history of contemplative neuroscience, electroencephalography (EEG) has been a valuable and enduring methodology used to elucidate the neural correlates and mechanisms of mindfulness. In this review, we provide a reminder that longevity should not be conflated with obsoletion and that EEG continues to offer exceptional promise for addressing key questions and challenges that pervade the field today. Toward this end, we first outline the unique advantages of EEG from a research strategy and experimental design perspective, then highlight an array of new sophisticated data analytic approaches and translational paradigms.

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Sexual satisfaction is an important dimension of sexual health. Despite there being evidence about its relations with sexual arousal, this association has not been addressed considering arousal as a trait and as a state. Therefore, the goal of this laboratory study was to examine, in young women with different levels of sexual satisfaction in their relationships, sexual arousal as a trait (i.

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Article Synopsis
  • Spatial attention bias is the tendency to focus attention on one side of space, influenced by asymmetric dopamine signaling in the brain's striatum.
  • The study examined whether methylphenidate (MPH), a dopamine agonist, decreases this spatial bias by improving connectivity between frontal and striatal brain regions in 54 adults.
  • Results showed that MPH reduced attention bias by enhancing brain activity in the medial superior frontal gyrus and improving its connectivity with the caudate, helping participants orient towards the neglected side, regardless of their starting bias.
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Mapping gender role stress scales utilities: a scoping review approach.

Front Psychol

September 2024

Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Introduction: Gender role stress emerges as a concept to try to explain the health difficulties presented by men and women due to gender socialization. Thus, gender role stress arises when individuals feel stressed due to their perceived inability to fulfill the demands of their gender role, or when they believe that a particular situation necessitates behavior traditionally attributed to the opposite gender. To evaluate the presence of gender role stress in individuals, two scales were developed: the masculine gender role stress scale and the feminine gender role scale.

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Prison inmate samples present a high prevalence of impulsivity- and compulsivity-related behavioral problems. The Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task (PRLT) is a useful tool to assess decision-making, and we explore its associations with inmates' personality disorder (antisocial personality disorder, APD; obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, OCPD; or both) and history of drug abuse. Mixed-effects methods were used to model acquisition and reacquisition curves across PRLT, in a sample of 275 prison inmates diagnosed with OCPD, APD, or both.

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The predictive processing framework posits that one of the main functions of the brain is to anticipate the incoming information. Internal models facilitate interactions with the world by predicting future states against which actual evidence is compared. The difference between predicted and actual states, the prediction error (PE), signals novel information.

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Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth encounter unique challenges affecting their mental health, largely related to societal stigma and gender dysphoria. Limited research considers the specific needs of TGD youth. This study examined demographic and developmental factors, including the ages at which gender-related events occur, and their relationship to mental health among TGD youth seeking gender-affirming consultation and care (GACC).

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How the human brain reconstructs, step-by-step, the core elements of past experiences is still unclear. Here, we map the spatiotemporal trajectories along which visual object memories are reconstructed during associative recall. Specifically, we inquire whether retrieval reinstates feature representations in a copy-like but reversed direction with respect to the initial perceptual experience, or alternatively, this reconstruction involves format transformations and regions beyond initial perception.

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Late positive potential reveals sustained threat contingencies despite extinction in adolescents but not adults.

Psychol Med

September 2024

School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

Background: Major theories link threat learning processes to anxiety symptoms, which typically emerge during adolescence. While this developmental stage is marked by substantial maturation of the neural circuity involved in threat learning, research directly examining adolescence-specific patterns of neural responding during threat learning is scarce. This study compared adolescents and adults in acquisition and extinction of conditioned threat responses assessed at the cognitive, psychophysiological, and neural levels, focusing on the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component indexing emotional valence.

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