A Study of Clinicopathological Correlation of Periorbital Hyperpigmentation.

Context: "Dark circles" are esthetic concerns that can affect individuals of any age, gender, or race. They can be familial, physiological, or associated with various medical illnesses.

Aim: To study the clinicopathological correlation of periorbital hyperpigmentation.

An uncommon manifestation of a common disease.

Neurocysticercosis is the common parasitic disease of the central nervous system. One of the uncommon manifestations and a rare complication is its disseminated form. Human cysticercosis is caused by the spreading of the embryo of Taenia solium in the intestine via the hepatoportal system to different tissues and internal organs of the body.

Reversible central neural hyperexcitability: an electroencephalographic clue to hypocalcaemia.

A 23-year-old male patient presented with cognitive decline and seizures. Examination revealed Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs. Investigations revealed hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia and normal intact parathyroid hormone levels.

Concurrent evaluation of microscopic observation of drug susceptibility assay for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Methods for detection and drug susceptibility of tuberculosis (TB) with solid media are inexpensive but slow and laborious. Rapid methods to diagnose TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are a global priority for TB control.

Objectives: A study was performed to compare the sensitivity of detection of mycobacterial growth and time of culture positivity by microscopic observation of drug susceptibility (MODS) assay with that of Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and to evaluate the concordance of the susceptibilities to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) by MODS and proportion method on LJ.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Bupivacaine (0.5%) alone or with Clonidine (1μg/kg) Versus Control in a Single Level Paravertebral Blockin Patients Undergoing PCNL Procedure.

Introduction: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a widely used procedure to remove complex upper tract renal calculi by means of a nephroscope. Although less invasive, PCNL is associated with significant pain owing to soft tissue injury. Most of these patients have mild to moderately compromised renal function.

Gossypiboma: An Unusual Presentation as Perforation and Intraluminal Migration.

Gossypiboma is a mass formed around cotton material acting as foreign body in visceral cavity. In our study, we present a case of gossypiboma following open cholecystectomy. A surgical sponge left in the peritoneal cavity following cholecystectomy, caused inflammatory reaction, perforation and intraluminal migration.

A Case of Biliary Peritonitis following Spontaneous Common Bile Duct Perforation in a Child.

Unlabelled: Spontaneous common bile duct (CBD) perforation leading to biliary peritonitis is a rare entity in children. It is an unusual cause of acute abdomen and is potentially fatal. Preoperative diagnosis is rare.

Hypergiant hepatic hemangiomas: case series.

Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver. Hepatic hemangiomas originate from the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and enlarge by ectasia rather than hyperplasia. They are very variable in size and are classified accordingly and their management in the larger variety is debatable.

Psychiatry and law: past, present and future.

It is important that every citizen knows the law of the state. Psychiatry and law both deal with human behaviour. This paper attempts to highlight the interplay between these two by discussing about various legislations like The Family Courts Act 1984, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985, Juvenile Justice Act 1986, Consumer Protection Act 1986, Persons with Disability Act 1995, The Maintenance and Welfare of Senior Citizens Act 2007.

Prospective evaluation of maternal morbidity and mortality in post-cesarean section patients admitted to postanesthesia intensive care unit.

Background And Aims: Critical illness may complicate any pregnancy. Timely intensive care management of critically ill obstetric patients has better outcomes than expected from the initial severity of illness. The aim was to study the indications of transfer of post-cesarean section patients to post-anesthesia intensive care unit (PACU).

Low serum iron as a possible risk factor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, but fatal condition characterized by rigidity, fever, dysautonomia and altered consciousness along with elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase levels and leukocytosis. Treatment of NMS includes symptomatic and specific treatment with drugs like bromocriptine may be given. Risk factors for NMS include dehydration, parenteral antipsychotics and high potency antipsychotics.

Microalbuminuria: a biomarker of sepsis and efficacy of treatment in patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit of a tertiary referral center.

Background: The outcome of sepsis is significantly affected by early institution of goal-directed therapies and hence, the search for an early marker of sepsis continues.

Aims And Objectives: To observe microalbuminuria levels between patients with sepsis and those without sepsis s admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary referral centre (primary) as also to assess the change in microalbuminuria levels in the first 24 hours as a predictor of mortality and morbidity relative to the APACHE II and SOFA scores.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study where 125 patients with sepsis and 38 without were assessed.

Is trichoscopy a reliable tool to diagnose early female pattern hair loss?

Background: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) presents with visible patterns of hair loss, thus making a bedside diagnosis possible. However, there are cases of FPHL presenting without any visible hair thinning, making it necessary to subject them to a scalp biopsy to make a diagnosis.

Aim: The aim of the following study is to determine if trichoscopy can be used as a bedside tool to diagnose Early FPHL in women presenting without any visible thinning of hair, using >20% hair diameter diversity - anisotrichosis, as the diagnostic criteria.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a series of 12 cases.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a soft tissue sarcomas arising from interstitial cell of Cajal of the gastrointestinal tract. Since its description in 1983, its management has seen sea change - from surgery to drug therapy, for CD 117 positive patients. Though it has an indolent course compared to adenocarcinoma, over the decades it has surprised surgeons with its varied presentation.

Large retroperitoneal liposarcoma - a series of five cases.

Large retroperitoneal liposarcomas represent a unique situation and require a more aggressive surgical approach, including multiple resections for recurrences. We report a series of 5 cases of large retroperitoneal liposarcoma managed aggressively with surgical resection. All cases presented with lump and abdominal pain and diagnosis was established by Ultrasonography and CT scan.

Evaluation of effect of allopurinol and febuxostat in behavioral model of depression in mice.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of allopurinol and febuxostat on depression using Forced Swim Test (FST) in mice.

Materials And Methods: Allopurinol (39 mg/kg p. o) and febuxostat (15.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment: An analysis and its impact on caregiving.

Background: Neuropsychiatric impairments play a significant role throughout the course of cognitive decline. Many psychological and behavioral symptoms are present in patients of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) similar to that seen in individuals with dementia.

Aims And Objectives: To study the relevance of neuropsychiatric symptoms of MCI and the impact it has on caregivers of these patients.

Incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in a tertiary care hospital.

Background And Objectives: Rampant and injudicious use of broad spectrum antibiotics in hospitalized patients has increased the incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD). Though antibiotic use is the best known risk factor for CDAD, the occurrence of community acquired C. difficile suggests the presence of other risk factors too.

Inadvertent Provocative Oral Ondansetron use Leading to Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in an HIV-infected Patient.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction to drugs, characterized by extensive detachment of epidermis and mucous membranes with a mortality of 30-40%. An increased occurrence of cutaneous drug reactions is seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We present this case of TEN caused by ondansetron in an HIV-infected patient.