Olaparib as treatment for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer by BRCA mutation and homologous recombination deficiency: Phase 2 LIGHT study final overall survival analysis.

Background: LIGHT (oLaparib In HRD-Grouped Tumor types; NCT02983799) prospectively evaluated olaparib treatment in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) assigned to cohorts by known BRCA mutation (BRCAm) and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status: germline BRCAm (gBRCAm), somatic BRCAm (sBRCAm), HRD-positive non-BRCAm, and HRD-negative. At the primary analysis, olaparib treatment demonstrated activity across all cohorts, with greatest efficacy in terms of objective response rate and progression-free survival observed in the g/sBRCAm cohorts. The authors report final overall survival (OS).

Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Indonesian Version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

Background: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a widely used 13-item shoulder-specific patient-reported outcome measure for shoulder pain disorders. The English version of SPADI is easy to use and demonstrates excellent measurement properties for clinical and research settings.

Purpose: To translate and culturally adapt an Indonesian version of SPADI (SPADI-IDN) and then validate its use in Indonesian patients.

Interobserver and intraobserver variability among different vendors for mitral valve assessment: implications for transcatheter mitral valve repair.

Purpose: Pre-procedural imaging is critical for transcatheter mitral valve repair planning in patients with mitral valve disease. As differences among various measurement techniques for valve evaluation are still poorly understood, we sought to assess the intra- and interobserver agreement of complex measurements derived from a prototype mitral evaluation tool (Siemens) and a commercially available tool (CVI42) using both saddle- and D-shaped mitral annulus techniques.

Materials And Methods: Multiphasic cardiac computed tomography angiography data were loaded into each software.

The intermetacarpal distance method for assessment of active thumb radial abduction has excellent test-retest agreement, reliability, and precision in persons with non-operative thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.

Background: Limitations in thumb radial abduction (i.e., carpometacarpal extension) are commonly experienced by persons with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.

Software Discrepancies in Radionuclide-Derived Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.

Gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA), or multigated acquisition scanning, is a well-established technique to monitor left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients treated with potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy. To determine the results of a true change in LVEF, low inter- and intrareader variability is important. The aim of this study was to investigate inter- and intrareader variability in LVEF measurements using 2 different commercially available software packages with cardiac MR (CMR) as a reference standard.

Validity and Reliability of the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory in Turkish Patients with Neurological Disease.

Introduction: Dysphagia is a prevalent symptom of various neurological diseases and is associated with decreased quality of life. The M.D.

Assessment of tissue-air ratios in epoxy resin and PMMA phantoms for radiation dosimetry: findings from experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.

This study assesses radiation doses in multi-slice computed tomography (CT) using epoxy resin and PMMA phantoms, focusing on the relationship between TAR (tissue air ratio) and kilovoltage peak (kVp). The research was conducted using a Hitachi Supria 16-slice CT scanner. An epoxy resin phantom was fabricated from commercially available materials, to simulate human tissue.

A new harmony box supplemented with gonial angle and age based on a growing Swiss population.

Purpose: The scope of the present study was to create a new harmony box by adding two diagnostically and clinically important cephalometric variables, the gonial and interincisal angles, while also considering the effect of sex and age for a growing Swiss population.

Methods: A healthy sample with an overjet and overbite between 2 and 4 mm, and 1.5 and 4.

A novel hybrid deep learning framework based on biplanar X-ray radiography images for bone density prediction and classification.

Unlabelled: This study utilized deep learning for bone mineral density (BMD) prediction and classification using biplanar X-ray radiography (BPX) images from Huashan Hospital Medical Checkup Center. Results showed high accuracy and strong correlation with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) results. The proposed models offer potential for screening patients at a high risk of osteoporosis and reducing unnecessary radiation and costs.

Comparative Performance of the Leading Large Language Models in Answering Complex Rhinoplasty Consultation Questions.

Various large language models (LLMs) can provide human-level medical discussions, but they have not been compared regarding rhinoplasty knowledge. To compare the leading LLMs in answering complex rhinoplasty consultation questions as evaluated by plastic surgeons. Ten open-ended rhinoplasty consultation questions were presented to ChatGPT-4o, Google Gemini, Claude, and Meta-AI LLMs.

Center of mass acceleration during walking: comparison between IMU and camera-based motion capture methodologies.

Placing an inertial measurement unit (IMU) at the 5th lumbar vertebra (L5) is a frequently employed method to assess the whole-body center of mass (CoM) motion during walking. However, such a fixed position approach does not account for instantaneous changes in body segment positions that change the CoM. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the congruence between CoM accelerations obtained from these two methods.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Creatinine-Based Equations for eGFR Estimation in Pakistanis: Evaluation of the European Kidney Function Consortium Equation vs the CKD-EPI Pakistan Equation.

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is prevalent in Pakistan, necessitating accurate diagnostic methods. This study evaluates the CKD-EPI 2009, CKD-EPI 2021, CKD-EPI Pak, MDRD, and EKFC equations against creatinine clearance (CrCl) to determine their diagnostic accuracy for CKD in the Pakistani population.

Methods: n a retrospective cross-sectional study, data from 2,310 participants aged 18-70 were analyzed at The Aga Khan University in Karachi.

Ultrasound-assessed thigh fat thickness is valid for estimating body fat percentage in Division I collegiate female athletes.

Objectives: Monitoring body composition can help to optimize performance in female athletes. This study aimed to create a conversion equation between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured body fat percentage and ultrasound-measured subcutaneous thigh fat thickness in Division I female athletes as a more accessible, cost-effective alternative.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Conditional Generative Models for Synthetic Tabular Data: Applications for Precision Medicine and Diverse Representations.

Tabular medical datasets, like electronic health records (EHRs), biobanks, and structured clinical trial data, are rich sources of information with the potential to advance precision medicine and optimize patient care. However, real-world medical datasets have limited patient diversity and cannot simulate hypothetical outcomes, both of which are necessary for equitable and effective medical research. Fueled by recent advancements in machine learning, generative models offer a promising solution to these data limitations by generating enhanced synthetic data.

A deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to access fluoroalkyl arenes.

Fluoroalkyl arenes (Ar-R) are valuable substructures present in several FDA-approved drugs, patents, agrochemicals, and materials, and complementary strategies that enable access to a broad spectrum of Ar-R compounds benefit these applied fields. Herein, we report a deoxyfluoroalkylation-aromatization strategy to convert cyclohexanones into broad-spectrum Ar-R containing compounds. Generally, the fluoroalkyl sources were activated to participate in a 1,2-addition reaction followed by aromatization in a sequence that contrasts more common preparations of these Ar-R compounds, such as (i) transition-metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl electrophiles and nucleophiles, and (ii) radical fluoroalkylation reactions of C-H bonds of arenes.

Accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin measurement for detecting anaemia in infants: a cross-sectional study in a well-child care clinic, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Objective: Infants are at a high risk of developing anaemia, which can arise from various causes, including inappropriate feeding practices. However, few infants attend anaemia screening programmes due to poor cooperation and being time-consuming. This study evaluated the accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin (Hb) spot-check monitoring as part of anaemia screening in healthy infants, compared with the conventional laboratory method.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the knee outcome survey - activities of daily living scale in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Background: The Knee Outcome Survey - Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) developed to assess symptoms and functional limitations in patients with various knee disorders. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the KOS-ADLS to Danish and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Danish version (KOS-ADLS-DK) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Methods: The KOS-ADLS was translated and culturally adapted to Danish in accordance with recommended guidelines.

Investigating eating architecture and the impact of the precision of recorded eating time: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The precision of recorded eating times directly affects the estimation of eating architecture i.e. size, timing, and frequency of eating.

A Reproducible Method for Donor Site Computed Tomography Measurements in Abdominally Based Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

We present an approach for evaluating abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans that generates reproducible measures relevant to donor site morbidity after abdominally based breast reconstruction. Seventeen preoperative CT metrics were measured in 20 patients with software: interanterior superior iliac spine distance; abdominal wall protrusion; interrectus distance; rectus abdominis width, thickness, and width-to-thickness ratio; abdominal wall thickness; subcutaneous fat volume; visceral fat volume; right/left psoas volumes and densities; and right/left rectus abdominis volumes and densities. Two operators performed measures to determine interrater reliability (n = 10).

Deep Learning for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection and Severity Assessment: A Multimodal Signals Fusion Multiscale Transformer Model.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning (DL) model for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) detection and severity assessment and provide a new approach for convenient, economical, and accurate disease detection.

Methods: Considering medical reliability and acquisition simplicity, we used electrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SpO) signals to develop a multimodal signal fusion multiscale Transformer model for OSA detection and severity assessment. The proposed model comprises signal preprocessing, feature extraction, cross-modal interaction, and classification modules.

Agreement between methods to assess potassium intake in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background & Aims: In the general population, 24-hour urine potassium excretion is considered the reference standard for estimating potassium intake. However, its agreement with food records and spot urine collections in adults living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well-established. Given the risk of hyperkalemia related to changes in renal potassium handling, understanding if this reference standard is appropriate for the CKD population is important.

Accuracy of Rhythm Diagnostic Systems' MultiSense in Detection of Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Respiratory Rate During Hypoxia in Humans: Effects of Skin Color and Device Localization.

The continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation (SpO) and respiratory rates (RRs) are major clinical issues in many cardio-respiratory diseases and have been of tremendous importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The early detection of hypoxemia was crucial since it precedes significant complications, and SpO follow-up allowed early hospital discharge in patients needing oxygen therapy. Nevertheless, fingertip devices showed some practical limitations.

Assessing the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in People with Diabetes: Is a Specific NOVA Questionnaire Always Necessary?

Background/objectives: Despite the accumulating evidence on the detrimental impact of UPFs on health, a common limit of the available studies concerns the instruments used to collect information about the consumption of processed foods. Recently, a specific NOVA-FFQ was proposed for the evaluation of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, but it does not allow the simultaneous assessment of energy and nutrient intake. We evaluate the concordance between the NOVA-FFQ and a common questionnaire (EPIC-FFQ) when assessing (1) the intake of foods with different degrees of processing and (2) the relationship between diet composition and cardiometabolic profile.

Identifying Strong Neoantigen MHC-I/II Binding Candidates for Targeted Immunotherapy with SINE.

The discovery of tumor-derived neoantigens which elicit an immune response through major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I/II) binding has led to significant advancements in immunotherapy. While many neoantigens have been discovered through the identification of non-synonymous mutations, the rate of these is low in some cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, the identification of neoantigens through additional means, such as aberrant splicing, is necessary.