Translational neuroscience in pediatric bipolar disorder.

While controversial and often confounded with other forms of psychopathology, recent studies have shown that bipolar disorder (BD) is on the rise in children and adolescents. Research has made important strides in advancing our understanding of the phenomenology, neural underpinnings and treatment outcomes for BD youths. However, there is an increasing need to unite these domains to identify potential neural effects and predictors of treatment outcome.

Health care utilization of refugee children after resettlement.

Refugee children can have significant health problems. Our objective was to describe health status and health care utilization of refugee children after resettlement. A retrospective chart review of refugee children was performed.

Chymase inhibition reduces infarction and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and attenuates inflammation and fibrosis after acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.

Chymase is activated after acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (AMI-R) and is associated with an early activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which increases infarct size after experimental AMI, and late fibrosis. We assessed the effect of chymase inhibition on myocardial protection and early signs of fibrosis after AMI-R. Fourteen pigs underwent AMI-R and received intravenously either vehicle (V; n = 7) or chymase inhibitor (CM; n = 7).

Feasibility and impact of telemonitor-based depression care management for geriatric homecare patients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical outcomes of a method to leverage existing home healthcare telemonitoring technology to deliver depression care management (DCM) to both Spanish- and English-speaking elderly homebound recipients of homecare services.

Materials And Methods: Three stand-alone, nonprofit community homecare agencies located in New York, Vermont, and Miami participated in this study. Evidence-based DCM was adapted to the telemonitor platform by programming questions and educational information on depression symptoms, antidepressant adherence, and side effects.

Regulators of G-protein signaling in the heart and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Signal transduction through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is central for the regulation of virtually all cellular functions and has been widely implicated in human disease. Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS proteins) belong to a diverse protein family that was originally discovered for their ability to accelerate signal termination in response to GPCR stimulation, thereby reducing the amplitude and duration of GPCR effects. All RGS proteins share a common RGS domain that interacts with G protein α subunits and mediates their biological regulation of GPCR signaling.

Psychological distress and trends in healthcare expenditures and outpatient healthcare.

Objectives: To determine whether trends in psychological distress exist in the United States and whether trends in healthcare expenditures and outpatient visits were associated with psychological distress.

Study Design: Sequential cross-sectional study of nationally representative data.

Methods: We examined data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1997 to 2004 linked to 2 years of subsequent Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data.

Expression of S100A4 in renal epithelial neoplasms.

Expression of S100A4 has been associated with progression and poor clinical outcome in a variety of malignancies including those of the breast, pancreas, bladder, and thyroid. To date, the expression of S100A4 protein in renal epithelial neoplasms is poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the expression of S100A4 protein and mRNA in the nontumoral kidney and renal epithelial neoplasms of different types and correlated its expression with patient outcome.

Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in renal cell neoplasms: an immunohistochemical and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction study.

Glucocorticoid receptors mediate the action of steroid hormones in a variety of tissues, including the kidney. Our goal was to determine the expression pattern and prognostic significance of glucocorticoid receptor in renal cell neoplasms. Paraffin-embedded microarrays from 200 patients with RCNs including 147 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 23 papillary, 16 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and 14 oncocytomas were analyzed for glucocorticoid receptor expression by immunohistochemistry.

Impact of smoking on maternal serum markers and prenatal screening in the first and second trimesters.

Objectives: To examine the effects of smoking on first and second trimester screening markers and to determine the overall impact of these effects on Down syndrome and trisomy 18 risks in first trimester combined, second trimester quadruple and integrated tests.

Methods: Examination of screening records at Women and Infants Hospital during 2006-2008. First trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and nuchal translucency and second trimester alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), hCG and inhibin A (inhA) multiple of the median (MoM) values were extracted from the database along with risk results, smoking status and relevant demographic information.

Thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies in early pregnancy and placental abruption.

Objective: To estimate the relationship between thyroid antibodies and placental abruption.

Methods: This cohort study assesses thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies in relation to placental abruption among 10,062 women with singleton viable pregnancies (from the First and Second Trimester Risk of Aneuploidy [FaSTER] trial). A thyroperoxidase antibody cutoff of 50 international units/mL is used for comparison with published data from another cohort.

Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Case Examples.

Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) have distressing or impairing preoccupations with imagined or slight defects in their appearance (e.g., nose too big).

The meaning of food and eating among home parenteral nutrition-dependent adults with intestinal failure: a qualitative inquiry.

Using content and interpretative phenomenological analysis, we explored the meaning of food and eating from the perspective of adults receiving home parenteral nutrition (PN). The aim of this research was to obtain a deeper understanding of how issues related to food and eating influence quality of life (QOL). Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted between May 2006 and January 2007 with 24 adults with intestinal failure and home PN dependency.

Review of health behaviors and their correlates among young adult cancer survivors.

It is imperative that young adult cancer survivors address any modifiable risk factors, given their increased health risks. Unfortunately, few behavioral interventions have been developed for this population. The literature on physical activity, smoking, and alcohol and drug use among young adult cancer survivors was reviewed in order to identify the behaviors most in need of intervention, the most vulnerable subsets of the population, and the health behavior theories that might guide intervention development.

Thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies in early pregnancy and preterm delivery.

Objective: To further evaluate the relationship between thyroid antibodies and preterm births.

Methods: This is a prospective study of pregnancy outcome and demographic data combined with retrospective measurement of thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Sera were obtained at 11-13 and 15-18 weeks of gestation from 10,062 women with singleton viable pregnancies (a subset from the First- and Second-Trimester Risk of Aneuploidy [FaSTER] trial).

IGF-I activation of the AKT pathway is impaired in visceral but not subcutaneous preadipocytes from obese subjects.

Obesity morbidity is associated with excess visceral adiposity, whereas sc adipose tissue is much less metabolically hazardous. Human abdominal sc preadipocytes have greater capacity for proliferation, differentiation, and survival than omental preadipocytes. IGF-I is a critical mediator of preadipocyte proliferation, differentiation, and survival through multiple signaling pathways.

Minor serous and clear cell components adversely affect prognosis in ''mixed-type'' endometrial carcinomas: a clinicopathologic study of 36 stage-I cases.

Most endometrial carcinomas contain only 1 Müllerian cell type although the presence of 2 or more cell types within 1 tumor, for example a predominantly low-grade endometrioid carcinoma with a minor component (arbitrarily defined as 30% or less) of high-grade serous and/or clear cell carcinoma, is not uncommon. The current study attempts to evaluate whether the presence of minor serous or clear cell components exerts an adverse effect on the prognosis in stage-I endometrial carcinomas of ''mixed-type.'' The study cases include 22 cases of stage-I endometrioid carcinoma with a minor component of serous carcinoma and 14 cases of endometrioid carcinoma with a minor component of clear cell carcinoma.

Assessing the severity of hazardous drinking and related consequences among incarcerated women.

Background: Recent epidemiological efforts have demonstrated the utility of measuring individual differences in the severity of alcohol use along a single severity continuum marked by alcohol-related problems, symptoms of alcohol dependence, and the social consequences of drinking. Translation of this utility to specialized clinical populations is not assured. The expected inter-relationships among problems, symptoms and consequences, and enhanced sensitivity of combined assessments require confirmation in applied clinical settings.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functional impairment among OEF and OIF National Guard and Reserve veterans.

The aims of the present investigation were (a) to examine associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; diagnosis and symptoms) and different aspects of functioning, severity, and subjective distress among Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom National Guard and Reserve veterans, and (b) to examine the unique contribution of PTSD symptom clusters to different aspects of functioning and distress. Participants were 124 veterans who had returned from war-zone deployment. A PTSD diagnosis and PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with nearly all of the psychosocial functioning and distress measures, controlling for Axis I disorders and other covariates.

Physical activity interventions and changes in perceived home and facility environments.

Objective: To examine changes in environmental perceptions over time and associations between changes in perceptions and physical activity among participants in two physical activity interventions.

Methods: Two independent trials were examined. Project STRIDE (STRIDE) (N=239) was conducted from 2000 to 2004 in Rhode Island.

Need for health behavior interventions for young adult cancer survivors.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between modifiable health risks (eg, unhealthy diet) and interest in interventions in a sample of young adult cancer survivors (YACS).

Methods: Sixty YACS, aged 18 to 40, completed surveys.

Results: Few met recommendations for diet, exercise, or weight (ie, body mass index, BMI).

Eosinophilic colitis.

Eosinophilic colitis (EC) is a rare form of primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease with a bimodal peak of prevalence in neonates and young adults. EC remains a little understood condition in contrast to the increasingly recognized eosinophilic esophagitis. Clinical presentation of EC is highly variable according to mucosal, transmural, or serosal predominance of inflammation.

Top manager effects on buprenorphine adoption in outpatient substance abuse treatment programs.

To examine the influence of top managers' characteristics on the adoption of buprenorphine for opioid dependence among U.S. outpatient substance abuse treatment units, this investigation analyzed a cross-sectional national study of 547 such units in the 2004-2005 wave of the Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey.

Examining the interface between substance misuse and intimate partner violence.

There is considerable theoretical and empirical support for a link between substance misuse and perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence. This review briefly summarizes this literature and highlights current research that addresses the interface between treatment for substance abuse and intimate partner violence. Suggestions for future research and clinical implications are provided.

Collaborative Behavioral Management for Drug-Involved Parolees: Rationale and Design of the Step'n Out Study.

This article describes the rationale, study design, and implementation for the Step'n Out study of the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies. Step'n Out tests the relative effectiveness of collaborative behavioral management of drug-involved parolees. Collaborative behavioral management integrates the roles of parole officers and treatment counselors to provide role induction counseling, contract for pro-social behavior, and deliver contingent reinforcement of behaviors consistent with treatment objectives.