The Population-level Effect of Adjuvant Therapies on Breast Cancer Recurrence: Application of the Trend-in-Trend Design.

Purpose: Breast cancer has an average 10-year relative survival reaching 84%. This favorable survival is due, in part, to the introduction of biomarker-guided therapies. We estimated the population-level effect of the introduction of two adjuvant therapies-tamoxifen and trastuzumab-on recurrence using the trend-in-trend pharmacoepidemiologic study design.

Real-World Use of Semaglutide for Weight Management: Patient Characteristics and Dose Titration-A Danish Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine patient characteristics and dose titration patterns of real-world semaglutide (Wegovy) users.

Research Design And Methods: We used a population-based cohort study including Danish adults who filled semaglutide prescriptions from 12 December 2022 to 31 December 2023. Outcomes were patient characteristics, prescriber type, and dose titration patterns.

Platelet response to romiplostim amongst patients with newly diagnosed, persistent, and chronic immune thrombocytopenia in routine clinical practice in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

Patient characteristics and platelet responses at romiplostim initiation according to the duration of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are poorly understood. Amongst romiplostim-exposed adults with ITP lasting ≥6 months during 2009-2018 in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, we examined characteristics at romiplostim initiation, romiplostim dosage, and durable platelet response (≥75% of measurements ≥50 × 10/L at 14-24 weeks) for subcohorts with newly diagnosed (duration <3 months), persistent (3-12 months), or chronic (>12 months) ITP initiating romiplostim. The 285 romiplostim initiators comprised 81 (28%) with newly diagnosed, 47 (16%) with persistent, and 157 (55%) with chronic ITP.

Investigating current clinical opinions in stereoelectroencephalography-informed epilepsy surgery.

Objective: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is increasingly utilized worldwide in epilepsy surgery planning. International guidelines for SEEG terminology and interpretation are yet to be proposed. There are worldwide differences in SEEG definitions, application of features in epilepsy surgery planning, and interpretation of surgical outcomes.

Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes After Prenatal Exposure to Golimumab in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden 2006-2019.

Purpose: To present the main findings of a post-authorization safety study assessing pregnancy and infant outcomes after prenatal golimumab exposure in a real-world setting.

Methods: This observational population-based cohort study included data from pregnancies ending in 2006-2018 (Finland) or 2019 (Denmark, Sweden). Infants born to women with rheumatic diseases or ulcerative colitis diagnoses were identified.

Prediction of Early Adverse Events After THA: A Comparison of Different Machine-Learning Strategies Based on 262,356 Observations From the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) Dataset.

Objective: Preoperative risk prediction models can support shared decision-making before total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Here, we compare different machine-learning (ML) approaches to predict the six-month risk of adverse events following primary THA to obtain accurate yet simple-to-use risk prediction models.

Methods: We extracted data on primary THAs (N = 262,356) between 2010 and 2018 from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association dataset.

Plant Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Lower Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Individuals with a Low Intake of Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids derived from seafood acids may influence cardiac arrhythmogenesis, whereas the role of the major plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), on atrial fibrillation (AF) is largely unknown.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between ALA intake and risk of incident AF overall and in subjects with a low intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids.

Methods: We followed a total of 54,260 middle-aged men and women enrolled into the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort for development of AF using nationwide registries.

Projecting the clinical burden of chronic kidney disease at the patient level (): a microsimulation modelling study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global concern that presents significant challenges for disease management. Several factors drive CKD prevalence, including primary risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and an ageing population. is an international initiative that aims to raise awareness of the substantial burden incurred by CKD.

Stillbirth risk by fetal size among 126.5 million births in 15 countries from 2000 to 2020: A fetuses-at-risk approach.

Objective: To compare stillbirth rates and risks for small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies at 24-44 completed weeks of gestation using a birth-based and fetuses-at-risk approachs.

Design: Population-based, multi-country study.

Setting: National data systems in 15 high- and middle-income countries.

Potential of the Danish Comorbidity Index for Acute Myocardial Infarction to discriminate mortality in patients with infective endocarditis.

Introduction: Current risk score models for predicting mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) include data often unavailable in registries, limiting their use for confounding adjustment in population-based research.

Methods: This study assessed the Danish Comorbidity Index for Acute Myocardial Infarction (DANCAMI) for its ability to predict 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality in IE patients, compared to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). The study included all adult Danish patients with first-time IE from 1995 to 2021.

Frozen Shoulder and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Danish Registry-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Frozen shoulder may be an early preclinical symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: To examine PD risk after frozen shoulder diagnosis and to evaluate this disorder as a possible manifestation of parkinsonism preceding the clinical recognition of PD and possible target for screening.

Methods: Danish population-based medical registries were used to identify patients aged ≥40 years with a first-time frozen shoulder diagnosis (1995-2016).

Direct factor Xa inhibitors and the risk of cancer and cancer mortality: A Danish population-based cohort study.

Background: Preclinical animal studies have suggested that myeloid cell-synthesized coagulation factor X dampens antitumor immunity and that rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, can be used to promote tumor immunity. This study was aimed at assessing whether patients with atrial fibrillation taking direct factor Xa inhibitors have lower risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality than patients taking the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran.

Methods And Findings: This nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark included adult patients with atrial fibrillation and without a history of cancer, who started taking a factor Xa inhibitor or dabigatran between 2011 and 2015.

Mediating pathways between neighborhood disadvantage and cardiovascular risk: Quasi-experimental evidence from a Danish refugee dispersal policy.

Research has documented that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear which mechanistic pathways mediate this association across the life course. Leveraging a natural experiment in which refugees to Denmark were quasi-randomly assigned to neighborhoods across the country during 1986-1998 and using 30 years of follow-up data from population and health registers, we assessed whether and how individual-level poverty, unstable employment, and poor mental health mediate the relation between neighborhood disadvantage and the risk of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes among Danish refugees (N= 40,811). Linear probability models using the discrete time-survival framework showed that neighborhood disadvantage was associated with increased risk of hypertension (0.

Urticaria and the risk of cancer: a Danish population-based cohort study.

Background: Urticaria has been tentatively linked to cancer, but epidemiological evidence supporting this link is sparse and conflicting. We conducted a population-based cohort study using healthcare databases covering the Danish population (January 1980-December 2022). We followed 87 507 people for a median of 10.

COVID-19 Vaccination Before Initiating Rituximab Treatment Induces Strong Serological Response in Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease, Reducing Post-Pandemic Concerns About the Impact of Rituximab.

Objective: Rituximab (RTX)-treated patients exhibit suboptimal responses to COVID-19 vaccines. However, existing research primarily involves patients already receiving RTX when vaccines were introduced, failing to account for the current landscape where patients are vaccinated before initiating RTX. Our objective was to compare the serological response to COVID-19 vaccines in patients vaccinated before or after RTX initiation.

Social Characteristics and Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer.

PURPOSESocial characteristics, including cohabitation/marital status and socioeconomic position (SEP)-education level, employment status, and income-influence breast cancer prognosis. We investigated the impact of these social characteristics on adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) from treatment initiation to 5 years after diagnosis.METHODSWe assembled a nationwide, population-based cohort of premenopausal women diagnosed in Denmark with stage I-III, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer during 2002-2011.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and fecundability: a prospective cohort study.

Study Question: Is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) associated with reduced fecundability, defined as the probability of conceiving per menstrual cycle?

Summary Answer: Overall, we observed no meaningful association between CIN and fecundability, regardless of surgical status, although a recent diagnosis of moderate or severe CIN might be associated with slightly reduced fecundability for 2 years after diagnosis.

What Is Known Already: About 15% of couples experience infertility. Few studies have examined the influence of CIN on fertility, and the results have been inconsistent.

Patients suffering traumatic brain injury: patient characteristics, prehospital triage, primary referral and mortality - A population-based follow-up study.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a potential high-risk condition, but appropriate care pathways, including prehospital triage and primary referral to a specialised neurosurgical centre, can improve neurological outcome and survival. The care pathway starts with layman triage, wherein the patient or bystander decides whether to contact a general practitioner (GP) or emergency services (1-1-2 call) as an entryway into the health care system. The GP or 112-health care professional then decides on the level of urgency and dispatches emergency medical services (EMS) when needed.

Risk of mortality and recurrence after first-time stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes: A Danish nationwide cohort study.

Introduction: The prognosis for stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains poorly understood. We examined the risk of mortality and stroke recurrence in stroke patients with T2DM and stroke patients without diabetes.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study including all patients diagnosed with a first-time ischemic stroke ( = 131,594) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH,  = 15,492) in Denmark, 2005-2021.

Ten things to remember about propensity scores.

Propensity score methods are popular to control for confounding in observational biomedical studies of risk factors or medical treatments. This paper focused on aspects of propensity score methods that often remain undiscussed, including unmeasured confounding, missing data, variable selection, statistical efficiency, estimands, the positivity assumption, and predictive performance of the propensity score model.

Quantifying the relative importance of genetics and environment on the comorbidity between mental and cardiometabolic disorders using 17 million Scandinavians.

Mental disorders are leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide, partly due to high comorbidity with cardiometabolic disorders. Reasons for this comorbidity are still poorly understood. We leverage nation-wide health records and near-complete genealogies of Denmark and Sweden (n = 17 million) to reveal the genetic and environmental contributions underlying the observed comorbidity between six mental disorders and 15 cardiometabolic disorders.

European survey on Paediatric Early Warning Systems, and other processes used to aid the recognition and response to children's deterioration on hospital wards.

Background: Internationally, there is an increasing trend in using Rapid Response Systems (RRS) to stabilize in-patient deterioration. Despite a growing evidence base, there remains limited understanding of the processes in place to aid the early recognition and response to deteriorating children in hospitals across Europe.

Aim: To describe the processes in place for early recognition and response to in-patient deterioration in children in European hospitals.