Carcinosarcoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: Review of the national cancer database.

Background: Carcinosarcomas are rare, aggressive malignancies that can arise in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. There are limited outcome data available. Accordingly, we sought to use the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to characterize patient demographics and outcomes.

Gender analysis of the top classic papers in otolaryngology head and neck surgery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the gender breakdown of first authorship contributing to the most-cited papers in the field of otolaryngology, with a goal of identifying trends in gender representation in publishing.

Methods: The top 150 most-cited papers were identified using the Science Citation Index of the Institute for Scientific Information. Among the first authors, gender, -index, percentage of first, last, and corresponding authorship positions, total publications, and citations were analyzed.

Local fat content determines global and local stiffness in livers with simple steatosis.

Fat accumulation during liver steatosis precedes inflammation and fibrosis in fatty liver diseases, and is associated with disease progression. Despite a large body of evidence that liver mechanics play a major role in liver disease progression, the effect of fat accumulation by itself on liver mechanics remains unclear. Thus, we conducted ex vivo studies of liver mechanics in rodent models of simple steatosis to isolate and examine the mechanical effects of intrahepatic fat accumulation, and found that fat accumulation softens the liver.

Mechanisms by Which Liposomes Improve Inhaled Drug Delivery for Alveolar Diseases.

Diseases of the pulmonary alveolus, such as pulmonary fibrosis, are leading causes of morbidity and mortality, but exceedingly few drugs are developed for them. A major reason for this gap is that after inhalation, drugs are quickly whisked away from alveoli due to their high perfusion. To solve this problem, the mechanisms by which nano-scale drug carriers dramatically improve lung pharmacokinetics using an inhalable liposome formulation containing nintedanib, an antifibrotic for pulmonary fibrosis, are studied.

Testosterone Treatment of Men with Unequivocal Hypogonadism Following Treatment of Organ-Confined Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To determine if testosterone treatment of men with unequivocal hypogonadism and organ-confined prostate cancer is associated with recurrence of the cancer. The testosterone dependence of metastatic prostate cancer has made physicians reluctant to treat hypogonadal men with testosterone even after treatment of prostate cancer. Prior studies of testosterone treatment of men with treated prostate cancer have not documented that the men were unequivocally hypogonadal.

Contemporary Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in the US: The Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry.

Importance: Clinical guidelines for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) strongly recommend treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) to reduce cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization. Nationwide adoption of SGLT2i for HFrEF in the US is unknown.

Objective: To characterize patterns of SGLT2i use among eligible US patients hospitalized for HFrEF.

Overuse of corticosteroids in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) between 2011 and 2017 in the United States.

Corticosteroids (CSs) are standard first-line therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Prolonged exposure is associated with substantial toxicity; thus guidelines recommend avoidance of prolonged CS treatment and early use of second-line therapies. However, real-world evidence on ITP treatment patterns remains limited.

Convolutional neural network-based single-shot speckle tracking for x-ray phase-contrast imaging.

X-ray phase-contrast imaging offers enhanced sensitivity for weakly-attenuating materials, such as breast and brain tissue, but has yet to be widely implemented clinically due to high coherence requirements and expensive x-ray optics. Speckle-based phase contrast imaging has been proposed as an affordable and simple alternative; however, obtaining high-quality phase-contrast images requires accurate tracking of sample-induced speckle pattern modulations. This study introduced a convolutional neural network to accurately retrieve sub-pixel displacement fields from pairs of reference (i.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cardiac Surveillance Evaluation of Patients Treated With Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy.

Background Anthracyclines remain a key treatment for many malignancies but can increase the risk of heart failure or cardiomyopathy. Specific guidelines recommend echocardiography and serum cardiac biomarkers such as BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) or NT-proBNP (N-terminal proBNP) evaluation before and 6 to 12 months after treatment. Our objective was to evaluate associations between racial and ethnic groups in cardiac surveillance of survivors of cancer after exposure to anthracyclines.

Association of Home Monitoring and Unanticipated Interstage Readmissions in Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Background The impact of home monitoring on unanticipated interstage readmissions in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome has not been previously studied. We sought to examine the association of our institution's Infant Single Ventricle Management and Monitoring Program (ISVMP) with readmission frequency, cumulative readmission days, and readmission illness severity and to identify patient-level risk factors for readmission. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study comparing infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome enrolled in ISVMP (December 2010-December 2019) to historical controls (January 2007-November 2010).

State and Federal Legislators' Responses on Social Media to the Mental Health and Burnout of Health Care Workers Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: Natural Language Processing and Sentiment Analysis.

Background: Burnout and the mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately impacted health care workers. The links between state policies, federal regulations, COVID-19 case counts, strains on health care systems, and the mental health of health care workers continue to evolve. The language used by state and federal legislators in public-facing venues such as social media is important, as it impacts public opinion and behavior, and it also reflects current policy-leader opinions and planned legislation.

Such a fun-guy! Is this or ?

Histoplasmosis is a neglected mycosis with high mortality in immunocompromised individuals. The diagnosis can be delayed due to nonspecific clinical manifestations and similar morphology with other organisms. A high index of suspicion is required.

Computational Design of Peptides for Biomaterials Applications.

Computer-aided molecular design and protein engineering emerge as promising and active subjects in bioengineering and biotechnological applications. On one hand, due to the advancing computing power in the past decade, modeling toolkits and force fields have been put to use for accurate multiscale modeling of biomolecules including lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acids. On the other hand, machine learning emerges as a revolutionary data analysis tool that promises to leverage physicochemical properties and structural information obtained from modeling in order to build quantitative protein structure-function relationships.

A systematic review of measures of gender and biological sex: Exploring candidates for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) research.

Background: Gender and biological sex are social and structural determinants of health and umbrella concepts encompassing many distinct attributes. This systematic review summarizes measures of gender and biological sex published in the biomedical literature. The goal was to identify measures that may be useful to researchers studying Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (AD/ADRD).

Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Inequities in Access to Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion.

Background Inequitable access to high-technology therapeutics may perpetuate inequities in care. We examined the characteristics of US hospitals that did and did not establish left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) programs, the patient populations those hospitals served, and the associations between zip code-level racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic composition and rates of LAAO among Medicare beneficiaries living within large metropolitan areas with LAAO programs. Methods and Results We conducted cross-sectional analyses of Medicare fee-for-service claims for beneficiaries aged 66 years or older between 2016 and 2019.

Krüppel-Like Factors Orchestrate Endothelial Gene Expression Through Redundant and Non-Redundant Enhancer Networks.

Background Proper function of endothelial cells is critical for vascular integrity and organismal survival. Studies over the past 2 decades have identified 2 members of the KLF (Krüppel-like factor) family of proteins, KLF2 and KLF4, as nodal regulators of endothelial function. Strikingly, inducible postnatal deletion of both KLF2 and KLF4 resulted in widespread vascular leak, coagulopathy, and rapid death.