Application of the revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease: Drug development and clinical practice.

Unlabelled: The newly proposed revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the Alzheimer's Association (AA) Workgroup represent a significant milestone in the field. These criteria offer objective measures for diagnosing and staging biological AD, bridging the gap between research and clinical care. Although implementation feasibility may vary across regions and settings, improving the availability and accuracy of biomarkers, especially plasma biomarkers, is expected to enhance the applicability of these criteria in clinical practice.

Feasibility, validity, and normative data for the remote Uniform Data Set neuropsychological battery at the University of Pennsylvania Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.

Introduction: We investigated the feasibility and validity of the remotely-administered neuropsychological battery from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (UDS T-Cog).

Methods: Two hundred twenty Penn Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants with unimpaired cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia completed the T-Cog during their annual UDS evaluation. We assessed administration feasibility and diagnostic group differences cross-sectionally across telephone versus videoconference modalities, and compared T-Cog to prior in-person UDS scores longitudinally.

The Group-basEd Telehealth behavioral WEight Loss Program Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Pilot and Feasibility Study.

Objective: Obesity is related to the recurrence of breast cancer. In-person groups or individual telephone counseling currently comprise the behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs tested for cancer survivors. Group support via telehealth may be convenient and provide support from fellow survivors, but feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy testing are needed.

Bleeding risk from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: Analysis of the TriNetX database.

Objectives: Postoperative pain medications and aspirin before undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) are managed carefully due to concern for bleeding. Little is known regarding the increase in the risk of bleeding for patients unable to stop aspirin as trials are limited in this area. We compared outcomes for patients undergoing FESS who were managed postoperatively with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus opioids.

International multi-cohort analysis identifies novel framework for quantifying immune dysregulation in critical illness: results of the SUBSPACE consortium.

Progress in the management of critical care syndromes such as sepsis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and trauma has slowed over the last two decades, limited by the inherent heterogeneity within syndromic illnesses. Numerous immune endotypes have been proposed in sepsis and critical care, however the overlap of the endotypes is unclear, limiting clinical translation. The SUBSPACE consortium is an international consortium that aims to advance precision medicine through the sharing of transcriptomic data.

Comorbidity profiles and pulmonary embolism risk assessment: Leveraging the Charlson Comorbidity Index for improved prognostication in a national data set.

Current risk assessment of pulmonary embolism (PE) stratifies patients based on hemodynamic stability, clinical parameters of severity, right ventricular dysfunction and cardiac injury but fails to integrate a wide variety of comorbid conditions. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts mortality based on patients' diseases and provides a system to quantify disease burden. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016-2018) was used to identify patients with PE and calculate CCI score groups of 0, 1-2, 3-5, and ≥6 and stratify them by outcome.

Substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of 3β-hydroxy-Δ-C-steroid oxidoreductase.

Cholesterol is a key sterol whose homeostasis is primarily maintained through bile acid metabolism. Proper bile acid formation is vital for nutrient and fat-soluble vitamin absorption and emulsification of lipids. Synthesis of bile acids occurs through two main pathways, both of which rely on 3β-hydroxy-Δ-C-steroid oxidoreductase (HSD3B7) to begin epimerization of the 3β hydroxyl of cholesterol into its active 3α conformation.

Amino acid competition shapes gut carriage.

Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent threat to human health. Asymptomatic colonization is often critical for persistence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Gut colonization by the antimicrobial-resistant priority pathogen is associated with increased risk of clinical infection.

Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania.

Objectives: Yellow fever (YF) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa and South America. This study aimed to detect YF in human and mosquito samples to understand transmission dynamics in the Tanzania-Uganda and Tanzania-Kenya cross-border areas.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from individuals aged ≥9 months for serological testing.

The American Society for Microbiology collaboration with the CDC Laboratory Medicine Best Practices initiative for evidence-based laboratory medicine.

SUMMARYClinical medicine has embraced the use of evidence for patient treatment decisions; however, the evaluation strategy for evidence in laboratory medicine practices has lagged. It was not until the end of the 20th century that the Institute of Medicine (IOM), now the National Academy of Medicine, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Systems (CDC DLS), focused on laboratory tests and how testing processes can be designed to benefit patient care. In collaboration with CDC DLS, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) used an evidence review method developed by the CDC DLS to develop a program for creating laboratory testing guidelines and practices.

Development of a multisensor biologging collar and analytical techniques to describe high-resolution spatial behavior in free-ranging terrestrial mammals.

Biologging has proven to be a powerful approach to investigate diverse questions related to movement ecology across a range of spatiotemporal scales and increasingly relies on multidisciplinary expertise. However, the variety of animal-borne equipment, coupled with little consensus regarding analytical approaches to interpret large, complex data sets presents challenges and makes comparison between studies and study species difficult. Here, we present a combined hardware and analytical approach for standardizing the collection, analysis, and interpretation of multisensor biologging data.

Speech markers of depression dimensions across cognitive status.

Introduction: Depression and its components significantly impact dementia prediction and severity, necessitating reliable objective measures for quantification.

Methods: We investigated associations between emotion-based speech measures (valence, arousal, and dominance) during picture descriptions and depression dimensions derived from the geriatric depression scale (GDS, dysphoria, withdrawal-apathy-vigor (WAV), anxiety, hopelessness, and subjective memory complaint).

Results: Higher WAV was associated with more negative valence (estimate = -0.

Creating a digital approach for promoting physical activity in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A framework for future interventions.

Children with pulmonary hypertension (PH) often demonstrate limited exercise capacity. Data support exercise as an effective nonpharmacologic intervention among adults with PH. However, data on exercise training in children and adolescents are limited, and characteristics of the optimal exercise program in pediatric PH have not been identified.

Long-Term POTS Outcomes Survey: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Limited data exist on long-term outcomes in individuals with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). We designed an electronic questionnaire assessing various aspects of outcomes among patients diagnosed and treated in a single-center pediatric POTS clinical program.

Methods And Results: The LT-POTS (Long Term POTS Outcomes Survey) included questions about quality of life, symptoms, therapies, education, employment, and social impact of disease.

Anti-cancer bioactivity of sweet basil leaf derived extracellular vesicles on pancreatic cancer cells.

Most living organisms secrete tiny lipid bilayer particles encapsulating various biomolecular entities, including nucleic acids and proteins. These secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shown to aid in communication between cells and their environment. EVs are mainly involved in the signalling and manipulation of physiological processes.

Sex, gender, sexual orientation, and more: Sexual diversity in Alzheimer's research needs a new lens to achieve inclusive research and generalizable results.

Unlabelled: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) efforts in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) research are guiding the adoption of two-step self-report questions that capture research participants' identity based on categories of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The intent is to facilitate inclusion and representation of sexual and gender minoritized (SGM) communities in ADRD research. The data from using these questions are on a collision course with another National Institute of Aging initiative, which is aimed at understanding sex differences in ADRD mechanisms.

Enabling non-viral DNA delivery using lipid nanoparticles co-loaded with endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have transformed genetic medicine, recently shown by their use in COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. While loading LNPs with mRNA has many uses, loading DNA would provide additional advantages such as long-term expression and availability of promoter sequences. However, here we show that plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery via LNPs (pDNA-LNPs) induces acute inflammation in naïve mice which we find is primarily driven by the cGAS-STING pathway.

What Are the Reliable Plasma Biomarkers for Mild Cognitive Impairment? A Clinical 4D Proteomics Study and Validation.

Objective: At present, Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks effective treatment means, and early diagnosis and intervention are the keys to treatment. Therefore, for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients, blood sample analysis using the 4D nonstandard (label-free) proteomic in-depth quantitative analysis, looking for specific protein marker expression differences, is important. These marker levels change as AD progresses, and the analysis of these biomarkers changes with this method, which has the potential to show the degree of disease progression and can be used for the diagnosis and preventive treatment of MCI and AD.

Feasibility of adolescent contraceptive care in the pediatric emergency department: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study assessed feasibility constructs of adolescent contraceptive care in the pediatric emergency department (PED), including contraception initiation.

Methods: We conducted a randomized trial in two PEDs with pregnancy-capable adolescents aged 15-18 years who were assigned to enhanced usual care (usual) or same-day initiation (same day). All received counseling and clinic referral, but same-day participants could also receive contraception in the PED.