The effect of vecuronium is enhanced by a large rather than a modest dose of gentamicin as compared with no preoperative gentamicin.

Unlabelled: We compared the effect of two doses of gentamicin versus no gentamicin (NG) given before surgery on the neuromuscular relaxant effect of vecuronium. Seventy patients (intraabdominal procedures) were randomly allocated to receive preoperative large-dose (4 mg/kg) gentamicin (LD), a modest dose (1.2 mg/kg) of gentamicin (MD), or NG.

Freezing of gait in multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a mysterious symptom, observed in different parkinsonian syndromes, but considered to be rare in multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Objective: To assess the frequency of FOG in patients with MSA.

Method: We studied the presence of FOG in 28 patients with clinical diagnosis of MSA.

Increased body mass index per se is not a predictor of difficult laryngoscopy.

Purpose: We investigated the association between morbid obesity and difficult laryngoscopy (DL).

Methods: In a prospective, controlled study we evaluated the impact of different variables on the prediction of DL in 200 morbidly obese (study group-SG), and 1272 non-obese (control group-CG) patients undergoing elective surgery. Variables assessed included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), protruding, loose, and missing upper teeth, thyro-mental distance, temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) function, neck extension, and Mallampati class.

Endotracheal intubation with a gum-elastic bougie in unanticipated difficult direct laryngoscopy: comparison of a blind technique versus indirect laryngoscopy with a laryngeal mirror.

Unlabelled: We evaluated the efficacy of intubation over a gum-elastic bougie by using either a blind technique or indirect laryngoscopy with a laryngeal mirror in patients with unexpected difficult direct laryngoscopy. In a prospective study, 60 consecutive patients with an unexpected Grade III or IV direct laryngoscopy were randomly allocated for intubation with a gum-elastic bougie either blindly (Group 1) or by indirect laryngoscopy with a laryngeal mirror (Group 2). We evaluated the failure rate of each method of intubation, complications related to either method, and the time required for intubation.

MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression correlates with poor prognosis in cervical carcinoma--a clinicopathologic study using immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization.

Objective: The spread of malignant neoplasms is closely associated with matrix and basement membrane degradation, mediated by various classes of proteolytic enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) appear to have a key role in the sequence of events that lead to local invasion and metastasis. The present study evaluated the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), and membrane-type metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in cervical neoplasia.

Verbal hallucinations in psychotic patients.

"Verbal hallucinations" are sentences that psychotic patients may say repeatedly throughout a conversation which are out of context or unconnected to the topic of conversation. These hallucinations are not the outcome of a remembrance of an experience or an event and do not bring about any emotional relief or catharsis, but they supply valuable information. They resemble Jacques Lacan's description of the psychotic mechanism "Forclusion.