Study protocol for key interventions to improve the follow-up adherence postcervical precancerous lesion treatment in Ethiopia: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The follow-up adherence after treatment for a positive screening test is critical for preventing the development of screen-detected abnormalities in cervical cancer. Yet, this poses a major challenge in developing countries like Ethiopia, emphasising the urgency for intervention strategies. Our trial aims to assess which strategies would be effective in improving adherence to follow-up after suspicious cervical lesion treatment in Ethiopia.

Time to recovery of COVID-19 patients and its predictors: a retrospective cohort study in HUCSH, Sidama, Ethiopia.

Introduction: The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact, leading to numerous deaths, long recovery times, and economic challenges worldwide, especially in countries with limited financial resources like Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, Hawassa lacks viral shedding information. Identifying predictors can help ease economic impact of illness.

Design and Evaluation of a Cloud Computing System for Real-Time Measurements in Polarization-Independent Long-Range DAS Based on Coherent Detection.

CloudSim is a versatile simulation framework for modeling cloud infrastructure components that supports customizable and extensible application provisioning strategies, allowing for the simulation of cloud services. On the other hand, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a ubiquitous technique used for measuring vibrations over an extended region. Data handling in DAS remains an open issue, as many applications need continuous monitoring of a volume of samples whose storage and processing in real time require high-capacity memory and computing resources.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Through Lifestyle Interventions in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes-A Summary of Participant and Intervention Characteristics.

: We aimed to review the effect of lifestyle interventions in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the participants and intervention characteristics. : We systematically searched seven databases for RCTs of lifestyle interventions published up to 24 July 2024. We included 30 studies that reported the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or body weight.

Detection and Molecular Diversity of in Pastoral Livestock in North-Eastern Ethiopia.

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans that remains endemic in Ethiopia. Despite its prevalence, only a few studies have identified species circulating in livestock in the country. This study aimed to determine the species responsible for infections in livestock in the Afar region of Ethiopia and characterize the isolates using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis and in silico multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).

Effective Coverage of Modern Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: An Ecological Linking Analysis of Service Provision Assessment and National Health Equity Surveys.

The increase in contraceptive prevalence rate (crude coverage) in Ethiopia over the past two decades does not necessarily reflect service quality, and although the proportion of women with unmet needs has decreased, it remains unacceptably high. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the effective coverage (EC) of modern contraceptive methods in Ethiopia, considering the quality of care. We used nationally representative surveys, such as health facility surveys (Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment, 2021/22) and household surveys (National Health Equity Survey, 2022/2023).

Phenotypic drug resistance and genetic mutations linked to resistance among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: Insights from Whole Genome Sequencing.

Globally, drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is responsible for 13% of mortality attributable to antimicrobial resistance. In Ethiopia, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a significant public health challenge, and drug resistance (DR) in EPTB is often overlooked. In a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2022 and October 2023, we aimed to explore the magnitude of phenotypic drug resistance and identify genetic mutations linked to resistance using 189 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates cultured from extrapulmonary clinical specimens.

Unusual Presentation of Large Retroperitoneal Lipoma in a 3-Year-Old Child: A Case Report.

Background: Lipomas can occur almost anywhere in the body, but they are exceptionally rare in the retroperitoneal region. While lipomas are common in adults, they are quite uncommon in children. Even among adults, retroperitoneal lipomas are not frequently encountered.

The association between perceived neighborhood social cohesion and intimate partner violence in a refugee camp in Dollo Ado, Ethiopia.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of gender-based violence affecting women and girls worldwide and is exacerbated in humanitarian settings. There is evidence that neighborhood social processes influence IPV. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion (P-NSC)-a measure of community trust, attachment, safety, and reciprocity-may be protective against women's experience of and men's perpetration of IPV and controlling behaviors.

Assessment of patients' perception and satisfaction with extemporaneous compounding service in ALERT hospital, Ethiopia.

Background: Extemporaneous compounding for dermatological use is an important therapeutic alternative for patients whose clinical needs are not met by approved drug products circulated in the market. Evaluating patients' perceptions and levels of satisfaction towards such services is an important factor for the adherence of patients and maintaining the quality of healthcare services. The current study aimed to assess patients' perception and level of satisfaction with the compounding service and extemporaneous preparations rendered at ALERT hospital.

Relationship between vaginal and gut microbiome and pregnancy outcomes in eastern Ethiopia: a protocol for a longitudinal maternal-infant cohort study (the EthiOMICS study).

Introduction: Although evidence exists on the impact of microbiota on pregnancy outcomes in many high-resource settings, there is a lack of research in many low-resource settings like Ethiopia. This study aims to fill this gap by studying the gut and vaginal microbiota changes throughout pregnancy and assess how these changes relate to pregnancy outcomes among a cohort of pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods And Analysis: Vaginal and stool samples will be collected using DNA/RNA Shield Collection kits three times starting at 12-22 weeks, 28-36 weeks and at birth (within 7 days).

Estimation of GHGs emission from traditional kilns charcoal production in northwestern Ethiopia: Implications on climate change.

Rural areas in Ethiopia serve as the primary source of charcoal for urban populations, mainly produced using traditional kilns. However, this traditional method significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exacerbating climate change and deforestation. While banning charcoal production is not currently feasible in Ethiopia because of the lack of affordable alternative energy sources (fuel), improving the efficiency of the traditional production system can mitigate the climate impact caused by charcoal production.

Metachronous descending colon volvulus after sigmoidectomy: a case report.

Volvulus is the rotation or twisting of the intestine around its vascular pedicle. The occurrence of descending volvulus after sigmoidectomy is extremely rare. We report a case of a 35-year-old male who presented with abdominal distention, cramping, and no passage of feces or gas for three days.

Multimorbidity latent classes in relation to 11-year mortality, risk factors and health-related quality of life in Malaysia: a prospective health and demographic surveillance system study.

Background: We aimed to identify specific multimorbidity latent classes among multi-ethnic community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 18 years in Malaysia. We further explored the risk factors associated with these patterns and examined the relationships between the multimorbidity patterns and 11-year all-cause mortality risk, as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: Using data from 18,101 individuals (aged 18-97 years) from the baseline Census 2012, Health Round 2013, and Verbal Autopsies 2012-2023 of the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) health and demographic surveillance system, latent class analysis was performed on 13 chronic health conditions to identify statistically and clinically meaningful groups.

Sorghum rhizosphere bacteriome studies and generation of multistrain beneficial bacterial consortia.

The plant rhizosphere microbiome plays a crucial role in plant growth and health. Within this microbiome, bacteria dominate, exhibiting traits that benefit plants, such as facilitating nutrient acquisition, fixing nitrogen, controlling pathogens, and promoting root growth. This study focuses on designing synthetic bacterial consortia using key bacterial strains which have been mapped and then isolated from the sorghum rhizosphere microbiome.

Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection and its associated risk factors in dairy cattle in and around Sebeta sub city, Ethiopia.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a highly infectious disease affecting cattle, leading to significant economic losses in many countries engaged in cattle production. From February 2022 to October 2022, a study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in the Sebeta subcity area of Sheger city, Ethiopia. The study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to gather information on herd management practices from dairy farm owners.

Bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns in infected lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients at ALERT hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Bacterial infections commonly complicate cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), worsening the disease and delaying healing. Despite this, there is a gap in research concerning the characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms associated in CL patients. This study aims to identify bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns in CL patients.

Geographical equity in Ethiopian infant feeding practices: a secondary analysis of a birth cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the geographical equity in Ethiopian infants' exclusive breastfeeding at 5 months and dietary diversity at 12 months and whether social factors explained the spatial inequities.

Design: Secondary analysis of a birth cohort study.

Setting: Analysis of data from the Ethiopian Performance Monitoring for Action panel study conducted from July 2020 to August 2021 in five regions (ie, Oromia, Amhara, Afar and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples regions and the Addis Ababa City administration).

Religion as a Functional Equivalent of Medicine: Religious Experiences of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Illnesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

This article details the religious experiences of family caregivers in living with and caring for people with chronic illnesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This phenomenological study conducted in-depth interviews with 20 family caregivers recruited from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, who accompanied their loved ones during medical appointments or hospital stays. It used a thematic analysis to analyze the collected data.

The African Initiative for Bioinformatics Online Training in Neurodegenerative Diseases (AI-BOND): Investing in the next generation of African neuroscientists.

Unlabelled: Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD), pose significant challenges to health care systems globally, particularly in Africa. With the advances in medical technology and research capabilities, especially in next-generation sequencing and imaging, vast amounts of data have been generated from AD/ADRD research. Given that the greatest increase in AD/ADRD prevalence is expected to occur in Africa, it is critical to establish comprehensive bioinformatics training programs to help African scientists leverage existing data and collect additional information to untangle AD/ADRD heterogeneity in African populations.

A comprehensive analysis of advanced solar panel productivity and efficiency through numerical models and emotional neural networks.

This study presents an in-depth analysis and evaluation of the performance of a standard 200 W solar cell, focusing on the energy and exergy aspects. A significant research gap exists in the comprehensive integration of numerical models with advanced machine-learning approaches, specifically emotional artificial neural networks (EANN), to simulate and optimize the electrical characteristics and efficiency of solar panels. To address this gap, a numerical model alongside a novel EANN was employed to simulate the system's electrical characteristics, including open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, system resistances, maximum power point characteristics, and characteristic curves.

Obstacles to implementing indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Africa.

In a climate change context, indigenous and local knowledge includes the use of traditional practices, crop varieties, and land management techniques that have evolved in response to local climatic conditions. This inter-generational transfer of knowledge is crucial for maintaining and adapting these practices to meet the challenges posed by climate change. Despite the many advantages of using indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Africa, its implementation faces several obstacles.

Treatment Pattern and Outcome of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer in Resource-Constrained Countries: Experience at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Purpose: Management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) includes neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by total mesorectal excision. Recently, total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) has gained attention. In developing countries, patients with rectal cancer often present at advanced stages.