Moral distress in medical student reflective writing.

Purpose: Moral distress occurs when one identifies an ethically appropriate course of action but cannot carry it out. In this conceptualization, medical students may be particularly vulnerable to moral distress, but the literature on moral distress in medical trainees remains sparse.

Method: Using content analysis of 802 reflective essays written by third-year medical students, the authors analyzed for the presence of moral distress and other ethical themes.

A dose ranging study of 2 different formulations of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) in healthy infants.

Background: Two new formulations of an investigational 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15-A and PCV15-B) were developed using 2 different protein-polysaccharide conjugation processes and evaluated in separate phase I/II studies (NCT02037984 [V114-004] and NCT02531373 [V114-005]) to assess optimal concentrations of pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPs) and Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant.

Methods: Various lots of PCV15-A and PCV15-B containing different concentrations of PnPs and/or adjuvant were compared to PCV13 in young adults and infants. Adults received single dose and infants received 4 doses at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age.

Quantifying the association between acute leukemia and serum zinc, copper, and selenium: a meta-analysis.

Acute leukemia is a clonal malignant disorder that occurs when immature blast cells accumulate in bone marrow. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are related to normal lymphocyte maturation and immune function regulation. Selenium (Se) is protective against oxidative damage.

Clinical and molecular diagnosis of pathologic complete response in rectal cancer: an update.

The standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer includes neoadjuvant chemoradiation with subsequent total mesorectal excision. This approach has shown various degrees of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (ranging from complete response to further tumor growth), which have substantial prognostic and therapeutic implications. A total regression of the tumor is a predictor of superior oncologic outcomes compared with partial responders and non-responders.

Intimate partner violence, trauma, and mental health need among female community college students.

Objective: The impact of interpersonal violence on college students has received considerable attention, yet no studies have been conducted among community college students, who comprise 40% of all American college students, and have unique risk factors and needs. Community College students are more likely to be women, people of color, working, parenting, and first generation college students.

Participants: Data were collected from a simple random sample from four community colleges (n=435).

Impact of attention on social functioning in pediatric medulloblastoma survivors.

Background: Parent-reported attention problems have been associated with social functioning in a broad sample of pediatric cancer survivors.

Objective: The present study focused on a more homogeneous sample (pediatric medulloblastoma survivors), with the novel inclusion of self-reported attention ratings.

Participants/methods: Thirty-three pediatric medulloblastoma survivors, ages 7-18 years, completed a brief IQ measure and self-report of attentional and social functioning.

Wu-Wei: Concept Analysis of a Conceptual Paradox.

The Taoist concept of wu-wei is explored through a concept analysis, as delineated by Walker and Avant. The paradoxical nature of wu-wei is explored through different uses, defining attributes, a model case, related and illegitimate cases, antecedents and consequences, and empirical referents. Practical applications for mental health nursing assessment and interventions are offered to show potential improved outcomes with the stance of wu-wei in practice.

Drug use patterns and predictors among homeless youth: Results of an ecological momentary assessment.

Background: Alcohol and drug use is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is highly prevalent among homeless youth. Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) have been used to examine the effect of urges on drug use, though not among homeless youth.

Objectives: We assessed the patterns of drug use and the correlation between real-time contextual factors and drug use using EMA collected daily.

Impairment of functioning and substance use in a Latino population.

This study investigated the association of academic outcomes, romantic relationships, and substance use (tobacco, marijuana, cocaine) with alcohol dependence in a sample of Latino (N = 1,143) college students. Secondary data analysis was conducted on measures of grade point average in college, relationship satisfaction, drug use, and alcohol dependence. Latino college students who reported alcohol dependency had significant relational dissatisfaction and poor academic outcomes.

The relationship between smell identification and neuropsychological domains: Results from a sample of community-dwelling adults suspected of dementia.

Objective: This study aimed to test the theoretical relationships between smell identification and cognitive tasks based on existing neuroimaging and anatomical findings.

Method: Utilizing data collected from a memory assessment clinic, theory-derived mediation and moderation models were tested. The sample used in this study consisted of 103 (39 male, 64 female) individuals referred for memory assessments.

Mogamulizumab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive variant of peripheral T-cell lymphoma of CD4+ T-malignant cells caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type-1. Despite aggressive treatment with multidrug combination chemotherapies, ATL confers a poor prognosis and commonly develops resistance to conventional treatments. Areas covered: Mogamulizumab is a humanized, defucosylated monoclonal antibody that acts by targeting the CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) on malignant cells of ATL.

Older adults' marijuana use, injuries, and emergency department visits.

Background: Despite increasing marijuana use among older adults, little research has been done on marijuana's effects on their healthcare use.

Objectives: To examine whether (1) marijuana use is associated with the likelihood of emergency department (ED) visits through increased injury risk, and (2) marijuana use patterns are associated with injury risk and ED visits among older adults.

Methods: Using the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Problems (N = 14,715 aged 50+; 6,379 men and 8,336 women), descriptive statistics were used to compare past-year marijuana users to nonusers on sociodemographic and physical/mental health characteristics.