18 results match your criteria: "a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute[Affiliation]"
Traffic Inj Prev
February 2020
b General Motors Research & Development , Warren , Michigan.
Analyses of crash data have shown that older, obese, and/or female occupants have a higher risk of injury in frontal crashes compared to the rest of the population. The objective of this study was to use parametric finite element (FE) human models to assess the increased injury risks and identify safety concerns for these vulnerable populations. We sampled 100 occupants based on age, sex, stature, and body mass index (BMI) to span a wide range of the U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
January 2020
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Highly reclined postures may be common among passengers in future automated vehicles. A laboratory study was conducted to address the need for posture and belt fit in these seating configurations. In a laboratory vehicle mockup, the postures of 24 men and women with a wide range of body size were measured in a typical front vehicle seat at seat back angles of 23°, 33°, 43°, and 53°.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOccup Ther Health Care
January 2019
i Bassett Healthcare Network , Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown , NY , USA.
Evidence suggests that older driver safety may be improved by good vehicle maintenance, in-vehicle advanced technologies, and proper vehicle adaptations. This study explored the prevalence of several measures of vehicle maintenance and damage among older drivers through inspection of their vehicles. We also investigated the prevalence of in-vehicle technologies and aftermarket adaptations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
May 2019
b Toyota Motor North America , Saline , Michigan.
Objective: A test track study was conducted to quantify patterns of adult front seat passenger head motion during abrupt vehicle maneuvers.
Method: Eighty-seven men and women with a wide range of body sizes and ages participated in data collection on a closed test track in a passenger sedan under manual control by a test driver. Because a primary goal of the study was to gather "unaware" data, the participants were instructed that the study was concerned with vehicle dynamics and they were required to read from a questionnaire taped to the top of their thighs as the drive began.
Traffic Inj Prev
February 2018
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: The aging of the population in the United States and elsewhere has brought increasing attention to the issue of safe driving and mobility among older adults. The overall objective of this research was to use naturalistic data collection to better understand driving exposure and driving patterns, 2 important contributors to crash risk.
Methods: Data came from a study conducted at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute as part of the Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety System (IVBSS) program.
Traffic Inj Prev
May 2019
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: There are many unknowns regarding drivers' use and acceptance of advanced vehicle technologies. This research aimed to examine drivers' perceptions of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).
Methods: This research was conducted using structured interviews and focus groups of owners of vehicles with advanced technologies.
Traffic Inj Prev
April 2018
b Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington , Virginia.
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate vehicle factors associated with child restraint tether use and misuse in pickup trucks and evaluate 4 labeling interventions designed to educate consumers on proper tether use.
Methods: Volunteer testing was performed with 24 subjects and 4 different pickup trucks. Each subject performed 8 child restraint installations among the 4 pickups using 2 forward-facing restraints: a Britax Marathon G4.
Traffic Inj Prev
November 2017
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: This article investigated and compared frequency domain and time domain characteristics of drivers' behaviors before and after the start of distracted driving.
Method: Data from an existing naturalistic driving study were used. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied for the frequency domain analysis to explore drivers' behavior pattern changes between nondistracted (prestarting of visual-manual task) and distracted (poststarting of visual-manual task) driving periods.
Traffic Inj Prev
November 2017
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify factors that predict restraint use and optimal restraint use among children aged 0 to 13 years.
Methods: The data set is a national sample of police-reported crashes for years 2010-2014 in which type of child restraint is recorded. The data set was supplemented with demographic census data linked by driver ZIP code, as well as a score for the state child restraint law during the year of the crash relative to best practice recommendations for protecting child occupants.
Traffic Inj Prev
May 2017
b General Motors , Warren , Michigan.
Objective: Federal regulations in the United States require vehicles to meet occupant performance requirements with unbelted test dummies. Removing the test requirements with unbelted occupants might encourage the deployment of seat belt interlocks and allow restraint optimization to focus on belted occupants. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of restraint systems optimized for belted-only occupants with those optimized for both belted and unbelted occupants using computer simulations and field crash data analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
May 2017
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: Finite element (FE) models with geometry and material properties that are parametric with subject descriptors, such as age and body shape/size, are being developed to incorporate population variability into crash simulations. However, the validation methods currently being used with these parametric models do not assess whether model predictions are reasonable in the space over which the model is intended to be used. This study presents a parametric model of the femur and applies a unique validation paradigm to this parametric femur model that characterizes whether model predictions reproduce experimentally observed trends.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Although advanced restraint systems, such as seat belt pretensioners and load limiters, can provide improved occupant protection in crashes, such technologies are currently not utilized in military vehicles. The design and use of military vehicles presents unique challenges to occupant safety-including differences in compartment geometry and occupant clothing and gear-that make direct application of optimal civilian restraint systems to military vehicles inappropriate. For military vehicle environments, finite element (FE) modeling can be used to assess various configurations of restraint systems and determine the optimal configuration that minimizes injury risk to the occupant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
July 2017
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: The shape of the current physical and computational surrogates of children used for restraint system assessments is based largely on standard anthropometric dimensions. These scalar dimensions provide valuable information on the overall size of the individual but do not provide good guidance on shape or posture. This study introduced the development of a parametric model that statistically predicts individual child body shapes in seated postures with a few given parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: State laws regarding child passenger protection vary substantially.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a scoring system to rate child passenger safety laws relative to best practice recommendations for each age of child.
Methods: State child passenger safety and seat belt laws were retrieved from the LexisNexis database for the years 2002-2015.
Traffic Inj Prev
June 2016
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: To predict shoulder belt fit and lap belt fit as a function of child age, vehicle seat characteristics, and belt geometry.
Methods: In a previous study, the lap belt and shoulder belt fit of 44 children aged 5-12 were measured in a simulated vehicle seat while varying cushion length, cushion angle, seatback angle, and belt anchorage geometry. A regression model was developed to predict lap belt fit and shoulder belt fit as a function of vehicle parameters and child stature.
Traffic Inj Prev
February 2016
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to use computer simulation to evaluate the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13216-3:2006(E) child restraint system (CRS) envelopes relative to rear seat compartments from vehicles and CRSs in the U.S. market, investigate the potential compatibility issues of U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
October 2014
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: A series of sled tests was performed using vehicle seats and Hybrid-III 6-year-old (6YO) and 10YO anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) to explore possibilities for improving occupant protection for children who are not using belt-positioning booster seats.
Methods: Cushion length was varied from production length of 450 mm to a shorter length of 350 mm. Lap belt geometry was set to rear, mid, and forward anchorage locations that span the range of lap belt angles found in vehicles.
Traffic Inj Prev
March 2014
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI), Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to better understand how self-regulatory driving practices at multiple levels of driver decision making are influenced by various factors. Specifically, the study investigated patterns of tactical and strategic self-regulation among a sample of 246 Australian older drivers. Of special interest was the relative influence of several variables on the adoption of self-regulation, including self-perceptions of health, functioning, and abilities for safe driving and driving confidence and comfort.
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